EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022

Dielectric and resistive properties of solid insulating materials - Part 2-2: Relative permittivity and dissipation factor - High frequencies (1 MHz to 300 MHz) - AC methods

This part of IEC 62631 specifies test methods for the determination of permittivity and dissipation factor properties of solid insulating materials in a high frequency range from 1 MHz to 300 MHz.

Dielektrische und resistive Eigenschaften fester Elektroisolierstoffe - Teil 2-2: Relative Permittivität und Verlustfaktor - Hohe Frequenzen (1 MHz bis 300 MHz) - Wechselspannungsverfahren

Propriétés diélectriques et résistives des matériaux isolants solides - Partie 2-2: Permittivité relative et facteur de dissipation - Hautes fréquences (1 MHz à 300 MHz) - Méthodes en courant alternatif

L'IEC 62631-2-2:2022 spécifie les méthodes d'essai pour déterminer les propriétés de la permittivité et du facteur de dissipation de matériaux isolants solides dans la plage des hautes fréquences de 1 MHz à 300 MHz.

Dielektrične in uporovne lastnosti trdnih izolacijskih materialov - 2-2. del: Relativna permitivnost in faktor izgube - Visoke frekvence (1 MHz do 300 MHz) - Metode AC (IEC 62631-2-2:2022)

Ta del standarda IEC 62631 opisuje preskusne metode za določitev lastnosti permitivnosti in faktorja izgube trdnih izolacijskih materialov v visokofrekvenčnem območju od 1 MHz do 300 MHz.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 19-May-2022
• ICS: 17.220.99 - Other standards related to electricity and magnetism
• ICS: 29.035.01 - Insulating materials in general
• Technical Committee: CLC/SR 112 - Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems (to be defined)
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 112 - IEC_TC_112
• Current Stage: 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
• Start Date: 20-May-2022
• Due Date: 28-Oct-2022
• Completion Date: 20-May-2022
• Ref Project: SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022 - Dielectric and resistive properties of solid insulating materials - Part 2-2: Relative permittivity and dissipation factor - High frequencies (1 MHz to 300 MHz) - AC methods (IEC 62631-2-2:2022)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
01-julij-2022
Dielektrične in uporovne lastnosti trdnih izolacijskih materialov - 2-2. del:
Relativna permitivnost in faktor izgube - Visoke frekvence (1 MHz do 300 MHz) -
Metode AC (IEC 62631-2-2:2022)

Dielectric and resistive properties of solid insulating materials - Part 2-2: Relative

permittivity and dissipation factor - High frequencies (1 MHz to 300 MHz) - AC methods

(IEC 62631-2-2:2022)

Dielektrische und resistive Eigenschaften fester Elektroisolierstoffe - Teil 2-2: Relative

Permittivität und Verlustfaktor - Hohe Frequenzen ( 1 MZ bis 300 MHz) -
Wechselspannungsverfahren (IEC 62631-2-2:2022)

Propriétés diélectriques et résistives des matériaux isolants solides - Partie 2-2:

Permittivité relative et facteur de dissipation diélectrique - Hautes fréquences (1 MHz à

300 MHz) - Méthodes en courant alternatif (IEC 62631-2-2:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
ICS:
17.220.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
elektriko in magnetizmom electricity and magnetism
29.035.01 Izolacijski materiali na Insulating materials in
splošno general
SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
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SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 62631-2-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2022
ICS 17.220.99; 29.035.01
English Version
Dielectric and resistive properties of solid insulating materials -
Part 2-2: Relative permittivity and dissipation factor - High
frequencies (1 MHz to 300 MHz) - AC methods
(IEC 62631-2-2:2022)

Propriétés diélectriques et résistives des matériaux isolants Dielektrische und resistive Eigenschaften fester

solides - Partie 2-2: Permittivité relative et facteur de Elektroisolierstoffe - Teil 2-2: Relative Permittivität und

dissipation - Hautes fréquences (1 MHz à 300 MHz) - Verlustfaktor - Hohe Frequenzen ( 1 MZ bis 300 MHz) -

Méthodes en courant alternatif Wechselspannungsverfahren
(IEC 62631-2-2:2022) (IEC 62631-2-2:2022)

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2022-05-12. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC

Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation

under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the

same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,

Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the

Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2022 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.

Ref. No. EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022 E
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SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022 (E)
European foreword

The text of document 112/562/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62631-2-2, prepared by IEC/TC 112

"Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems" was submitted to the IEC-

CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022.
The following dates are fixed:

• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2023-02-12

level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement

• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2025-05-12

document have to be withdrawn

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice

The text of the International Standard IEC 62631-2-2:2022 was approved by CENELEC as a

European Standard without any modification.

In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards

indicated:
IEC 60247 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60247
IEC 62631-2-1:2018 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 62631-2-1:2018 (not modified)
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SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)

applies.

NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the

relevant EN/HD applies.

NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available

here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60212 - Standard conditions for use prior to and EN 60212 -
during the testing of solid electrical
insulating materials
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SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
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SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
IEC 62631-2-2
Edition 1.0 2022-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Dielectric and resistive properties of solid insulating materials –
Part 2-2: Relative permittivity and dissipation factor – High frequencies
(1 MHz to 300 MHz) – AC methods
Propriétés diélectriques et résistives des matériaux isolants solides –
Partie 2-2: Permittivité relative et facteur de dissipation – Hautes fréquences
(1 MHz à 300 MHz) – Méthodes en courant alternatif
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.99; 29.035.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-1096-7

Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
– 2 – IEC 62631-2-2:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS

FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 4

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6

1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 7

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 7

3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................... 7

4 Methods of test ................................................................................................................ 8

4.1 Basic theory ............................................................................................................ 8

4.2 Distinctive factors for the measurement in high frequency range ........................... 12

4.3 Power supply ........................................................................................................ 13

4.4 Equipment ............................................................................................................ 13

4.4.1 Accuracy ....................................................................................................... 13

4.4.2 Distinctive feature of equipment for measurement in high frequency

range ............................................................................................................. 14

4.4.3 Choice of measurement methods ................................................................... 15

4.5 Calibration ............................................................................................................ 16

4.6 Test specimen ...................................................................................................... 16

4.6.1 General ......................................................................................................... 16

4.6.2 Recommended dimensions of test specimen and electrode

arrangements ................................................................................................ 16

4.6.3 Number of test specimens ............................................................................. 16

4.6.4 Conditioning and pre-treatment of test specimen ........................................... 16

4.7 Procedures for specific materials .......................................................................... 17

5 Test procedure .............................................................................................................. 17

5.1 General ................................................................................................................. 17

5.2 Calculation of permittivity and relative permittivity ................................................. 17

5.2.1 Relative permittivity ....................................................................................... 17

5.2.2 Dielectric dissipation factor tan δ ................................................................... 17

6 Report ........................................................................................................................... 17

7 Repeatability and reproducibility .................................................................................... 18

Annex A (informative) Compensation method using a series circuit ...................................... 19

Annex B (informative) Parallel electrodes with shield ring .................................................... 20

Annex C (informative) Apparatus ......................................................................................... 21

C.1 Parallel T network bridge ...................................................................................... 21

C.2 Resonance method ............................................................................................... 22

C.3 I-V method designed for high frequencies ............................................................. 24

C.4 Auto-balancing bridge method ............................................................................... 24

Annex D (informative) Non-contacting electrode method with micrometer-controlled

parallel electrodes in air ........................................................................................................ 26

Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 28

Figure 1 – Dielectric dissipation factor .................................................................................. 10

Figure 2 – Equivalent circuit diagrams with capacitive test specimen .................................... 11

Figure 3 – Equivalent parallel circuit for test fixture with sample and leads to

equipment ............................................................................................................................. 12

Figure 4 – Existence of residual impedance and stray capacitance in directly

connected system ................................................................................................................. 15

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Figure A.1 – Compensation method using a series circuit ..................................................... 19

Figure B.1 – Configuration of parallel electrode with shield ring ............................................ 20

Figure C.1 – Parallel T network, principal circuit diagram ...................................................... 21

Figure C.2 – Parallel T network, practical circuit diagram ...................................................... 21

Figure C.3 – Principle of resonance method, circuit diagram (originally from Q meter) .......... 23

Figure C.4 – Auto-balancing circuit ....................................................................................... 25

Figure D.1 – Non-contacting electrode method ..................................................................... 27

Table 1 – Applicable frequency range in effective apparatus ................................................. 16

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
DIELECTRIC AND RESISTIVE PROPERTIES OF
SOLID INSULATING MATERIALS –
Part 2-2: Relative permittivity and dissipation factor –
High frequencies (1 MHz to 300 MHz) – AC methods
FOREWORD

1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising

all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international

co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and

in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,

Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their

preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with

may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising

with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for

Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.

2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international

consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all

interested IEC National Committees.

3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National

Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC

Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any

misinterpretation by any end user.

4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications

transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between

any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.

5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity

assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any

services carried out by independent certification bodies.

6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.

7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and

members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or

other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and

expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC

Publications.

8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is

indispensable for the correct application of this publication.

9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent

rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

IEC 62631-2-2 has been prepared by of IEC technical committee 112: Evaluation and

qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems. It is an International Standard.

The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
112/562/FDIS 112/565/RVD

Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in

the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
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SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
IEC 62631-2-2:2022 © IEC 2022 – 5 –

This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in

accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available

at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are

described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.

A list of all parts in the IEC 62631 series, published under the general title Dielectric and

resistive properties of solid insulating materials, can be found on the IEC website.

The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the

stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the

specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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INTRODUCTION

Permittivity and dissipation factor (tan δ) are basic parameters for the quality of insulating

materials. The dissipation factor depends on several parameters, such as environmental factors,

moisture, temperature, applied voltage, and highly depends on frequency, the accuracy of

measuring apparatus and other parameters applied to the measured specimen.

The frequency range measurable for permittivity and dissipation factor is highly limited by the

design of the electrode system, dimension of the sample and impedance of the wiring lead.

Special consideration should be given to the measurement in the high frequency range. This

document focuses on the method for measurements of permittivity and dissipation factor in the

high frequency range from 1 MHz to 300 MHz.
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DIELECTRIC AND RESISTIVE PROPERTIES OF
SOLID INSULATING MATERIALS –
Part 2-2: Relative permittivity and dissipation factor –
High frequencies (1 MHz to 300 MHz) – AC methods
1 Scope

This part of IEC 62631 specifies test methods for the determination of permittivity and

dissipation factor properties of solid insulating materials in a high frequency range from 1 MHz

to 300 MHz.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.

For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any

amendments) applies.

IEC 60212, Standard conditions for use prior to and during the testing of solid electrical

insulating materials
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following

addresses:
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
solid electrical insulating material

solid with negligibly low electric conductivity, used to separate conducting parts at different

electrical potentials

Note 1 to entry: The term "electrical insulating material" is sometimes used in a broader sense to designate also

insulating liquids and gases. Insulating liquids are covered by IEC 60247 [1].
3.2
dielectric properties

comprehensive behaviour of an insulating material measured with an alternating current

comprising the capacitance, absolute permittivity, relative permittivity, relative complex

permittivity, dielectric dissipation factor
3.3
absolute permittivity
electric flux density divided by the electric field strength
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3.4
vacuum permittivity

permittivity of a vacuum, which is related to the magnetic constant ε μ and to the speed of light

0 0
in vacuum c by the relation ε μ c = 1
0 0 0 0
3.5
relative permittivity
ratio of the absolute permittivity to the permittivity of a vacuum ε
3.6
relative complex permittivity

permittivity in a complex number representation, under steady sinusoidal field conditions

3.7
dielectric dissipation factor tan δ (loss tangent)

numerical value of the ratio of the imaginary to the real part of the complex permittivity

3.8
capacitance

property of an arrangement of conductors and dielectrics which permits the storage of electrical

charge when a potential difference exists between the conductors
3.9
voltage application
application of a voltage between electrodes

Note 1 to entry: Voltage application is sometimes referred to as electrification.

3.10
measuring electrodes

conductors applied to, or embedded in, a material to make contact with it to measure its

dielectric or resistive properties

Note 1 to entry: The design of the measuring electrodes depends on the specimen and the purpose of the test.

4 Methods of test
4.1 Basic theory

Capacitance C is the property of an arrangement of conductors and dielectrics which permits

the storage of electrical charge when a potential difference exists between the conductors.

C is the ratio of a quantity q of charge to a potential difference U. A capacitance value is always

positive. The unit is farad when the charge is expressed in coulomb and the potential in volts.

C= (1)
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SIST EN IEC 62631-2-2:2022
IEC 62631-2-2:2022 © IEC 2022 – 9 –

The measured permittivity (formerly known as dielectric constant) ε of an insulating material is

the product of its relative permittivity ε and the permittivity of a vacuum ε :
r 0
ε = ε · ε
(2)
0 r

This general method describes common values for general measurements. If a method for a

specific type of material is described in this document, the specific method shall be used.

The permittivity is expressed in farad per metre (F/m); the permittivity of vacuum ε has the

following value:
−12
(3)
ε 8,854187817×10

Relative permittivity is the ratio of the absolute permittivity to the permittivity of a vacuum ε .

In the case of constant fields and alternating fields of sufficiently low frequency, the relative

permittivity of an isotropic or quasi-isotropic dielectric is equal to the ratio of the capacitance of

a capacitor, in which the space between and around the electrodes is entirely and exclusively

filled with the dielectric, to the capacitance of the same configuration of electrodes in vacuum.

ε =
(4)

The relative permittivity ε of dry air, at normal atmospheric pressure, equals 1,000 59, so that

in practice, the capacitances C of the configuration of electrodes in air can normally be used

instead of C to determine the relative permittivity ε with sufficient accuracy.
0 r

Relative complex permittivity is permittivity in a complex number representation under steady

sinusoidal field conditions expressed as
'" − jδ
ε=ε−jε=ε e (5)
rr r r
' "
where ε and ε have positive values.
r r
' "

NOTE 1 The complex permittivity ε is customarily quoted either in terms of ε and ε , or in terms of ε and tan δ.

r r r
NOTE 2 ε is termed loss index.

The dielectric dissipation factor tan δ (loss tangent) is the numerical value of the ratio of the

imaginary to the real part of the complex permittivity.
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Key
U applied voltage
I current
I real part of current
I imaginary part of current
φ phase difference between applied voltage and current
δ subtracted angle of φ from
Figure 1 – Dielectric dissipation factor
tanδ= (6)

Thus, the dielectric dissipation factor tan δ of an insulating material is the tangent of the angle

δ by which the phase difference φ between the applied voltage and the resulting current deviates

from π/2 rad when the solid insulating material is exclusively used as dielectric in a capacitive

test specimen (capacitor), compared with Figure 1. The dielectric dissipation factor can also be

expressed by an equivalent circuit diagram using an ideal capacitor with a resistor in series or

parallel connection (see Figure 2).
tanδ ωC ×R
ss (7)
ωC ×R
with
(8)
1+ tan δ
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and
(9)
tan δ

NOTE 3 R and R respectively are not directly related to but affected by the volume and the surface resistance of

s p

an insulating material. Therefore, the dielectric dissipation factor can also be affected by these resistive materials

properties.
Key
C and R capacitance and resistance for equivalent parallel circuit, respectively
p p
C and R capacitance and resistance for equivalent series circuit, respectively
s s
Figure 2 – Equivalent circuit diagrams with capacitive test specimen

This general method describes common values for general measurements. If a method for a

specific type of material is described in this document, the specific method shall be used.

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Key
a and b terminals

C R and Z capacitance, resistance and impedance for equivalent parallel circuit with sample P,

p p P
respectively

R , L , C and Z Z is the impedance due to the residual resistance R and residual inductance L

lead lead
lead lead lead lead lead

existing with leads from the equipment to the test fixture. The stray capacitor, C is

lead
the stray capacitor involved in Z
lead

C , R and Z Z is the impedance due to the edge capacitance of the electrode and leakage

edge leak edge edge
resistance on sample and insulators of the electrode fixture

Figure 3 – Equivalent parallel circuit for test fixture with sample and leads to equipment

The measurement of permittivity and dielectric dissipation factor shall be made taking into

consideration the electric properties of the measuring circuit as well as the specific electric

properties of the material. To carry out the test, in most cases, the use of high voltage is

necessary. Care should be taken to prevent any electric shock.

The basic principles of apparatus and methods are not described here. Some references to the

literature are given in the bibliography of IEC 62631-2-1 [2] .
4.2 Distinctive factors for the measurement in high frequency range

Figure 3 shows an equivalent parallel circuit comprising an electrode system with a sample and

wiring leads from terminals a and b.

The impedance of C , , decreases when the frequency is increased, which causes the

jωC

increase in current through C in the high frequency range. When the frequency is increased

from 100 kHz to 100 MHz, the current through C increases 1 000 times more than that at

100 kHz. This causes a decrease of accuracy in the obtained results.
___________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the bibliography.
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The impedances due to the inductance of leads (L ), and the stray capacitance (C ) also

lead lead

depend on the frequency. That kind of impedance can be ignored in the measurements in the

low frequency range. In the high frequency range, on the other hand, the effect of the impedance

of Z on the measured values cannot be ignored and causes errors in the measured result

...