IEC TR 61000-5-1:2023

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 5-1: Installation and mitigation guidelines - General considerations

IEC TR 61000-5-1:2023 which is a technical report, covers general considerations and guidelines on mitigation methods aimed at ensuring electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) among electrical and electronic apparatus or systems used in industrial, commercial, and residential installations. This document is intended for use by all using and installing sensitive electrical or electronic installations and systems, and equipment with high emission levels that could degrade the overall electromagnetic (EM) environment. It applies primarily to new installations, but also applies during modifications or enhancements of legacy installations. Specific topics, such as recommendations on the design and implementation of the earthing system, including the earth electrode and the earth network, the design and implementation of bonding apparatus or systems to earth or to the earth network, the selection and installation of appropriate cables, and the design and implementation mitigation means involving shielded enclosures, high-frequency filters, isolating transformers, surge-protective devices, etc., will be addressed in other parts of IEC 61000-5. Within this document the fundamental measures will be described. The practices presented in this document address the EMC concerns of the installation, not the safety aspects of the installation nor the efficient transportation of power within the installation. Nevertheless, these two prime objectives are taken into consideration in the technical observations concerning EMC. These two primary objectives can be implemented concurrently for enhanced EMC of the installed sensitive apparatus or systems without conflict by applying the practices presented in this document and the relevant safety requirements. It is the responsibility of the designer and the installer to select the relevant technique most appropriate to a particular installation. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. restructuring of clauses and subclauses with amending of technical content;
b. alignment of the terminology with other parts of the IEC 61000 series, for example with IEC TR 61000-2-5;
c. addition of an overview regarding the IEC 61000-5 series in Annex A.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-Feb-2023
• ICS: 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general
• Technical Committee: TC 77 - Electromagnetic compatibility
• Drafting Committee: WG 13 - TC 77/WG 13
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 22-Mar-2023
• Completion Date: 23-Feb-2023

Relations

• Revises: IEC TR 61000-5-1:1996 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines - Section 1: General considerations - Basic EMC publication
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC TR 61000-5-1
®

Edition 2.0 2023-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT

BASIC EMC PUBLICATION

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 5-1: Installation and mitigation guidelines – General considerations

IEC TR 61000-5-1:2023-02(en)

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IEC TR 61000-5-1

®


Edition 2.0 2023-02




TECHNICAL



REPORT












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Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –

Part 5-1: Installation and mitigation guidelines – General considerations


























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– 2 – IEC TR 61000-5-1:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 9
4 Electromagnetic phenomena . 9
4.1 Overview of electromagnetic phenomena . 9
4.2 Interference model . 12
4.3 Consideration of electromagnetic phenomena in EMC standards . 13
4.4 Approaches for ensuring EMC. 13
5 EMC measures . 16
5.1 General . 16
5.2 Performance reason . 16
5.3 Compatibility reasons . 16
5.4 Types of measures . 16
5.5 Measures at equipment level . 17
5.6 Measures at system level . 18
5.7 Protection versus immunity . 19
5.8 Assessment of the need for mitigation methods . 19
5.9 Radiated phenomena . 19
5.10 Conducted phenomena . 19
5.11 Design and installation of protective means . 19
5.12 Evaluation of quality of installations . 20
5.13 Verification of EMC . 20
Annex A (informative) Overview of the publications in the IEC 61000-5 series . 21
Bibliography . 26

Figure 1 – The basic form of an EMI problem . 13
Figure 2 – Principle of global protection by single barrier . 14
Figure 3 – Principle of global protection by multiple barriers . 14
Figure 4 – Principle of distributed protection . 15
Figure 5 – Representation of equipment ports interfacing with the electromagnetic
environment . 18

Table 1 – Principal phenomena causing electromagnetic disturbances . 11
Table A.1 – Overview of the IEC 61000-5 series (IEC TR 61000-5-2 to IEC 61000-5-10) . 21

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IEC TR 61000-5-1:2023 © IEC 2023 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 5-1: Installation and mitigation guidelines –
General considerations

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
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preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC TR 61000-5-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic
compatibility. It is a Technical Report.
It forms Part 5-1 of IEC 61000. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with
IEC Guide 107.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) restructuring of clauses and subclauses with amending of technical content;
b) alignment of the terminology with other parts of the IEC 61000 series, for example with
IEC TR 61000-2-5;
c) addition of an overview regarding the IEC 61000-5 series in Annex A.

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– 4 – IEC TR 61000-5-1:2023 © IEC 2023
The text of this Technical Report is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
77/585/DTR 77/588/RVDTR

Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this Technical Report is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61000 series, published under the general title Electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC), can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

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IEC TR 61000-5-1:2023 © IEC 2023 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
IEC 61000 is published in separate parts, according to the following structure:
Part 1: General
General considerations (introduction, fundamental principles)
Definitions, terminology
Part 2: Environment
Description of the environment
Classification of the environment
Compatibility levels
Part 3: Limits
Emission limits
Immunity limits (in so far as they do not fall under the responsibility of the product
committees)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Measurement techniques
Testing techniques
Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines
Installation guidelines
Mitigation methods and devices
Part 6: Generic standards
Part 9: Miscellaneous
Each part is further subdivided into parts which are to be published either as international
standards or as technical specifications or as technical reports, some of which have already
been published as sections. Others will be published with the part number followed by a dash
and a second number identifying the subdivision (example: IEC 61000-6-1).
These parts of IEC 61000-5 will be published in chronological order and numbered accordingly.

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ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 5-1: Installation and mitigation guidelines –
General considerations



1 Scope
This part of IEC 61000-5, which is a technical report, covers general considerations and
guidelines on mitigation methods aimed at ensuring electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) among
electrical and electronic apparatus or systems used in industrial, commercial, and residential
installations. This document is intended for use by all using and installing sensitive electrical or
electronic installations and systems, and equipment with high emission levels that could
degrade the overall electromagnetic (EM) environment. It applies primarily to new installations,
but also applies during modifications or enhancements of legacy installations.
Specific topics, such as recommendations on the design and implementation of the earthing
system, including the earth electrode and the earth network, the design and implementation of
bonding apparatus or systems to earth or to the earth network, the selection and installation of
appropriate cables, and the design and implementation mitigation means involving shielded
enclosures, high-frequency filters, isolating transformers, surge-protective devices, etc., will be
addressed in other parts of IEC 61000-5. Within this document the fundamental measures will
be described.
The practices presented in this document address the EMC concerns of the installation, not the
safety aspects of the installation nor the efficient transportation of power within the installation.
Nevertheless, these two prime objectives are taken into consideration in the technical
observations concerning EMC. These two primary objectives can be implemented concurrently
for enhanced EMC of the installed sensitive apparatus or systems without conflict by applying
the practices presented in this document and the relevant safety requirements. It is the
responsibility of the designer and the installer to select the relevant technique most appropriate
to a particular installation.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
bonding
act of connecting together exposed conductive parts and extraneous conductive parts of
equipment, systems, or installations that are at essentially the same potential

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IEC TR 61000-5-1:2023 © IEC 2023 – 7 –
3.1.2
disturbance level
level of an electromagnetic disturbance existing at a given location, which results from all
contributing disturbance sources
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-03-29]
3.1.3
reference ground
part of the Earth considered as conductive, the electric potential of which is conventionally
taken as zero, being outside the zone of influence of any earthing arrangement
Note 1 to entry: The concept “Earth” means the planet and all its physical matter.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:2021, 195-01-01]
3.1.4
earth, verb
ground, verb US
to make an electric connection between a given point in a system or in an installation or in
equipment and a local earth
Note 1 to entry: The connection to local earth can be
• intentional, or
• unintentional or accidental
and can be permanent or temporary.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:2021, 195-01-08, modified – in the definition “a conductive part” has
been replaced with “a given point in a system or in an installation or in equipment”.]
3.1.5
earth electrode
ground electrode, US
conductive part, which may be embedded in the soil or in a specific conductive medium, for
example concrete or coke, in electric contact with the earth
3.1.6
earthing network
conductors of the earthing system, not in contact with the soil, connecting apparatus, systems,
or installations to the earth electrode or to other means of earthing
3.1.7
earthing system
three-dimensional electrical circuit which performs the earthing
Note 1 to entry: The earthing system includes two parts: the earth electrode and the earthing network.
3.1.8
electromagnetic compatibility
EMC
ability of a device, equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic
environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that
environment
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:2018, 161-01-07, modified – the term "device" has been added to
the definition.]

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3.1.9
(electromagnetic) compatibility level
specified electromagnetic disturbance level used as a reference level for co-ordination in the
setting of emission and immunity limits
Note 1 to entry: By convention, the compatibility level is chosen so that there is only a small probability that it will
be exceeded by the actual disturbance level. However, electromagnetic compatibility is achieved only if emission
and immunity levels are controlled such that, at each location, the disturbance level resulting from the cumulative
emissions is lower than the immunity level for each device, equipment and system situated at this same location.
Note 2 to entry: The compatibility level may be phenomenon, time or location dependent.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-03-10]
3.1.10
facility
building or piece of equipment (like a hospital, factory, machinery, etc.) that is built, constructed,
installed or established to perform some particular functions or to serve or facilitate some
particular end
3.1.11
low frequency
LF
frequency up to and including 9 kHz
[SOURCE: IEC 600050-161:2014, 161-01-26]
3.1.12
high frequency
HF
frequency above 9 kHz
[SOURCE: IEC 600050-161:2014, 161-01-25]
3.1.13
immunity margin
ratio of the immunity limit to the electromagnetic compatibility level
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-03-16]
3.1.14
immunity level
maximum level of a given electromagnetic disturbance incident on a particular device,
equipment or system, for which it remains capable of operating at a required degree of
performance
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-03-14]
3.1.15
point of common coupling
PCC
point of a power supply network, electrically nearest to a particular load, at which other loads
are, or may be, connected
Note 1 to entry: These loads can be either devices, equipment or systems, or distinct customer's installations.
Note 2 to entry: In some applications, the term “point of common coupling” is restricted to public networks.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-07-15]

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IEC TR 61000-5-1:2023 © IEC 2023 – 9 –
3.1.16
in-plant point of coupling
IPC
point of coupling inside the system or installation to be studied
3.1.17
port
particular interface of the specified equipment with the external electromagnetic environment
Note 1 to entry: In some cases different ports can be combined.
3.2 Abbreviated terms
AC alternating current
CB citizen band
CW continuous wave
DC direct current
EM electromagnetic
EMC electromagnetic compatibility
ESD electrostatic discharge
GSM global system for mobile communication
HEMP high altitude electromagnetic pulse
HF high frequency
HPEM high power electromagnetic pulse
IEMI intentional electromagnetic interference
IPC in-plant point of coupling
LEMP lightning electromagnetic pulse
LF low frequency
PCC point of common coupling
PLT power line telecommunications
RF radio frequency
RFID radio-frequency identification
4 Electromagnetic phenomena
4.1 Overview of electromagnetic phenomena
Any equipment, system or installation that transmits, distributes, processes, or otherwise
utilises any form of electrical energy can be source of electromagnetic interference, if any
aspect of its operation generates electromagnetic disturbance that results in a degradation of
performance of any neighbouring equipment, system, or installation.
The classification of electromagnetic disturbances can be undertaken in several ways. For the
purpose of this document, the classification is underpinned by the following:
– the variation of the electromagnetic disturbance signal amplitude as a function of frequency;
and
– the propagation means of the disturbance either as conducted or radiated.

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– 10 – IEC TR 61000-5-1:2023 © IEC 2023
The application of the above criteria results in the following categories of electromagnetic
disturbances that are considered in EMC work:
• low-frequency conducted phenomena (e.g., harmonics, voltage dips and fluctuations);
• low-frequency radiated phenomena (e.g., magnetic fields at power frequency);
• high-frequency conducted phenomena (e.g., fast transients);
• high-frequency radiated phenomena (e.g., electromagnetic fields);
• electrostatic discharges (ESD).
To ensure EMC, equipment, systems and installations are required to cope with the disturbing
effects of electromagnetic phenomena independent of their origin. Table 1 gives an overview of
electromagnetic phenomena which can occur at a particular location. These electromagnetic
phenomena need to be considered in the design and installation of the equipment or system in
order to ensure electromagnetic compatibility.

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IEC TR 61000-5-1:2023 © IEC 2023 – 11 –
Table 1 – Principal phenomena causing electromagnetic disturbances
Harmonics/Inter-harmonics
Power supply networks
LF phenomena
Voltage fluctuations
Voltage dips
Voltage interruptions
Voltage unbalance
Voltage frequency variations
Common mode voltages
Signalling voltage (0,1 kHz to 3 kHz)
Induced LF
DC in AC networks
Differential mode voltages
Signal and control cables Induced LF (normal conditions)
Induced LF (fault conditions)
LF magnetic field DC
Railway
Power system
Power system harmonics
(n = harmonics)
Not power system related
LF electric field DC lines
Railway (16 2/3 Hz)
Power system (50 Hz/ 60 Hz)
Signalling voltage/PLT 3 kHz to 95 kHz / 95 kHz to 148,5 kHz /
HF phenomena
148,5 kHz to 500 kHz
Direct-conducted CW/PLT (intentional) 1,606 5 MHz to 87,5 MHz
Direct-conducted CW (unintentional) 9 kHz to 150 kHz
HF-conducted induced CW 10 kHz to 150 kHz / 0,15 kHz to 150 MHz
Unidirectional transients Nanoseconds
Microseconds, close
Microseconds, distant
Milliseconds
HF-conducted oscillatory transients Low, medium, high frequency
HF radiated
Radiated CW ISM Group 2
Radiated modulated Mobile units/GSM/DCS 1800/DECT
Base stations
Digital television broadcast
Unlicensed radio services
Paging services (base station)
RFID + railway transponder
Other RF items
Amateur radio stations
CB
Wireless LAN
1
Bluetooth, Zigbee, LoraWan , etc
Radiated pulsed Radiated transients
RADAR
ESD Slow/Fast
High altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) Not considered in this document; for further
information see relevant parts of the
IEC 61000-5 series as described in Annex A.
High power electromagnetic pulse (HPEM) Not considered in this document; for further
information see relevant parts of the
IEC 61000-5 series as described in Annex A.

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Depending on the electromagnetic environment of an installation site and for a given
phenomenon, there is a high probability of having a certain level of electromagnetic
disturbances. According to the concepts of electromagnetic environment classification (see
IEC TR 61000-2-5), a determined (or specified) compatibility level will be determined or
specified. Furthermore, each apparatus has an intrinsic immunity level that can be sufficient in
view of the disturbances occurring on the site. As environmental conditions and performance
criteria for immunity of apparatus can vary for each installation, the information given in the
IEC 61000-5 series will serve as recommendations.
The sources of electromagnetic disturbances and their main characteristics are described in
detail in IEC TR 61000-2-5. IEC TR 61000-2-5 as well as the other parts of the IEC 61000-2
series contain a set of tables for selecting appropriate disturbance degrees as compatibility
levels for the electromagnetic phenomena to be expected at the location of interest.
The following specific points are listed in connection with the general listing of Table 1:
a) The ESD phenomenon is considered as a combined phenomenon (conducted and radiated).
Its occurrence is greatly influenced by physical characteristics of the local environment (floor
covering, worker's clothing, atmospheric conditions, etc.). Mitigation of ESD effects is not
included in the scope of this document.
b) High altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) is a very specific phenomenon which is not
included in the scope of this document, although some high frequency mitigation guidelines
are useful to reduce the impact of disturbances.
c) Disturbances can be direct or indirect.
– Direct disturbances:
• radiated: an external field radiates on the sensitive susceptor;
• conducted: the source is connected to the installation.
– Indirect disturbances:
• radiated: a field exists after penetrating a shield and radiates on the sensitive
electronics;
• conducted: an electromagnetic field can induce currents or voltages into conductors
that can be within the installation.

d) Transient voltages appearing downstream of protective devices can also be a source of
disturbances in some cases.
e) The effects of lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) are included in the conducted and
radiated phenomena listed in Table 1, which are grouped by their physical characteristics
rather than the specific source (excluding the ESD and HEMP phenomena mentioned in
Table 1). Thus, there is no special entry for the LEMP source.
f) Disturbances on equipment or system level.
4.2 Interference model
Electromagnetic disturbances are caused by conducted or radiated phenomena. Figure 1
depicts in a general manner how EM disturbances can affect sensitive apparatus; Figure 1
illustrates a model that compromises an emitter, a coupling path, and a susceptor. The emitter
can be either conducted voltage or current, or an electric or magnetic field propagated through
space. An apparatus can be both an emitter and susceptor. Further details with regards the
interference model are provided in IEC TR 61000-1-1.
___________
1
 Bluetooth, Zigbee and LoraWan are examples of suitable products available commercially. This information is
given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by IEC of these
products.

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IEC TR 61000-5-1:2023 © IEC 2023 – 13 –

Figure 1 – The basic form of an EMI problem
4.3 Consideration of electromagnetic phenomena in EMC standards
Different types of standards are available to define conditions for compliance with EMC
requirements for electrical and electronic products:
• dedicated product standards;
• product family st
...