IEC 62282-3-201:2017

Fuel cell technologies - Part 3-201: Stationary fuel cell power systems - Performance test methods for small fuel cell power systems

IEC 62282-3-201:2017 provides test methods for the electrical, thermal and environmental performance of small stationary fuel cell power systems that meet the following criteria:
- rated electric power output of less than 10 kW;
- grid-connected/independent operation or stand-alone operation with single-phase AC output or 3-phase AC output not exceeding 1 000 V, or DC output not exceeding 1 500 V;
- maximum allowable working pressure of less than 0,1 MPa (gauge) for the fuel and oxidant passages;
- gaseous fuel (natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, propane, butane, hydrogen, etc.) or liquid fuel (kerosene, methanol, etc.);
- air as oxidant.
This document describes type tests and their test methods only. This document covers fuel cell power systems whose primary purpose is the production of electric power.
This new edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: revision of test set-up, revision of measurement instruments, introduction of ramp-up test, introduction of rated operation cycle efficiency, introduction of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test, revision of exhaust gas test, introduction of typical durations of operation cycles.

Technologies des piles à combustible - Partie 3-201: Systèmes à piles à combustible stationnaires - Méthodes d'essai des performances pour petits systèmes à piles à combustible

L’IEC 62282-3-201:2017 fournit des méthodes d'essai relatives aux performances électriques, thermiques et environnementales des petits systèmes à piles à combustible stationnaires qui satisfont aux critères suivants:
- la puissance électrique de sortie assignée est inférieure à 10 kW;
- fonctionnement raccordé au réseau/indépendant ou fonctionnement autonome avec une sortie en courant alternatif monophasé ou une sortie en courant alternatif triphasé ne dépassant pas 1 000 V ou une sortie en courant continu ne dépassant pas 1 500 V;
- pression de fonctionnement admissible maximale inférieure à 0,1 MPa (G) pour les passages du combustible et de l’agent oxydant;
- combustible gazeux (gaz naturel, gaz de pétrole liquéfié, propane, butane, hydrogène, etc.) ou combustible liquide (kérosène, méthanol, etc.);
- air comme agent oxydant.
Le présent document décrit uniquement les essais de type et leurs méthodes d’essai. Le présent document traite des systèmes à piles à combustible dont le but principal est de produire du courant électrique.
Cette nouvelle édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente: révision du montage d’essai, révision des appareils de mesure, introduction de l’essai d’accélération, introduction du rendement du cycle de fonctionnement assigné, introduction de l’essai de compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM), révision de l’essai de gaz d’échappement, introduction des durées types des cycles de fonctionnement.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 02-Feb-2022
• ICS: 27.070 - Fuel cells
• Technical Committee: TC 105 - Fuel cell technologies
• Drafting Committee: MT 202 - TC 105/MT 202
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 10-Aug-2017
• Completion Date: 23-Aug-2017

Relations

• Amended By: IEC 62282-3-201:2017/AMD1:2022 - Amendment 1 - Fuel cell technologies - Part 3-201: Stationary fuel cell power systems - Performance test methods for small fuel cell power systems
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revised: IEC 62282-3-201:2025 - Fuel cell technologies - Part 3-201: Stationary fuel cell power systems - Performance test methods for small fuel cell power systems
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 62282-3-201:2013 - Fuel cell technologies - Part 3-201: Stationary fuel cell power systems - Performance test methods for small fuel cell power systems
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Overview

IEC 62282-3-201:2017, titled Fuel cell technologies - Part 3-201: Stationary fuel cell power systems - Performance test methods for small fuel cell power systems, is an international standard developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). This standard provides comprehensive test methods specifically designed for evaluating the electrical, thermal, and environmental performance of small stationary fuel cell power systems.

The scope of IEC 62282-3-201:2017 covers fuel cell systems with a rated electric power output less than 10 kW. These systems can operate either grid-connected, independent, or as stand-alone units delivering single-phase or three-phase AC output (≤1000 V) or DC output (≤1500 V). The standard applies to systems using gaseous fuels such as natural gas, propane, hydrogen, and liquid fuels like methanol or kerosene, with air employed as the oxidant.

Key Topics

The standard provides type test procedures and test methods focusing on the following critical aspects:

• Test setup and measurement instrumentation: Outlining laboratory and installation conditions requisite for accurate performance evaluation.
• Electrical performance tests: Including fuel consumption tests, electric power output measurements, start-up and shutdown tests, and electric demand-following tests to simulate real operational scenarios.
• Thermal performance tests: Heat recovery and evaluation of thermal efficiencies to optimize system integration in stationary applications.
• Environmental performance: Through noise and exhaust gas emission tests ensuring compliance with environmental standards.
• Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) tests: Assessing system immunity to electrostatic discharge, radiated disturbances, power frequency magnetic fields, and conducted disturbances to ensure reliable operation in varied electromagnetic environments.
• Efficiency calculations: Covering electrical efficiency, heat recovery efficiency, and overall energy efficiency, including estimation methods for long-term operation (up to ten years).
• Operation cycle and ramp-up testing: Introduction of new methods to assess system performance through varying load cycles and dynamic power changes.

These test methods ensure that small stationary fuel cell power systems meet stringent technical and environmental standards prior to deployment.

Applications

IEC 62282-3-201:2017 is intended for use by manufacturers, testing laboratories, certification bodies, and developers involved in the design, production, and validation of small stationary fuel cell power systems with outputs under 10 kW. Practical applications include:

• Distributed power generation in residential or small commercial buildings.
• Backup or off-grid power systems requiring reliable and efficient backup power solutions.
• Combined heat and power (CHP) systems where electrical and thermal energy recovery improves overall system efficiency.
• Fuel cell stack and system performance verification during development and pre-commercial testing phases.
• Ensuring compliance with electromagnetic compatibility and environmental regulations before market deployment.

By adhering to this standard, stakeholders can confidently assess and optimize the performance, durability, and environmental impacts of small fuel cell power installations.

Related Standards

For comprehensive evaluation and integration of fuel cell technologies, IEC 62282-3-201:2017 aligns with other international standards and technical documents relevant to fuel cells, including:

• IEC 62282 series: Covering broader fuel cell technologies, including system integration and safety requirements.
• IEC 61000 series: Related to electromagnetic compatibility testing and requirements.
• ISO 14687: Specifications for hydrogen fuel quality used in fuel cell systems.
• EN standards and other national technical guidelines related to noise emissions, exhaust gases, and energy efficiency.

Together, these standards facilitate a holistic approach to the design, testing, and certification of fuel cell power systems in stationary applications.

---

IEC 62282-3-201:2017 is an essential standard for the evolving landscape of fuel cell technology, providing precise and internationally recognized methods for verifying the performance and compliance of small stationary fuel cell power units. Its application supports the advancement of efficient, low-emission, and reliable distributed energy solutions worldwide.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 62282-3-201 ®
Edition 2.0 2017-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 3-201: Stationary fuel cell power systems – Performance test methods
for small fuel cell power systems

Technologies des piles à combustible –
Partie 3-201: Systèmes à piles à combustible stationnaires – Méthodes d’essai
des performances pour petits systèmes à piles à combustible

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IEC 62282-3-201 ®
Edition 2.0 2017-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 3-201: Stationary fuel cell power systems – Performance test methods

for small fuel cell power systems

Technologies des piles à combustible –

Partie 3-201: Systèmes à piles à combustible stationnaires – Méthodes d’essai

des performances pour petits systèmes à piles à combustible

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.070 ISBN 978-2-8322-4632-0

– 2 – IEC 62282-3-201:2017 © IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Symbols . 15
5 Configuration of small stationary fuel cell power system . 19
6 Reference conditions . 20
7 Heating value base . 20
8 Test preparation . 21
8.1 General . 21
8.2 Uncertainty analysis . 21
8.3 Data acquisition plan . 21
9 Test set-up . 21
10 Instruments and measurement methods . 23
10.1 General . 23
10.2 Measurement instruments . 24
10.3 Measurement points . 24
10.4 Minimum required measurement systematic uncertainty . 26
11 Test conditions . 26
11.1 Laboratory conditions . 26
11.2 Installation and operating conditions of the system . 27
11.3 Power source conditions . 27
11.4 Test fuel . 27
12 Operating process . 27
13 Test plan . 29
14 Type tests on electric/thermal performance . 30
14.1 General . 30
14.2 Fuel consumption test . 30
14.2.1 Gaseous fuel consumption test . 30
14.2.2 Liquid fuel consumption test . 33
14.3 Electric power output test . 34
14.3.1 General . 34
14.3.2 Test method . 34
14.3.3 Calculation of average net electric power output . 34
14.4 Heat recovery test . 34
14.4.1 General . 34
14.4.2 Test method . 35
14.4.3 Calculation of average recovered thermal power . 35
14.5 Start-up test . 36
14.5.1 General . 36
14.5.2 Determination of state of charge of the battery . 36
14.5.3 Test method . 37
14.5.4 Calculation of results . 39

14.6 Ramp-up test . 40
14.6.1 General . 40
14.6.2 Test method . 41
14.6.3 Calculation of results . 41
14.7 Storage state test . 42
14.7.1 General . 42
14.7.2 Test method . 42
14.7.3 Calculation of average electric power input in storage state . 42
14.8 Electric power output change test . 42
14.8.1 General . 42
14.8.2 Test method . 42
14.8.3 Calculation of electric power output change rate . 44
14.9 Shutdown test . 45
14.9.1 General . 45
14.9.2 Test method . 45
14.9.3 Calculation of results . 46
14.10 Computation of efficiency . 47
14.10.1 General . 47
14.10.2 Electrical efficiency . 47
14.10.3 Heat recovery efficiency . 47
14.10.4 Overall energy efficiency . 48
14.11 Rated operation cycle efficiency . 48
14.11.1 General . 48
14.11.2 Calculation of the operation cycle fuel energy input . 48
14.11.3 Calculation of the operation cycle net electric energy output . 49
14.11.4 Calculation of the operation cycle electrical efficiency . 50
14.12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test . 50
14.12.1 General requirement . 50
14.12.2 Electrostatic discharge immunity test . 51
14.12.3 Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test . 51
14.12.4 Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test . 51
14.12.5 Surge immunity test . 51
14.12.6 Immunity test of conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency
fields . 51
14.12.7 Power frequency magnetic field immunity test . 51
14.12.8 Voltage dips and voltage interruptions . 51
14.12.9 Radiated disturbance (emission) measurement test . 52
14.12.10 Conducted disturbance (emission) measurement test . 52
14.12.11 Power line harmonics emission measurement test . 52
15 Type tests on environmental performance . 52
15.1 General . 52
15.2 Noise test . 52
15.2.1 General . 52
15.2.2 Test conditions . 52
15.2.3 Test method . 54
15.2.4 Processing of data . 54
15.3 Exhaust gas test . 54
15.3.1 General . 54
15.3.2 Components to be measured . 54

– 4 – IEC 62282-3-201:2017 © IEC 2017
15.3.3 Test method . 55
15.3.4 Processing of data . 55
15.4 Discharge water test . 65
15.4.1 General . 65
15.4.2 Test method . 65
16 Test reports . 65
16.1 General . 65
16.2 Title page . 65
16.3 Table of contents . 66
16.4 Summary report . 66
Annex A (normative) Heating values for components of natural gases . 67
Annex B (informative) Examples of composition for natural gases and propane gases . 69
Annex C (informative) Example of a test operation schedule . 71
Annex D (informative) Typical exhaust gas components . 72
Annex E (informative) Guidelines for the contents of detailed and full reports . 73
E.1 General . 73
E.2 Detailed report . 73
E.3 Full report . 73
Annex F (informative) Selected duration of rated power operation . 74
Bibliography . 75

Figure 1 – Symbol diagram . 17
Figure 2 – General configuration of small stationary fuel cell power system . 20
Figure 3 – Test set-up for small stationary fuel cell power system fed with gaseous
fuel which supplies electricity and useful heat . 22
Figure 4 – Test set-up for small stationary fuel cell power system fed with gaseous
fuel which supplies only electricity . 23
Figure 5 – Operating states of stationary fuel cell power system without battery . 28
Figure 6 – Operating states of stationary fuel cell power system with battery . 29
Figure 7 – Example of electric power chart during start-up time for system without
battery . 37
Figure 8 – Example of electric power chart during start-up time for system with battery . 38
Figure 9 – Example of liquid fuel supply systems . 39
Figure 10 – Example of electric power chart during ramp-up for system without battery . 41
Figure 11 – Electric power output change pattern for system without battery . 43
Figure 12 – Electric power output change pattern for system with battery . 44
Figure 13 – Example for electric power change stabilization criteria . 44
Figure 14 – Electric power chart during shutdown time . 46
Figure 15 – Noise measurement points for small stationary fuel cell power systems . 53

Table 1 – Symbols and their meanings for electric/thermal performance . 15
Table 2 – Additional symbols and their meanings for environmental performance . 18
Table 3 – Compensation of readings against the effect of background noise . 53
Table A.1 – Heating values for components of natural gases at various combustion
reference conditions for ideal gas . 67
Table B.1 – Example of composition for natural gas (%) . 69

Table B.2 – Example of composition for propane gas (%) . 70
Table C.1 – Example of a test operation schedule . 71
Table D.1 – Typical exhaust gas components to be expected for typical fuels . 72
Table F.1 – Selected duration of rated power operation . 74

– 6 – IEC 62282-3-201:2017 © IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 3-201: Stationary fuel cell power systems –
Performance test methods for small fuel cell power systems

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62282-3-201 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105:
Fuel cell technologies.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Revision of definitions
b) Revision of symbols (Clause 4, in accordance with ISO/IEC 80000 series and ISO/IEC
Directives Part 2);
c) Revision of Figures 2, 5 and 6;
d) Revision of test set-up (Clause 9);

e) Revision of measurement instruments (Clause 10);
f) Introduction of ramp-up test (14.6);
g) Introduction of rated operation cycle efficiency (14.11);
h) Introduction of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test (14.12);
i) Revision of exhaust gas test (15.3);
j) Introduction of typical durations of operation cycles (Annex F).
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
105/564/CDV 105/623/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62282 series, published under the general title Fuel cell
technologies, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 8 – IEC 62282-3-201:2017 © IEC 2017
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 62282 provides consistent and repeatable test methods for the electrical,
thermal and environmental performance of small stationary fuel cell power systems.
This document limits its scope to small stationary fuel cell power systems (electrical power
output below 10 kW) and provides test methods specifically designed for them in detail. It is
based on IEC 62282-3-200, which generally describes performance test methods that are
common to all types of fuel cells.
This document is intended for manufacturers of small stationary fuel cell power systems
and/or those who evaluate the performance of their systems for certification purposes.
Users of this document may selectively execute test items that are suitable for their purposes
from those described in this document. This document is not intended to exclude any other
methods.
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 3-201: Stationary fuel cell power systems –
Performance test methods for small fuel cell power systems

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62282 provides test methods for the electrical, thermal and environmental
performance of small stationary fuel cell power systems that meet the following criteria:
• output: rated electric power output of less than 10 kW;
• output mode: grid-connected/independent operation or stand-alone operation with single-
phase AC output or 3-phase AC output not exceeding 1 000 V, or DC output not exceeding
1 500 V;
NOTE The limit of 1 000 V for alternating current comes from the definition for "low voltage" given in
IEC 60050-601:1985, 601-01-26.
• operating pressure: maximum allowable working pressure of less than 0,1 MPa (gauge) for
the fuel and oxidant passages;
• fuel: gaseous fuel (natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, propane, butane, hydrogen, etc.)
or liquid fuel (kerosene, methanol, etc.);
• oxidant: air.
This document describes type tests and their test methods only. No routine tests are required
or identified, and no performance targets are set in this document.
This document covers fuel cell power systems whose primary purpose is the production of
electric power and whose secondary purpose may be the utilization of heat. Accordingly, fuel
cell power systems for which the use of heat is primary and the use of electric power is
secondary are outside the scope of this document.
All systems with integrated batteries are covered by this document. This includes systems
where batteries are recharged internally or recharged from an external source.
This document does not cover additional auxiliary heat generators that produce thermal
energy.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
CISPR 11, Industrial, scientific and medical equipment – Radio-frequency disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
IEC 61000-3-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for harmonic
current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase)
IEC 61000-4-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-2: Testing and measurement
techniques – Electrostatic discharge immunity test

– 10 – IEC 62282-3-201:2017 © IEC 2017
IEC 61000-4-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-3: Testing and measurement
techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
IEC 61000-4-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-4: Testing and measurement
techniques – Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test
IEC 61000-4-5, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-5: Testing and measurement
techniques – Surge immunity test
IEC 61000-4-6, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-6: Testing and measurement
techniques – Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
IEC 61000-4-8, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-8: Testing and measurement
techniques – Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
IEC 61000-4-11, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-11: Testing and measurement
techniques – Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests
IEC 61000-6-1:2005, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-1: Generic standards –
Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
IEC 62282-3-200:2015, Fuel cell technologies – Part 3-200: Stationary fuel cell power
systems – Performance test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
noise level
sound pressure level produced by the fuel cell power system
Note 1 to entry: Expressed as decibels (dB) and measured as described in 15.2.
3.2
background noise level
sound pressure level of ambient noise at the measurement point
Note 1 to entry: This measurement is taken as described in 15.2 with the fuel cell power system in the cold state.
3.3
battery
electrochemical energy storage device that provides energy input to auxiliary machines and
equipment necessary to operate the fuel cell power system and/or provides electric energy
output
Note 1 to entry: Back-up batteries for control software memory and similar applications are not included.
3.4
cold state
state of a fuel cell power system at ambient temperature with no power input or output, ready
for start-up
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.110.1, modified — "ready for start-up" added.]
3.5
mass discharge rate
mass of discharged exhaust gas component per unit of time
3.6
discharge water
water that is discharged from the fuel cell power system including waste water and
condensate
Note 1 to entry: Discharge water does not constitute part of a thermal recovery system.
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 2.2, modified — Note 1 to entry added.]
3.7
electrical efficiency
ratio of the average net electric power output produced by a fuel cell power system to the
average fuel power input supplied to the fuel cell power system
Note 1 to entry: Lower heating value (LHV) is assumed unless otherwise stated
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.30.1, modified — “average” added to “net electric power
output”; “average fuel power input” instead of “total enthalpy flow”.]
3.8
electric energy input
integrated value of electric power input at the electric input terminal
3.9
electric energy output
integrated value of electric power output at the electric output terminal
3.10
electric power input
electric power input at the electric input terminal of the fuel cell power system
3.11
electric power output
electric power output at the electric output terminal of the fuel cell power system
3.12
fuel cell power system
generator system that uses one or more fuel cell module(s) to generate electric power and
heat
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.49, modified –— Note 1 to entry deleted.]
3.13
fuel input
amount of natural gas, hydrogen, methanol, liquid petroleum gas, propane, butane, or other
material containing chemical energy entering the fuel cell power system while it is working at
the specified operating conditions
3.14
fuel power input
fuel energy input per unit of time

– 12 – IEC 62282-3-201:2017 © IEC 2017
3.15
heat recovery efficiency
ratio of the average recovered thermal power output of a fuel cell power system to the
average total power input supplied to the fuel cell power system
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.30.3, modified — “average recovered thermal power
output” instead of “recovered heat flow”; “average total power input” instead of “total enthalpy
flow”; Note 1 to entry deleted.]
3.16
heat recovery fluid
fluid circulating between the fuel cell power system and a heat sink for recovering the thermal
energy output
3.17
inert purge gas
inert gas or dilution gas, not containing chemical energy, supplied to the fuel cell power
system during specific conditions to make it ready for operation or shutdown
Note 1 to entry: Dilution gas containing chemical energy shall be considered as fuel.
3.18
integrated fuel input
volume or mass of fuel consumed by the fuel cell power system under specified operating
conditions
3.19
interface point
measurement point at the boundary of a fuel cell power system at which material and/or
energy either enters or leaves
Note 1 to entry: This boundary is intentionally selected to accurately measure the performance of the system. If
necessary, the boundary or the interface points of the fuel cell power system (Figure 2) to be assessed should be
determined by agreement of the parties.
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.65]
3.20
mass concentration
concentration of mass of exhaust gas component per unit of volume
3.21
minimum electric power output
minimum net power output, at which a fuel cell power system is able to operate continuously
at a steady state
3.22
net electric power output
power generated by the fuel cell power system available for external use
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.85.3, modified — “output” added to the term, Notes 1 and
2 to entry deleted.]
3.23
rated electric power output
maximum continuous electric power output that a fuel cell power system is designed to
achieve under normal operating conditions specified by the manufacturer

[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.85.4, modified — “electric” and “output” added to the term,
Note 1 to entry deleted.]
3.24
operation cycle
complete sequence of successive operation phases of a fuel cell power system comprising
start-up, ramp-up, rated operation and shutdown
3.25
operation cycle electrical efficiency
ratio of the net electric energy output of a fuel cell power system to the fuel energy fed to the
same fuel cell power system during a complete operation cycle comprising start-up, ramp-up,
rated operation and shutdown
3.26
overall energy efficiency
ratio of total usable power output (net electric power and recovered thermal power) to the
average total power input supplied to the fuel cell power system
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.30.4 modified — alternative expression “or total thermal
efficiency” deleted; “power output” instead of “energy flow”; “average total power input”
instead of “total enthalpy flow”; Note 1 to entry deleted.]
3.27
pre-generation state
state of a fuel cell power system being at sufficient operating temperature and in such an
operational mode, with zero electric power output, that the fuel cell power system is capable
of being promptly switched to an operational state with substantial electric active power
output
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.110.4]
3.28
ramp-up energy
electric and/or chemical (fuel) energy required for transitioning from positive net electric
power output after start-up to rated net electric power output
3.29
ramp-up time
duration required for transitioning from positive net electric power output after start-up to
rated net electric power output
3.30
recovered heat
thermal energy that has been recovered for useful purpose
Note 1 to entry: The recovered heat is measured by determining the temperatures and flow rates of the heat
recovery fluid (water, steam, air or oil, etc.) entering and leaving the thermal energy recovery subsystem at the
interface point of the fuel cell power system.
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 2.2, modified — Note 1 to entry added.]
3.31
recovered thermal power
recovered heat per unit of time
3.32
shutdown energy
sum of electric and/or chemical (fuel) energy required during the shutdown time

– 14 – IEC 62282-3-201:2017 © IEC 2017
3.33
shutdown time
duration between the instant when a shutdown action is initiated at rated electric power output
and the instant when the cold state or storage state, as specified by the manufacturer, is
attained
Note 1 to entry: The shutdown operation is classified into types: normal shutdown and emergency shutdown.
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.115.4, modified — “a shutdown action is initiated at rated
electric power output” instead of “the load is removed”; “the cold state or storage state is
attained” instead of “the shutdown is completed”.]
3.34
start-up energy
a) sum of electric, thermal and/or chemical (fuel)
energy required for transitioning from cold state or storage state to positive net electric
power output; and
b) sum of electric, thermal and/or chemical (fuel)
energy required for recharging the battery, which is discharged to supply rated electric
power output during start-up time, to a known nominal state of charge
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.109, modified with addition of domain — case b) added,
“for transitioning from cold state or storage state to positive net electric power output” instead
of “during the start -up time”.]
3.35
start-up time
a) for fuel cell power systems that do not require external energy to maintain storage state,
duration required for transitioning from cold state to positive net electric power output;
and
b) for fuel cell power systems that require external energy to maintain storage state,
duration required for transitioning from storage state to positive net electric power
output
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.115.5, modified — “positive” added]
3.36
stationary fuel cell power system
fuel cell power system that is connected and fixed in place
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.49.3]
3.37
storage state
state of a fuel cell power system being non-operational and possibly requiring, under
conditions specified by the manufacturer, the input of thermal and/or electric energy and/or an
inert atmosphere in order to prevent deterioration of the components and/or energize the
control systems and other components, and is ready for start-up
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.110.6, modified — “and/or energize the control systems
and other components, and is ready for start-up” added.]
3.38
test run
testing phase in which data points required for the computation of test results are recorded

3.39
thermal storage unit
unit that stores heat recovered from the fuel cell power system in the thermal storage medium
and supplies the heat with heat carrier externally as needed
Note 1 to entry:
...

IEC 62282-3-201 ®
Edition 2.1 2022-02
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
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Fuel cell technologies –
Part 3-201: Stationary fuel cell power systems – Performance test methods for
small fuel cell power systems
Technologies des piles à combustible –
Partie 3-201: Systèmes à piles à combustible stationnaires – Méthodes d’essai
des performances pour petits systèmes à piles à combustible

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IEC 62282-3-201 ®
Edition 2.1 2022-02
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 3-201: Stationary fuel cell power systems – Performance test methods for
small fuel cell power systems
Technologies des piles à combustible –
Partie 3-201: Systèmes à piles à combustible stationnaires – Méthodes d’essai
des performances pour petits systèmes à piles à combustible
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.070 ISBN 978-2-8322-5292-5

IEC 62282-3-201 ®
Edition 2.1 2022-02
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 3-201: Stationary fuel cell power systems – Performance test methods for
small fuel cell power systems
Technologies des piles à combustible –
Partie 3-201: Systèmes à piles à combustible stationnaires – Méthodes d’essai
des performances pour petits systèmes à piles à combustible

– 2 – IEC 62282-3-201:2017+AMD1:2022 CSV
© IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
INTRODUCTION to Amendment 1 . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Symbols . 15
5 Configuration of small stationary fuel cell power system . 20
6 Reference conditions . 20
7 Heating value base . 20
8 Test preparation . 21
8.1 General . 21
8.2 Uncertainty analysis . 21
8.3 Data acquisition plan . 21
9 Test set-up . 21
10 Instruments and measurement methods . 23
10.1 General . 23
10.2 Measurement instruments . 24
10.3 Measurement points . 24
10.4 Minimum required measurement systematic uncertainty . 26
11 Test conditions . 26
11.1 Laboratory conditions . 26
11.2 Installation and operating conditions of the system . 27
11.3 Power source conditions . 27
11.4 Test fuel . 27
12 Operating process . 27
13 Test plan . 29
14 Type tests on electric/ and thermal performance . 30
14.1 General . 30
14.2 Fuel consumption test . 30
14.2.1 Gaseous fuel consumption test . 30
14.2.2 Liquid fuel consumption test . 33
14.3 Electric power output test . 34
14.3.1 General . 34
14.3.2 Test method . 34
14.3.3 Calculation of average net electric power output . 34
14.4 Heat recovery test . 34
14.4.1 General . 34
14.4.2 Test method . 35
14.4.3 Calculation of average recovered thermal power . 35
14.5 Start-up test . 36
14.5.1 General . 36
14.5.2 Determination of state of charge of the battery . 36
14.5.3 Test method . 37

© IEC 2022
14.5.4 Calculation of results . 39
14.6 Ramp-up test . 40
14.6.1 General . 40
14.6.2 Test method . 41
14.6.3 Calculation of results . 41
Storage state test . 42
14.7
14.7.1 General . 42
14.7.2 Test method . 42
14.7.3 Calculation of average electric power input in storage state . 42
14.8 Electric power output change test . 42
14.8.1 General . 42
14.8.2 Test method . 42
14.8.3 Calculation of electric power output change rate . 44
14.9 Shutdown test . 45
14.9.1 General . 45
14.9.2 Test method . 45
14.9.3 Calculation of results . 46
14.10 Computation of efficiency . 47
14.10.1 General . 47
14.10.2 Electrical efficiency . 47
14.10.3 Heat recovery efficiency . 47
14.10.4 Overall energy efficiency . 48
14.11 Rated operation cycle efficiency . 48
14.11.1 General . 48
14.11.2 Calculation of the operation cycle fuel energy input . 48
14.11.3 Calculation of the operation cycle net electric energy output . 49
14.11.4 Calculation of the operation cycle electrical efficiency . 50
14.12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test . 50
14.12.1 General requirement . 50
14.12.2 Electrostatic discharge immunity test . 51
14.12.3 Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test . 51
14.12.4 Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test . 51
14.12.5 Surge immunity test . 51
14.12.6 Immunity test of conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency
fields . 51
14.12.7 Power frequency magnetic field immunity test . 51
14.12.8 Voltage dips and voltage interruptions . 51
14.12.9 Radiated disturbance (emission) measurement test . 52
14.12.10 Conducted disturbance (emission) measurement test . 52
14.12.11 Power line harmonics emission measurement test . 52
14.13 Estimation of electric and heat recovery efficiency up to ten years of

operation . 52
14.13.1 General . 52
14.13.2 Test method . 53
14.13.3 Calculation of estimated electric efficiency . 54
14.13.4 Calculation of estimated heat recovery efficiency . 56
14.14 Electric demand-following test . 56
14.14.1 General . 56
14.14.2 Electric demand profile . 56

– 4 – IEC 62282-3-201:2017+AMD1:2022 CSV
© IEC 2022
14.14.3 Test method . 57
14.14.4 Calculation of results . 58
14.14.5 Calculation of efficiencies . 59
15 Type tests on environmental performance . 59
15.1 General . 59
15.2 Noise test . 59
15.2.1 General . 59
15.2.2 Test conditions . 59
15.2.3 Test method . 60
15.2.4 Processing of data . 61
15.3 Exhaust gas test . 61
15.3.1 General . 61
15.3.2 Components to be measured . 61
15.3.3 Test method . 61
15.3.4 Processing of data . 62
15.4 Discharge water test . 71
15.4.1 General . 71
15.4.2 Test method . 71
16 Test reports . 72
16.1 General . 72
16.2 Title page . 72
16.3 Table of contents . 72
16.4 Summary report . 72
Annex A (normative) Heating values for components of natural gases . 74
Annex B (informative) Examples of composition for natural gases and propane gases . 76
Annex C (informative) Example of a test operation schedule . 78
Annex D (informative) Typical exhaust gas components . 79
Annex E (informative) Guidelines for the contents of detailed and full reports . 80
E.1 General . 80
E.2 Detailed report . 80
E.3 Full report . 80
Annex F (informative) Selected duration of rated power operation . 81
Bibliography . 82

Figure 1 – Symbol diagram . 18
Figure 2 – General configuration of small stationary fuel cell power system . 20
Figure 3 – Test set-up for small stationary fuel cell power system fed with gaseous
fuel which supplies electricity and useful heat . 22
Figure 4 – Test set-up for small stationary fuel cell power system fed with gaseous

fuel which supplies only electricity . 23
Figure 5 – Operating states of stationary fuel cell power system without battery . 28
Figure 6 – Operating states of stationary fuel cell power system with battery . 29
Figure 7 – Example of electric power chart during start-up time for system without
battery . 37
Figure 8 – Example of electric power chart during start-up time for system with battery . 38
Figure 9 – Example of liquid fuel supply systems . 39
Figure 10 – Example of electric power chart during ramp-up for system without battery . 41

© IEC 2022
Figure 11 – Electric power output change pattern for system without battery . 43
Figure 12 – Electric power output change pattern for system with battery . 44
Figure 13 – Example for electric power change stabilization criteria . 44
Figure 14 – Electric power chart during shutdown time . 46
Figure 16 – Example of electric efficiency during ten years of operation . 53
Figure 17 – Example of the electric demand of a residential application . 57
Figure 15 – Noise measurement points for small stationary fuel cell power systems . 60

Table 1 – Symbols and their meanings for electric/ and thermal performance . 15
Table 2 – Additional symbols and their meanings for environmental performance . 18
Table 3 – Compensation of readings against the effect of background noise . 60
Table A.1 – Heating values for components of natural gases at various combustion
reference conditions for ideal gas . 74
Table B.1 – Example of composition for natural gas (%) . 76
Table B.2 – Example of composition for propane gas (%) . 77
Table C.1 – Example of a test operation schedule . 78
Table D.1 – Typical exhaust gas components to be expected for typical fuels . 79
Table F.1 – Selected duration of rated power operation . 81

– 6 – IEC 62282-3-201:2017+AMD1:2022 CSV
© IEC 2022
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 3-201: Stationary fuel cell power systems –
Performance test methods for small fuel cell power systems

FOREWORD
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendment has been
prepared for user convenience.
IEC 62282-3-201 edition 2.1 contains the second edition (2017-08) [documents
105/564/CDV and 105/623/RVC] and its amendment 1 (2022-02) [documents 105/839/CDV
and 105/866/RVC].
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content
is modified by amendment 1. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough
red text. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this
publication.
© IEC 2022
International Standard IEC 62282-3-201 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105:
Fuel cell technologies.
This second edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Revision of definitions
b) Revision of symbols (Clause 4, in accordance with ISO/IEC 80000 series and ISO/IEC
Directives Part 2);
c) Revision of Figures 2, 5 and 6;
d) Revision of test set-up (Clause 9);
e) Revision of measurement instruments (Clause 10);
f) Introduction of ramp-up test (14.6);
g) Introduction of rated operation cycle efficiency (14.11);
h) Introduction of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test (14.12);
i) Revision of exhaust gas test (15.3);
j) Introduction of typical durations of operation cycles (Annex F).
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62282 series, published under the general title Fuel cell
technologies, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendment will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under webstore.iec.ch
in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 8 – IEC 62282-3-201:2017+AMD1:2022 CSV
© IEC 2022
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 62282 provides consistent and repeatable test methods for the electrical,
thermal and environmental performance of small stationary fuel cell power systems.
This document limits its scope to small stationary fuel cell power systems (electrical power
output below 10 kW) and provides test methods specifically designed for them in detail. It is
based on IEC 62282-3-200, which generally describes performance test methods that are
common to all types of fuel cells.
This document is intended for manufacturers of small stationary fuel cell power systems
and/or those who evaluate the performance of their systems for certification purposes.
Users of this document may selectively execute test items that are suitable for their purposes
from those described in this document. This document is not intended to exclude any other
methods.
INTRODUCTION to Amendment 1
This amendment to IEC 62282-3-201:2017 provides a method of estimating the electric and
heat recovery efficiency of small stationary fuel cell power systems for a duration of up to ten
years of operation. Furthermore, this amendment to IEC 62282-3-201:2017 provides an
evaluation method for electric demand-following small stationary fuel cell power systems,
which are operating at changing levels of power output. It has been developed as a reference
for the life cycle assessment calculations in IEC TS 62282-9-101.

© IEC 2022
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 3-201: Stationary fuel cell power systems –
Performance test methods for small fuel cell power systems

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62282 provides test methods for the electrical, thermal and environmental
performance of small stationary fuel cell power systems that meet the following criteria:
• output: rated electric power output of less than 10 kW;
• output mode: grid-connected/independent operation or stand-alone operation with single-
phase AC output or 3-phase AC output not exceeding 1 000 V, or DC output not exceeding
1 500 V;
NOTE The limit of 1 000 V for alternating current comes from the definition for "low voltage" given in
IEC 60050-601:1985, 601-01-26.
• operating pressure: maximum allowable working pressure of less than 0,1 MPa (gauge) for
the fuel and oxidant passages;
• fuel: gaseous fuel (natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, propane, butane, hydrogen, etc.)
or liquid fuel (kerosene, methanol, etc.);
• oxidant: air.
This document describes type tests and their test methods only. No routine tests are required
or identified, and no performance targets are set in this document.
This document covers fuel cell power systems whose primary purpose is the production of
electric power and whose secondary purpose may be the utilization of heat. Accordingly, fuel
cell power systems for which the use of heat is primary and the use of electric power is
secondary are outside the scope of this document.
All systems with integrated batteries are covered by this document. This includes systems
where batteries are recharged internally or recharged from an external source.
This document does not cover additional auxiliary heat generators that produce thermal
energy.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
CISPR 11, Industrial, scientific and medical equipment – Radio-frequency disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
IEC 61000-3-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for harmonic
current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase)
IEC 61000-4-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-2: Testing and measurement
techniques – Electrostatic discharge immunity test

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© IEC 2022
IEC 61000-4-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-3: Testing and measurement
techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
IEC 61000-4-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-4: Testing and measurement
techniques – Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test
IEC 61000-4-5, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-5: Testing and measurement
techniques – Surge immunity test
IEC 61000-4-6, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-6: Testing and measurement
techniques – Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
IEC 61000-4-8, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-8: Testing and measurement
techniques – Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
IEC 61000-4-11, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-11: Testing and measurement
techniques – Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests
IEC 61000-6-1:2005, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-1: Generic standards –
Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
IEC 62282-3-200:2015, Fuel cell technologies – Part 3-200: Stationary fuel cell power
systems – Performance test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
noise level
sound pressure level produced by the fuel cell power system
Note 1 to entry: Expressed as decibels (dB) and measured as described in 15.2.
3.2
background noise level
sound pressure level of ambient noise at the measurement point
Note 1 to entry: This measurement is taken as described in 15.2 with the fuel cell power system in the cold state.
3.3
battery
electrochemical energy storage device that provides energy input to auxiliary machines and
equipment necessary to operate the fuel cell power system and/or provides electric energy
output
Note 1 to entry: Back-up batteries for control software memory and similar applications are not included.
3.4
cold state
state of a fuel cell power system at ambient temperature with no power input or output, ready
for start-up
© IEC 2022
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.110.1, modified — "ready for start-up" added.]
3.5
mass discharge rate
mass of discharged exhaust gas component per unit of time
3.6
discharge water
water that is discharged from the fuel cell power system including waste water and
condensate
Note 1 to entry: Discharge water does not constitute part of a thermal recovery system.
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 2.2, modified — Note 1 to entry added.]
3.7
electrical efficiency
ratio of the average net electric power output produced by a fuel cell power system to the
average fuel power input supplied to the fuel cell power system
Note 1 to entry: Lower heating value (LHV) is assumed unless otherwise stated
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.30.1, modified — “average” added to “net electric power
output”; “average fuel power input” instead of “total enthalpy flow”.]
3.8
electric energy input
integrated value of electric power input at the electric input terminal
3.9
electric energy output
integrated value of electric power output at the electric output terminal
3.10
electric power input
electric power input at the electric input terminal of the fuel cell power system
3.11
electric power output
electric power output at the electric output terminal of the fuel cell power system
3.12
fuel cell power system
generator system that uses one or more fuel cell module(s) to generate electric power and
heat
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.49, modified –— Note 1 to entry deleted.]
3.13
fuel input
amount of natural gas, hydrogen, methanol, liquid petroleum gas, propane, butane, or other
material containing chemical energy entering the fuel cell power system while it is working at
the specified operating conditions
3.14
fuel power input
fuel energy input per unit of time

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3.15
heat recovery efficiency
ratio of the average recovered thermal power output of a fuel cell power system to the
average total power input supplied to the fuel cell power system
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.30.3, modified — “average recovered thermal power
output” instead of “recovered heat flow”; “average total power input” instead of “total enthalpy
flow”; Note 1 to entry deleted.]
3.16
heat recovery fluid
fluid circulating between the fuel cell power system and a heat sink for recovering the thermal
energy output
3.17
inert purge gas
inert gas or dilution gas, not containing chemical energy, supplied to the fuel cell power
system during specific conditions to make it ready for operation or shutdown
Note 1 to entry: Dilution gas containing chemical energy shall be considered as fuel.
3.18
integrated fuel input
volume or mass of fuel consumed by the fuel cell power system under specified operating
conditions
3.19
interface point
measurement point at the boundary of a fuel cell power system at which material and/or
energy either enters or leaves
Note 1 to entry: This boundary is intentionally selected to accurately measure the performance of the system. If
necessary, the boundary or the interface points of the fuel cell power system (Figure 2) to be assessed should be
determined by agreement of the parties.
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.65]
3.20
mass concentration
concentration of mass of exhaust gas component per unit of volume
3.21
minimum electric power output
minimum net power output, at which a fuel cell power system is able to operate continuously
at a steady state
3.22
net electric power output
power generated by the fuel cell power system available for external use
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.85.3, modified — “output” added to the term, Notes 1 and
2 to entry deleted.]
3.23
rated electric power output
maximum continuous electric power output that a fuel cell power system is designed to
achieve under normal operating conditions specified by the manufacturer

© IEC 2022
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.85.4, modified — “electric” and “output” added to the term,
Note 1 to entry deleted.]
3.24
operation cycle
complete sequence of successive operation phases of a fuel cell power system comprising
start-up, ramp-up, rated operation and shutdown
3.25
operation cycle electrical efficiency
ratio of the net electric energy output of a fuel cell power system to the fuel energy fed to the
same fuel cell power system during a complete operation cycle comprising start-up, ramp-up,
rated operation and shutdown
3.26
overall energy efficiency
ratio of total usable power output (net electric power and recovered thermal power) to the
average total power input supplied to the fuel cell power system
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.30.4 modified — alternative expression “or total thermal
efficiency” deleted; “power output” instead of “energy flow”; “average total power input”
instead of “total enthalpy flow”; Note 1 to entry deleted.]
3.27
pre-generation state
state of a fuel cell power system being at sufficient operating temperature and in such an
operational mode, with zero electric power output, that the fuel cell power system is capable
of being promptly switched to an operational state with substantial electric active power
output
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 3.110.4]
3.28
ramp-up energy
electric and/or chemical (fuel) energy required for transitioning from positive net electric
power output after start-up to rated net electric power output
3.29
ramp-up time
duration required for transitioning from positive net electric power output after start-up to
rated net electric power output
3.30
recovered heat
thermal energy that has been recovered for useful purpose
Note 1 to entry: The recovered heat is measured by determining the temperatures and flow rates of the heat
recovery fluid (water, steam, air or oil, etc.) entering and leaving the thermal energy recovery subsystem at the
interface point of the fuel cell power system.
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62282-1:2013, 2.2, modified — Note 1 to entry added.]
3.31
recovered thermal power
recovered heat per unit of time
3.32
shutdown energy
sum of electric and/or chemical (fuel) energy required during the shutdown time

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3.33
shutdown time
duration between the instant when a shutdown action is initiated at rated electric power output
and the instant when the cold state or storage state, as specified by the manufacturer, is
attained
Note 1 to entry: The shutdown operation is c
...