prEN IEC 63551-6:2026

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 21-Dec-2027
• ICS: 31.080.99 - Other semiconductor devices
• Technical Committee: CLC/TC 47X - Semiconductor devices and trusted chips
• Current Stage: 4060 - Enquiry results established and sent to TC, SR, BTTF - Enquiry
• Start Date: 09-Oct-2026
• Completion Date: 09-Oct-2026
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN IEC 63551-6:2026 - Semiconductor devices - Chip-scale testing for autonomous vehicles - Part 6: Visual imaging devices

prEN IEC 63551-6:2026 is a CLC/IEC draft standard for chip-scale testing of semiconductor visual imaging devices used in autonomous vehicles. It specifies standard test conditions, equipment and measurement methods for evaluating image-sensor performance, including response, noise, angular behavior, spectral response, flicker mitigation and related optical tests. It is written for engineers, test labs, quality teams and automotive suppliers who need comparable results for visual imaging devices and modules.

What does prEN IEC 63551-6:2026 specify?

prEN IEC 63551-6:2026 specifies how to test the performance of visual imaging devices used in autonomous vehicles. Clause 1 says the document defines standard testing conditions and testing methods for this purpose, so the results can be compared across devices and test sites.

The document is organized into:

• Clause 3 - terms, definitions and abbreviations
• Clause 4 - standard testing equipment
• Clause 5 - standard testing conditions
• Clause 6 - testing methods
• Annex A - informative optical performance tests for visual imaging modules
• Annex B - informative image performance tests for visual imaging modules

Annex	What it covers
Annex A	Field of view, distortion and ghost image tests, plus setup conditions for test charts
Annex B	Spatial frequency response, motion blur and low-illuminance resolution tests

What are the key requirements of prEN IEC 63551-6:2026?

Equipment and test conditions

Clause 4 sets the reference equipment, and Clause 5 fixes the environmental and setup conditions. In practice, this means the test results depend on a controlled lab setup rather than ad hoc bench methods.

• A goniometer is required for angular tests. It must rotate independently around horizontal and vertical axes, reach 360° on each axis, and have rotational speed up to 2 RPS.
• The surface light source must be uniform, match the D65 illuminant and have luminance that can be tuned continuously. This matters because response and noise tests depend on stable, repeatable illumination.
• The LED light sources are PWM lights at 6000 K, with defined frequencies and duty cycles in Table 1. The table gives test points that represent different pulsed-light cases such as traffic lights and vehicle tail lights.
• The collimated light source must have a divergence angle below 2°. This supports angular-response testing where the incident angle is the variable.
• The spectral tunable light source must cover 300 nm to 1700 nm with fine wavelength control. That allows spectral-response measurements over a wide band.
• Standard environmental conditions are 25 °C ± 2 °C, 40 % to 70 % relative humidity and 86 kPa to 106 kPa, with the test carried out in a dark room at no more than 0.01 lux unless otherwise specified.
• The DUT is powered at nominal voltage with a tolerance of ±5%. That keeps the device under test operating in a defined state during all measurements.

Core electrical and image-response methods

Clause 6 gives the main performance tests for the device under test (DUT). These methods focus on measurable outputs such as frame rate, response curves, noise and defects.

• Section 6.1 measures frame rate and the number of effective pixels at maximum frame rate and maximum resolution. In practice, the test checks what the DUT can deliver in its highest-performance mode.
• Section 6.2 measures photo response and dynamic range (DR) using a surface light source and irradiance meter. The method builds a curve of image grey scale versus irradiance, then derives DR from the saturation point and the minimum detectable grey value.
• Section 6.3 measures visual noise as temporal variance in grey scale across frames. This shows how much image fluctuation the DUT produces under controlled illumination.
• Section 6.4 measures response non-linearity by comparing the photo-response curve to a fitted straight line. This tells the reader how closely the DUT follows a linear light-to-signal relationship.
• Section 6.5 measures photo response non-uniformity (PRNU) after dark-field correction and half-saturation illumination. This is the uniformity check for pixels across the sensing area.
• Section 6.6 detects photo response defects by flagging pixels that stay near the dark level or near the bright level outside the expected range. The report requires the positions and number of defective pixels.
• Section 6.7 measures signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at selected points between minimum grey value and saturation. The result is reported as SNR versus irradiance in dB.
• Section 6.8 evaluates LED flicker mitigation using Flicker Detection Index (FDI), Flicker Michelson Contrast (FMC) and Luminance Retention Index (LRI). This is important for autonomous-vehicle imaging in traffic-light and tail-light scenes.
• Section 6.9 measures angular response by rotating the DUT around vertical and horizontal axes from -90° to +90°. This shows how image brightness changes with incident angle.
• Section 6.10 measures spectral response versus wavelength, then reports the peak wavelength and the spectral-response interval. This matters when the sensor must be characterized for monochrome or color sensitivity.

Informative optical and image tests in the annexes

Annex A adds tests for field of view (FOV), distortion and ghost image. Annex B adds spatial frequency response (SFR), motion blur and low-illuminance resolution. These annex methods expand the performance picture from basic sensor response to image quality in realistic optical conditions.

What terms does prEN IEC 63551-6:2026 define?

• Visual imaging devices - photoelectric conversion components in autonomous vehicles that turn visible-light signals into digital image data.
• Effective pixel - a pixel that captures image data.
• Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) - the ratio of output signal to mean noise level at a given signal level.
• LED flicker - flicker in images caused by pulsed light sources when exposure does not match the light pulses; the term is used conventionally for pulsed sources more generally.
• Spatial frequency response (SFR) - the relative amplitude response of an imaging system as a function of input spatial frequency.
• Ghost image - an unwanted extra image caused by internal reflections from a high-luminance source.
• Dynamic range (DR) - the measurement range between the saturation point and the minimum detectable grey value.
• Photo response non-uniformity (PRNU) - the non-uniformity metric used to evaluate how evenly the DUT responds to incident light.

Who uses prEN IEC 63551-6:2026?

prEN IEC 63551-6:2026 is used by teams that design, test and buy visual imaging devices for autonomous vehicles. Typical users include sensor designers, camera-module manufacturers, validation labs, quality managers, and automotive procurement teams.

It is especially relevant when a supplier must compare devices on the same basis, document test conditions, or report image performance for development, qualification or incoming inspection.

What changed in prEN IEC 63551-6:2026 from the previous edition?

prEN IEC 63551-6:2026 supersedes 47/2978/CD and 47/3004/CC.

Which standards are used with prEN IEC 63551-6:2026?

• ISO 12233:2023 - used for resolution and spatial frequency response, including the SFR method referenced in Annex B.
• ISO 15739:2013 - used for noise measurements, supporting the noise-related work in this document.

What does the prEN IEC 63551-6:2026 document contain?

The document contains reference equipment requirements, environmental conditions, test setups and step-by-step methods for measuring key image-sensor behaviors. It includes equations for data reduction, reporting requirements and curve-based outputs for photo response, noise, non-linearity, SNR, angular response and spectral response.

It also contains several figures that show the standard setups and the expected response curves, plus Table 1 for LED PWM test sources. Annex A and Annex B add additional optical and image performance methods with their own setups and test charts, including the use of ISO 12233 Annex E and Annex F for SFR work.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2026
Polprevodniški elementi - Preskušanje na ravni čipa za avtonomna vozila - 6. del:
Naprave za vizualno slikanje
Semiconductor devices - Chip-scale testing for autonomous vehicles - Part 6: Visual
imaging devices
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 63551-6:2026
ICS:
31.080.99 Drugi polprevodniški elementi Other semiconductor devices
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

47/3021/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 63551-6 ED1
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2026-07-17 2026-10-09
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
47/2978/CD, 47/3004/CC
IEC TC 47 : SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
Korea, Republic of Mr Cheolung Cha
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: HORIZONTAL FUNCTION(S):

ASPECTS CONCERNED:
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The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
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TITLE:
Semiconductor devices - Chip-scale testing for autonomous vehicles - Part 6: Visual
Imaging devices
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2032
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
download this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National
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IEC CDV 63551-6 © IEC 2026
2 CONTENTS
4 FOREWORD . 4
5 1 Scope . 6
6 2 Normative references . 6
7 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 6
8 3.1 Terms and definitions. 6
9 3.2 Abbreviations . 7
10 4 Standard testing equipment . 7
11 5 Standard testing conditions . 8
12 5.1 Standard testing environmental conditions . 8
13 5.2 Standard testing room conditions . 8
14 5.3 Standard DUT conditions . 8
15 5.4 Standard setup conditions . 8
16 5.4.1 Standard setup conditions with a surface light source . 8
17 5.4.2 Standard setup conditions for angular response testing . 9
18 6 Testing methods . 9
19 6.1 Frame rate and effective pixel . 9
20 6.1.1 Purpose . 9
21 6.1.2 Testing conditions . 9
22 6.1.3 Testing method . 10
23 6.1.4 Report . 10
24 6.2 Photo response and dynamic range (DR) . 10
25 6.2.1 Purpose . 10
26 6.2.2 Testing conditions . 10
27 6.2.3 Testing method . 10
28 6.2.4 Report . 11
29 6.3 Visual noise . 11
30 6.3.1 Purpose . 11
31 6.3.2 Testing conditions . 12
32 6.3.3 Testing method . 12
33 6.3.4 Report . 12
34 6.4 Response non-linearity . 12
35 6.4.1 Purpose . 12
36 6.4.2 Testing conditions . 12
37 6.4.3 Testing method . 13
38 6.4.4 Report . 13
39 6.5 Photo response non-uniformity (PRNU) . 13
40 6.5.1 Purpose . 13
41 6.5.2 Testing conditions . 13
42 6.5.3 Testing method . 13
43 6.5.4 Report . 14
44 6.6 Photo response defects . 14
45 6.6.1 Purpose . 14
46 6.6.2 Testing conditions . 14
IEC CDV 63551-6 © IEC 2026
47 6.6.3 Testing method . 14
48 6.6.4 Report . 15
49 6.7 Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) . 15
50 6.7.1 Purpose . 15
51 6.7.2 Testing conditions . 15
52 6.7.3 Testing method . 15
53 6.7.4 Report . 15
54 6.8 LED flicker mitigation . 16
55 6.8.1 Purpose . 16
56 6.8.2 Testing conditions . 16
57 6.8.3 Testing method . 16
58 6.8.4 Report . 17
59 6.9 Angular response . 17
60 6.9.1 Purpose . 17
61 6.9.2 Testing conditions . 17
62 6.9.3 Testing method . 18
63 6.9.4 Report . 18
64 6.10 Spectral response . 19
65 6.10.1 Purpose . 19
66 6.10.2 Testing conditions . 19
67 6.10.3 Testing method . 19
68 6.10.4 Report . 20
69 Annex A (informative） . 21
70 A.1 Standard testing equipment . 21
71 A.2 Standard setup conditions . 21
72 A.2.1 Standard setup conditions with a test chart . 21
73 A.2.2 Standard setup conditions for ghost image testing . 21
74 A.3 Testing methods . 22
75 A.3.1 Field of view (FOV) . 22
76 A.3.2 Distortion . 23
77 A.3.3 Ghost image . 24
78 Annex B (informative） . 25
79 B.1 Standard setup conditions . 25
80 B.1.1 Standard setup conditions for motion blur testing . 25
81 B.2 Testing methods . 25
82 B.2.1 Spatial frequency response (SFR) . 25
83 B.2.2 Motion blur . 26
84 B.2.3 Low-illuminance resolution . 26
85 Bibliography . 28
87 Figure 1 – Standard setup with a light source . 10
88 Figure 2 – Standard setup for angular response testing . 10
89 Figure 3 – The curve of photo response . 12
90 Figure 4 – The curve of photo response and response non-linearity . 14
91 Figure 5 – The curve of angular response . 19
92 Figure 6 – Spectral response curve of the black-and-white image sensor . 20
IEC CDV 63551-6 © IEC 2026
93 Figure 7 – Spectral response curve of the color image sensor . 21
94 Figure A.1 – Standard setup with a test chart . 22
95 Figure A.2 – Standard setup for ghost image testing . 23
96 Figure A.3 – An example of a grid test chart . 24
97 Figure A.4 – Grid dimensions in undistorted and distorted images . 24
98 Figure B.1 – Standard setup for motion blur testing . 26
100 Table 1 – PWM frequency and duty cycle of LED light sources . 9
IEC CDV 63551-6 © IEC 2026
103 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
104 ____________
106 Semiconductor devices – Chip-scale testing for autonomous vehicles -
107 Part 6: Visual imaging devices
110 FOREWORD
111 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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147 IEC 63551-6 has been prepared by IEC technical committee TC47: Semiconductor devices. It
148 is an International Standard.
149 The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
XX/XX/FDIS XX/XX/RVD
151 Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
152 the above table.
153 The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
154 This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
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IEC CDV 63551-6 © IEC 2026
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163 • replaced by a revised edition, or
164 • amended.
IEC CDV 63551-6 © IEC 2026
168 Semiconductor devices – Chip-scale testing for autonomous vehicles
169 Part 6: Visual imaging devices
173 1 Scope
174 This part of IEC 63551 specifies the standard testing conditions and testing methods that can
175 be used to evaluate and determine the performance of visual imaging devices used in
176 autonomous vehicles. This document applies to the performance testing for visual imaging
177 devices used in autonomous vehicles.
178 2 Normative references
179 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
180 constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
181 For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
182 amendments) applies.
183 ISO 12233:2023, Photography – Electronic still picture imaging – Resolution and spatial
184 frequency responses
185 ISO 15739:2013, Photography – Electronic still-picture imaging – Noise measurements
186 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
187 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
188 ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
189 addresses:
190 • IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
191 • ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
192 3.1 Terms and definitions
193 3.1.1
194 visual imaging devices
195 essential photoelectric conversion components in autonomous vehicles, transforming
196 environmental visible - light signals into digital image data. As fundamental sensing units, they
197 provide raw visual inputs for environmental perception systems and are typically implemented
198 through visible - light - sensitive CMOS or CCD sensor arrays. With the advancement of
199 packaging technology, devices that integrate lenses with CMOS or CCD sensor arrays in a
200 single package are also considered as visual imaging devices.
201 3.1.2
202 effective pixel
203 pixel that captures image data
204 3.1.3
205 signal-to-noise ratio
206 SNR
207 ratio of the output signal to the mean noise level, at a particular signal level
208 3.1.4
209 LED flicker
210 flicker in the image of a pulsed light source or objects illuminated by a pulsed light source
211 because the exposure time of the visual imaging module does not coincide with the pulses of
212 the light source
IEC CDV 63551-6 © IEC 2026
213 Note 1 to entry: Although the term “LED flicker” is used conventionally, the phenomenon of flicker is not confined
214 to LED light sources but any pulsed light source.
215 3.1.5
216 spatial frequency response
217 SFR
218 relative amplitude response of an imaging system as a function of input spatial frequency
219 Note 1 to entry: The SFR is normally represented by a curve of the output response to an input sinusoidal spatial
220 luminance distribution of unit amplitude, over a range of spatial frequencies. The SFR is divided by its value at the
221 spatial frequency of 0 as normalization to yield a value of 1,0 at a spatial frequency of 0.
222 [SOURCE: ISO 12233:2023]
223 3.1.6
224 ghost image
225 undesired extra image formed by light reflected inside the module from a high-luminance source
226 3.2 Abbreviations
227 DR dynamic range
228 DUT device under test
229 FDI Flicker Detection Index
230 FMC Flicker Michelson Contrast
231 FOV field of view
232 LED light-emitting diode
233 LRI Luminance Retention Index
234 PRNU photo response non-uniformity
235 PWM pulse width modulation
236 RPS round per second
237 SFR spatial frequency response
238 SNR signal-to-noise ratio
240 4 Standard testing equipment
241 The standard testing equipment are as the followings:
242 a) goniometer: The goniometer shall independently rotate around horizontal and vertical axes,
243 enabling adjustment of the yaw angle (horizontal rotation) or pitch angle (vertical rotation)
244 of the DUT relative to its initial position. The goniometer shall achieve full 360° rotation
245 around each axis. The available angular speed for rotation around both axes should be up
246 to 2 RPS.
247 b) surface light sources: The surface light source shall be a uniform surface light source. The
248 spectral distribution characteristics of the light source shall conform to the standard D65
249 illuminant. It shall have continuously tunable luminance. The light source shall emit light
250 uniformly across the surface. The spatial variance in illuminance shall be less than 2%.
251 c) LED light sources: The LED light sources shall be PWM lights with colour temperature
252 6000K. They shall emit light uniformly throughout the surface and the spatial variance in
253 illuminance shall be less than 2%. The PWM frequencies and duty cycles are listed in Table
254 1.
255 Table 1 – PWM frequency and duty cycle of LED light sources
Light source name PWM frequency Duty cycle Note
IEC CDV 63551-6 © IEC 2026
Approximate threshold for
Light source 1 30 Hz 20%
human vision.
Light source 2 60 Hz 20% Typical for traffic lights.
Typical for signal lights and
Light source 3 90 Hz 20%
traffic signage.
Typical for tail lights on
Light source 4 200 Hz 20%
vehicles.
Light source 5 400 Hz 20% Typical for tail lights on cars.
257 d) collimated light source: The collimated light sources shall be able to offer a beam of light
258 with a relatively constant cross-section along its path. The spectral distribution
259 characteristics of the light source shall conform to the standard D65 illuminant. The
260 divergence angle of the emitted light shall be less than 2°.
261 e) spectral tunable light source: The spectral tunable light source shall be capable of emitting
262 light with a continuously adjustable spectrum spanning from 300 nm to 1700 nm. The
263 spectral tuning shall operate with a step size no greater than 5 nm, a full width at half
264 maximum of ≤5 nm, and a wavelength accuracy of ±1 nm.
265 5 Standard testing conditions
266 5.1 Standard testing environmental conditions
267 The standard testing environmental conditions are as the following:
268 – Environment temperature: 25 ºC ± 2 ºC;
269 – Relative humidity: 40 % to 70 %;
270 – Atmospheric pressure: 86 kPa to 106 kPa.
271 5.2 Standard testing room conditions
272 The tests should be carried out in a dark room where environmental illuminance at any position
273 is no greater than 0.01 lux, unless otherwise specified.
274 5.3 Standard DUT conditions
275 The testing voltage provided for DUT shall be the nominal voltage of the DUT with a tolerance
276 of ±5%.
277 5.4 Standard setup conditions
278 5.4.1 Standard setup conditions with a surface light source
279 The standard setup with a light source is as illustrated in Figure 1. The light source shall be a
280 light source which meets the specifications in Section 4 unless otherwise specified. The DUT
281 and the light source are positioned in a way such that the centre of the photosensitive target
282 surface on the DUT is aligned with that of the luminous area of the surface light source. The
283 distance between the DUT and the surface light source shall be set in a way such that the image
284 of the light source occupies the whole FOV of the DUT. The surface light source, LED light
285 source and the spectral tuneable light source shall be interchangeable in this setup.
∘
286 Note 1 to entry: For DUTs with extremely wide fields of view (e.g., approaching 180 ), where a standard planar
287 surface light source cannot fill the FOV, alternative setups such as integrating spheres or curved sources may be
288 used, or the test may be restricted to a specified central FOV.
IEC CDV 63551-6 © IEC 2026
291 Figure 1 – Standard setup with a light source
292 5.4.2 Standard setup conditions for angular response testing
293 The standard setup for angular response testing is as shown in Figure 2. The DUT is placed on
294 a goniometer. The light source should be a collimated light source that meets the specifications
295 in section 4. The light from the light source should evenly illuminate the photosensitive target
296 surface of the DUT. When the DUT's photosensitive target surface is perpendicular to the light
297 source's optical axis, this position is defined as the initial reference position, where both the
298 yaw angle and pitch angle are 0°. When DUT rotates clockwise around one axes, the
299 corresponding angle (yaw for the horizontal axis or pitch for the vertical axis) shall range from
300 0° to +90°; when it rotates counterclockwise, the range shall be from 0° to - 90°.
302 Figure 2 – Standard setup for angular response testing
304 6 Testing methods
305 6.1 Frame rate and effective pixel
306 6.1.1 Purpose
307 The purpose of this method is to test the frame rate and the number of effective pixels of the
308 DUT.
309 6.1.2 Testing conditions
310 The testing conditions shall be as follows:
311 a) Apparatus: No apparatus to be specified for this method;
312 b) Environmental conditions: Standard testing environmental conditions in Section 5.1;
313 c) Room conditions: Standard testing room conditions in Section 5.2;
IEC CDV 63551-6 © IEC 2026
314 d) DUT conditions: Standard DUT conditions in Section 5.3;
315 e) Setup: No setup to be specified for this method.
316 6.1.3 Testing method
317 The testing shall be as follows；
318 a) Set the DUT into the working mode with maximum frame rate and maximum resolution;
319 b) Find the frame rate of the DUT as the number of output images in unit time;
320 c) Find the numbers of effective pixels in horizontal and vertical directions.
321 6.1.4 Report
322 a) Report the frame rate of the DUT in units of fps (frame per second);
323 b) Report the number of effective pixels of the DUT in the form of 𝑝 × 𝑝 , where 𝑝 and 𝑝 are
ℎ 𝑣 ℎ 𝑣
324 the numbers of effective pixels in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively.
325 6.2 Photo response and dynamic range (DR)
326 6.2.1 Purpose
327 The purpose of this method is to test the photo response curve of the DUT, a curve of image
328 grey scale versus the irradiance, and DR of the DUT.
329 6.2.2 Testing conditions
330 The testing conditions shall be as follows:
331 a) Apparatus: surface light source, irradiance meter;
332 b) Environmental conditions: Standard testing environmental conditions in Section 5.1;
333 c) Room conditions: Standard testing room conditions in Section 5.2;
334 d) DUT conditions: Standard DUT conditions in Section 5.3;
335 e) Setup: The system shall be set up as described in Section 5.4.1.
336 6.2.3 Testing method
337 The testing shall be as follows:
338 a) Tune the luminance of the surface light source to control the irradiance on the DUT surface,
339 starting from 0 W/m (dark field);
340 b) For each irradiance:
341 1) Capture images of the light source with the DUT for a total of 𝐹 frames and record the
342 irradiance on the DUT surface using the irradiance meter;
343 2) Choose a region of interest of 𝑀 × 𝑁 pixels and calculate the average grey scale in the
344 region using Formula (1);
𝐹−1 𝑀−1 𝑁−1
𝐷 = ∑ ∑ ∑ 𝐷 (1)
𝑇,𝑓,𝑚,𝑛 𝑓,𝑚,𝑛
𝐹𝑀𝑁
𝑓=0 𝑚=0 𝑛=0
345 where
th th th
346 𝐷 is the grey scale of the pixel in the m row and n column in the f frame;
𝑓,𝑚,𝑛
347 3) Cover the DUT and capture dark field images for a total of 𝐹 frames;
348 4) For the same region of interest in
...