IEC 62493:2009
(Main)Assessment of lighting equipment related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields
Assessment of lighting equipment related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields
IEC 62493:2009 applies to the assessment of lighting equipment related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields. The assessment consists of the induced current density for frequencies from 20 kHz to 10 MHz and the specific absorption rate (SAR) for frequencies from 100 kHz to 300 MHz around lighting equipment. This standard does not apply to built-in components for luminaires such as electronic control gear.
Évaluation d'un équipement d'éclairage relativement à l'exposition humaine aux champs électromagnétiques
La CEI 62493:2009 traite de l'évaluation d'un équipement d'éclairage relativement à l'exposition humaine aux champs électromagnétiques. L'évaluation comprend la densité du courant induit pour les fréquences comprises entre 20 kHz et 10 MHz et le débit d'absorption spécifique (SAR) pour les fréquences comprises entre 100 kHz et 300 MHz autour de l'équipement d'éclairage. La présente norme ne s'applique pas aux composants intégrés dans des luminaires, tels que les appareillages électroniques.
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IEC 62493
®
Edition 1.0 2009-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Assessment of lighting equipment related to human exposure to
electromagnetic fields
Evaluation d’un équipement d’éclairage relativement à l’exposition humaine aux
champs électromagnétiques
IEC 62493:2009
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IEC 62493
®
Edition 1.0 2009-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Assessment of lighting equipment related to human exposure to
electromagnetic fields
Evaluation d’un équipement d’éclairage relativement à l’exposition humaine aux
champs électromagnétiques
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
X
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.020; 29.140 ISBN 978-2-88910-015-6
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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– 2 – 62493 © IEC:2009
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
INTRODUCTION.6
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms, definitions, physical quantities and units .8
3.1 Terms and definitions .8
3.2 Physical quantities and units .9
4 Limits .10
4.1 General .10
4.2 Application of limits .10
4.3 Lighting equipment deemed to comply without testing .10
5 General requirements .10
5.1 Supply voltage.10
5.2 Measurement frequency range .11
5.3 Ambient temperature .11
5.4 Measurement equipment requirements .11
5.5 Measurement instrumentation uncertainty .12
5.6 Test report .12
5.7 Evaluation of results.13
6 Measurement procedure.13
6.1 General .13
6.2 Operating conditions .13
6.3 Measurement distance .14
6.4 Measurement set-up.14
6.5 Location of measurement test-head.15
6.6 Calculation of the results .15
Annex A (normative) Measurement distances .16
Annex B (informative) Location of measurement test-head.17
Annex C (informative) Exposure limits .21
Annex D (informative) Rational measurement and assessment method.23
Annex E (normative) Practical measurement and assessment method .33
Annex F (normative) Protection network .35
Annex G (informative) Measurement instrumentation uncertainty.38
Bibliography.40
Figure 1 – The “Van der Hoofden” test-head .11
Figure 2 – Example of a protection circuit .12
Figure 3 – Measurement set-up .14
Figure B.1 – Typical measurement arrangement .17
Figure B.2a – Location of measurement point for lighting equipment with double
capped fluorescent lamp(s) (recessed, surface or pole mounted).17
Figure B.2b – Location of measurement point for lighting equipment with single
capped lamp(s) (recessed, surface or pole mounted) .18
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62493 © IEC:2009 – 3 –
Figure B.2c – Location of measurement point(s) for lighting equipment with single
capped lamp (360˚ illumination) .18
Figure B.2d – Location of measurement points for lighting equipment with a remote
gear .19
Figure B.2e – Location of measurement point for an independent electronic converter .19
Figure B.2f – Location of measurement point(s) for an up light
(floorstanding/suspended).20
Figure B.2 – Location of measurement test-head .20
Figure D.1 – Overview measurement and assessment method.23
Figure D.2 – Distances of the head, loop and measurement set-up.24
Figure D.3 – Maximum current in the 2 meter LLA as function of the frequency .26
Figure D.4 – Distances of the head and measurement set-up .28
Figure D.5 – Plot of Equations (D.16) and (D.17) .29
Figure F.1 – Test set-up for normalization of the network analyzer.35
Figure F.2 – Test set-up for measurement of the voltage division factor using a
network analyzer.36
Figure F.3 – Calculated theoretical characteristic for the calibration of the protection
network.37
Table 1 – Physical quantities and units .10
Table 2 – Receiver or spectrum analyser settings .11
Table A.1 – Lighting equipment and measurement distances .16
Table C.1 – Basic restrictions (BR) for general public exposure to time varying electric
and magnetic fields for frequencies up to 10 GHz .21
Table C.2 – IEEE Basic Restrictions (BR) for the general public .22
Table C.3 – IEEE Basic Restrictions (BR) between 100 kHz and 3 GHz for the general
public.22
Table D.1 – Induced current density calculations .25
Table D.2 – Calculation main contributions .29
Table D.3 – Frequency steps for the amplitude addition that equals 1,11 times B . .30
6
Table D.4 – Frequency steps for the power addition that equals 0,833 times B .31
6
Table D.5 – Field strength limits according to CISPR 15:2005 (as amended by its
Amendment 1 (2006)) .32
Table G.1 – Uncertainty calculation for the measurement method described in Clause
6.4 in the frequency range from 20 kHz to 10 MHz.38
Table G.2 – Comments and information to Table G.1.39
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ASSESSMENT OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT RELATED TO HUMAN
EXPOSURE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62493 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 34: Lamps
and related equipment
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
34/133/FDIS 34/137/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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62493 © IEC:2009 – 5 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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INTRODUCTION
This International Standard establishes a suitable evaluation method for determining the
electromagnetic fields in the space around the equipment mentioned in the scope, and
defines standardized operating conditions and measurement distances.
This standard is designed to assess, by measurements and/or calculations, electromagnetic
(EM) fields and their potential effect on the human body by reference to exposure levels of the
)
1
general public given by ICNIRP:1998 [1] , IEEE C95.1:2005 and IEEE C95.6:2002[2]. The
exposure levels with which to comply are basic restrictions (both ICNIRP- and IEEE-based).
NOTE 1 Maximum permissible exposure levels (IEEE-based) or reference levels (ICNRIP-based) are not used.
Based on the lighting equipment operating properties, the frequency range of the applicable
basic restrictions can be limited as follows:
• induced current density between 20 kHz to 10 MHz;
• specific absorption rate (SAR) between 100 kHz to 300 MHz;
• power density is outside the scope.
NOTE 2 Operating frequencies of lighting equipment are higher than 20 kHz to avoid audible noise and infrared
interference. Frequency contributions above 300 MHz can be neglected.
This standard is not meant to supplant definitions and procedures specified in exposure
standards, but it is aimed at supplementing the procedure already specified for compliance
with exposure.
The exposure limits given in Annex C (informative) are for information only, do not comprise an
exhaustive list and are valid only in certain regions of the world. It is the responsibility of users of
this standard to ensure that they use the current version of the limit values specified by the
applicable national authorities.
—————————
)
1
Figures in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.
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62493 © IEC:2009 – 7 –
ASSESSMENT OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT RELATED TO HUMAN
EXPOSURE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
1 Scope
This International Standard applies to the assessment of lighting equipment related to human
exposure to electromagnetic fields. The assessment consists of the induced current density
for frequencies from 20 kHz to 10 MHz and the specific absorption rate (SAR) for frequencies
from 100 kHz to 300 MHz around lighting equipment.
Included in the scope of this standard are:
– all lighting equipment for general lighting with a primary function of generating and/or
distributing light intended for illumination purposes, and intended either for connection to
the low voltage electricity supply or for battery operation; used indoor and/or outdoor.
General lighting equipment means all industrial, residential and public and street lighting;
– lighting part for general lighting of multi-function equipment where one of the primary
functions of this is illumination;
– independent auxiliaries exclusively for the use with lighting equipment.
Excluded from the scope of this standard are:
– lighting equipment for aircraft and airfields;
– lighting equipment for road vehicles; (except lighting used for the illumination of
passenger compartments in public transport)
– lighting equipment for agriculture;
– lighting equipment for boats/vessels;
– photocopiers, slide projectors;
– apparatus for which the requirements of electromagnetic fields are explicitly formulated in
other IEC standards;
NOTE The methods described in this standard are not suitable for comparing the fields from different lighting
equipment.
This standard does not apply to built-in components for luminaires such as electronic control
gear.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
2)
CISPR 15:2005 , Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of
electrical lighting and similar equipment
Amendment 1 (2006)
Amendment 2 (2008)
—————————
2)
There exists of a consolidated edition 7.2 (2009), including CISPR 15:2005 and its Amendment 1 and
Amendment 2.
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CISPR 16-1-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods. Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus.
CISPR 16-1-2:, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods. Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment, conducted disturbances
CISPR 16-4-2:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods. Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Uncertainty in EMC
measurements
IEC 62311:2007, Assessment of electronic and electrical equipment related to human
exposure restrictions for electromagnetic fields (0 Hz – 300 GHz)
IEEE Std C95.1-2005, IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to
radio frequency electromagnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz
3 Terms, definitions, physical quantities and units
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this standard the following terms and definitions will apply, the
international accepted SI-units are used throughout the standard.
3.1.1
basic restriction (basic limitations)
restrictions on exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields that are
based on established biological effects and including a safety factor. The basic restriction is
the maximum level that should not be exceeded under any conditions.
3.1.2
exposure
exposure occurs whenever and wherever a person is subjected to electric, magnetic or
electromagnetic fields or to contact currents other than those originating from physiological
processes in the body and other natural phenomena.
3.1.3
measurement distance
distance between the lighting equipment and the external surface of the measurement test-
head (see Annex A)
3.1.4
measurement point
position and location of the measurement test-head relative to the lighting equipment
3.1.5
lamp control gear
one or more components between the supply and one or more lamps which may serve to
transform the supply voltage, limit the current of the lamp(s) to the required value, provide
starting voltage and preheating current, prevent cold starting, correct power factor or reduce
radio interference
3.1.6
built-in lamp control gear
lamp control gear generally designed to be built into a luminaire, a box, an enclosure or the
like and not intended to be mounted outside a luminaire, etc. without special precautions. The
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62493 © IEC:2009 – 9 –
control gear compartment in the base of a road lighting column is considered to be an
enclosure
3.1.7
independent lamp control gear
lamp control gear consisting of one or more separate elements so designed that it can be
mounted separately outside a luminaire, with protection according to the marking of the lamp
control gear and without any additional enclosure. This may consist of a built-in lamp control
gear housed in a suitable enclosure that provides all the necessary protection according to its
markings
3.1.8
integral lamp control gear
lamp control gear which forms a non-replaceable part of a luminaire and which cannot be
tested separately from the luminaire.
3.1.9
ballast
unit inserted between the supply and one or more discharge lamps which by means of
inductance, capacitance, or a combination of inductance and capacitance, serves mainly to
limit the current of the lamp(s) to the required value. It may also include means for
transforming the supply voltage and arrangements that help provide starting voltage and pre-
heating current
3.1.10
self-ballasted lamp
unit which can be dismantled without being permanently damaged, provided with a lamp cap
and incorporating a light source and additional elements necessary for starting and for stable
operating of the light source
3.1.11
d.c. supplied electronic ballast
d.c. to a.c inverter using semiconductor devices which may include stabilizing elements for
supplying power to one or more fluorescent lamps
3.1.12
independent electronic converter
lamp control gear consisting of one or more separate elements so designed that it can be
mounted separately outside a lighting equipment, with protection according to the marking of
the lamp control gear and without any additional enclosure. This may consist of a built-in lamp
control gear housed in suitable enclosure that provides all the necessary protection according
to its markings
3.2 Physical quantities and units
The physical quantities and units used in this standard are given in Table 1.
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Table 1 – Physical quantities and units
Quantity Symbol Unit Dimension
ı
Conductivity Siemens per meter S/m
2
Current density J Ampere per square meter A/m
Electric field strength E Volt per meter V/m
Frequency f Hertz Hz
Magnetic field strength H Ampère per meter A/m
2 2
Magnetic flux density B Tesla T (Wb/m , Vs/m )
Power P Watt W
Current I Ampere A
4 Limits
4.1 General
The basic restrictions of the general public of either IEEE C95.1 2005 or ICNIRP 1998 are
used, see Annex C.
4.2 Application of limits
Lighting equipment, as described in the scope, complies with this standard if it fulfils all of the
following requirements:
x CISPR 15:2005:
– § 4.3.1: Disturbance voltage mains terminals in the frequency range from 20 kHz to
30 MHz;
– § 4.4: Radiated electromagnetic disturbances in the frequency range from 100 kHz to
30 MHz;
x CISPR 15:2005, Amendment 1 (2006):
– § 4.4.2: Radiated electromagnetic disturbances in the frequency range from 30 MHz to
300 MHz;
x the measured (weighted and summarized) induced current density due to the electric field
in the frequency range 20 kHz to 10 MHz does not exceed the factor (F) 0,85 as defined in
Annex D.
4.3 Lighting equipment deemed to comply without testing
Lighting equipment without electronic control gear is deemed to comply with the requirements
of the standard without testing.
All kind of ignitors, starters, switches, dimmers (including phase control units e.g. triac, GTO)
and sensors are not considered as electronic control gear.
5 General requirements
5.1 Supply voltage
Measurements shall be carried out within r 2 % of the maximum rated supply voltage.
Equipment which can be operated from an AC- and/or DC supply shall be measured from one
AC supply at a single frequency.
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62493 ” IEC:2009 – 11 –
5.2 Measurement frequency range
The measurement frequency range considered is from 20 kHz to 10 MHz (see Annex E).
5.3 Ambient temperature
Measurements shall be carried out in the ambient temperature range 15 °C to 25 °C.
5.4 Measurement equipment requirements
An
...
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