IEC 62368-1:2010

Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements

IEC 62368-1:2010 is applicable to the safety of electrical and electronic equipment within the field of audio, video, information and communication technology, and business and office machines with a rated voltage not exceeding 600 V. This standard does not include requirements for performance or functional characteristics of equipment. This standard is a product safety standard that classifies energy sources, prescribes safeguards against those energy sources, and provides guidance on the application of, and requirements for those safeguards. The contents of the corrigendum of June 2010 have been included in this copy.

Equipements des technologies de l'audio/vidéo, de l'information et de la communication - Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité

La CEI 62368-1:2010 s'applique à la sécurité de l'équipement électrique et électronique dans le domaine des technologies audio, vidéo, d'information et de communication, et des machines commerciales ou de bureau dont la tension assignée est inférieure ou égale à 600 V. La présente norme ne contient ni les exigences de performances ni les caractéristiques fonctionnelles de l'équipement. La présente norme ne contient pas d'exigences relatives à la sécurité fonctionnelle. La présente Norme internationale est une norme relative à la sécurité des produits qui classifie les sources d'énergie, prescrit des protections contre ces sources d'énergie, et fournit des recommandations concernant leur application et leurs exigences. Elle inclut le Corrigendum 1 (2010-06).

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 20-Jan-2010
• ICS: 33.160.01 - Audio, video and audiovisual systems in general
• ICS: 35.020 - Information technology (IT) in general
• Technical Committee: TC 108 - Safety of electronic equipment within the field of audio/video, information technology and communication technology
• Drafting Committee: WG HBSDT - TC 108/WG HBSDT
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Start Date: 26-Feb-2014
• Completion Date: 26-Oct-2025

Relations

• Corrected By: IEC 62368-1:2010/COR1:2010 - Corrigendum 1 - Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revised: IEC 62368-1:2014 - Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Overview

IEC 62368-1:2010 - Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements - is an international product safety standard for electrical and electronic equipment in the audio/video and ICT (information and communication technology) fields, including business and office machines with rated voltages up to 600 V. This edition (Edition 1.0, 2010) includes the June 2010 corrigendum. The standard is focused on product safety (not performance or functional characteristics) and provides a hazard-based framework that classifies energy sources and prescribes safeguards.

Key Topics and Technical Requirements

• Energy source classification: Defines categories of electrical and non-electrical energy (e.g., Class 1/2/3 and ES1/ES2/ES3 designations) to assess risk levels and required protections.
• Hazard and injury models: Presents models for pain and injury (electrically-caused shock, thermally-caused burns, mechanical, chemical, and radiation hazards) to guide protective measures.
• Safeguards: Specifies types of safeguards - equipment, installation, instructional, and personal - and their required characteristics and hierarchy.
• Electrical protection: Requirements for insulation, clearances, creepage distances, solid insulation, and component selection for protection against electric shock and electrically-caused fire.
• Components as safeguards: Guidance on when components (transformers, fuses, barriers) can be accepted as basic, supplementary, or reinforced safeguards.
• Protective earthing and conductors: Rules for protective conductors, earthing arrangements, corrosion and marking, and tests for protective conductor integrity.
• Measurement and testing: Procedures and limits for prospective touch voltage, touch current, and protective conductor current; plus requirements for marking and instructions for safe use and service.
• Service conditions: Differentiated protection expectations for ordinary, instructed, and skilled persons, and for restricted access areas.

Practical Applications

• Ensures safe design and manufacture of consumer electronics, professional AV equipment, IT servers, printers, copiers, and other office/business machines.
• Used by product designers and safety engineers to choose insulation, spacing, and components that meet safety requirements.
• Guides test labs and conformity assessment bodies in planning safety tests and verifying compliance.
• Helps technical writers and compliance teams produce required markings, safety instructions and service guidance.

Who Should Use This Standard

• Product manufacturers and design engineers (AV/ICT equipment)
• Safety and compliance engineers
• Testing and certification laboratories
• Regulatory and standards professionals
• Technical documentation authors responsible for safety instructions

Related Standards and Notes

• IEC 62368-1 is part of the IEC product safety family; users should also consult other IEC safety publications, normative references cited within the document, and the latest editions/corrigenda to ensure up-to-date compliance.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 62368-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment –
Part 1: Safety requirements
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
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please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

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About the IEC
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International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

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IEC 62368-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment –
Part 1: Safety requirements
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XH
ICS 33.160.01; 35.020 ISBN 978-2-88910-684-4
– 2 – 62368-1 © IEC:2010(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.13
INTRODUCTION.15
0 Principles of this product safety standard .15
0.1 Objective.15
0.2 Persons.15
0.2.1 General .15
0.2.2 Ordinary person.15
0.2.3 Instructed person.15
0.2.4 Skilled person.15
0.3 Model for pain and injury .15
0.4 Energy sources .16
0.5 Safeguards.17
0.5.1 General .17
0.5.2 Equipment safeguard.18
0.5.3 Installation safeguard .18
0.5.4 Instructional safeguard .18
0.5.5 Personal safeguard .19
0.5.6 Safeguards during ordinary or instructed person service conditions.19
0.5.7 Equipment safeguards during skilled person service conditions .19
0.5.8 Precautionary safeguard.19
0.5.9 Skill safeguard.19
0.5.10 Examples of safeguard characteristics.20
0.6 Electrically-caused pain or injury (electric shock) .21
0.6.1 General .21
0.6.2 Models for electrically-caused pain or injury .21
0.6.3 Models for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury.21
0.7 Electrically-caused fire .22
0.7.1 General .22
0.7.2 Models for electrically-caused fire .22
0.7.3 Models for protection against electrically-caused fire.23
0.8 Chemically-caused injury.23
0.9 Mechanically-caused injury.24
0.10 Thermally-caused injury (skin burn).25
0.10.1 General .25
0.10.2 Models for thermally-caused injury .25
0.10.3 Models for protection against thermally-caused pain or injury .26
0.11 Radiation-caused injury.27
1 Scope.29
2 Normative references .30
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations .35
3.1 General .35
3.2 Terms and abbreviations .35
3.2.1 Terms in alphabetical order .35
3.2.2 Abbreviations in alphabetical order.36
3.3 Terms and definitions .36
3.3.1 Circuit terms.38

62368-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 3 –
3.3.2 Enclosure terms .38
3.3.3 Equipment terms .39
3.3.4 Flammability terms .40
3.3.5 Insulation.41
3.3.6 Miscellaneous.42
3.3.7 Operating and fault conditions .43
3.3.8 Persons .44
3.3.9 Potential ignition sources.44
3.3.10 Ratings.45
3.3.11 Safeguards.45
3.3.12 Spacings .47
3.3.13 Temperatures and controls .47
3.3.14 Voltages and currents.48
3.3.15 Classes of equipment with respect to protection from electric shock .49
3.3.16 Chemical terms .49
4 General requirements .50
4.1 General .50
4.1.1 Application of requirements and acceptance of materials,
components and subassemblies .50
4.1.2 Use of components.50
4.1.3 Equipment design and construction .51
4.1.4 Equipment installation .51
4.1.5 Constructions not specifically covered .51
4.1.6 Orientation during transport and use.51
4.1.7 Choice of criteria .51
4.1.8 Conductive liquids .51
4.1.9 Electrical measuring instruments .52
4.1.10 Temperature measurements .52
4.1.11 Steady state conditions .52
4.1.12 Hierarchy of safeguards.52
4.1.13 Examples mentioned in the standard .52
4.1.14 Tests on parts or samples separate from the end-product.52
4.1.15 Markings and instructions .52
4.2 Energy source classifications .53
4.2.1 Class 1 energy source .53
4.2.2 Class 2 energy source .53
4.2.3 Class 3 energy source .53
4.2.4 Energy source classification by declaration .53
4.3 Protection against energy sources.54
4.3.1 General .54
4.3.2 Safeguards for protection of an ordinary person .54
4.3.3 Protection of an instructed person .55
4.3.4 Protection of a skilled person.56
4.3.5 Safeguards in a restricted access area .57
4.4 Safeguards.57
4.4.1 General .57
4.4.2 Equivalent materials or components .57
4.4.3 Composition of a safeguard .57
4.4.4 Accessible parts of a safeguard.57

– 4 – 62368-1 © IEC:2010(E)
4.4.5 Safeguard robustness.59
4.4.6 Air comprising a safeguard .59
4.5 Explosion .59
4.5.1 General .59
4.5.2 Requirements .59
4.5.3 Compliance .59
5 Electrically-caused injury.60
5.1 General .60
5.2 Classification and limits of electrical energy sources .60
5.2.1 Electrical energy source classifications.60
5.2.2 ES1, ES2 and ES3 limits .60
5.3 Protection against electrical energy sources.66
5.3.1 General .66
5.3.2 Protection of an ordinary person.66
5.3.3 Protection of an instructed person .67
5.3.4 Protection of a skilled person.67
5.3.5 Safeguards between energy sources .67
5.3.6 Accessibility to electrical energy sources and safeguards .68
5.4 Insulation materials and requirements .71
5.4.1 General .71
5.4.2 Clearances .76
5.4.3 Creepage distances.88
5.4.4 Solid insulation .92
5.4.5 Antenna terminal insulation .100
5.4.6 Insulation of internal wire as a part of a supplementary safeguard .101
5.4.7 Thermal cycling test procedure. 102
5.4.8 Test for pollution degree 1 environment and for an insulating
compound.102
5.4.9 Tests for semiconductor components and for cemented joints . 103
5.4.10 Humidity conditioning .103
5.4.11 Electric strength test.103
5.4.12 Protection of ordinary and instructed persons against transient
voltages from external circuits .107
5.4.13 Separation between external circuits and earth.107
5.5 Components as safeguards .109
5.5.1 General .109
5.5.2 Components as basic safeguard and supplementary safeguard . 109
5.5.3 Components as a reinforced safeguard .112
5.5.4 Insulation between the mains and an external circuit consisting of a
coaxial cable .113
5.5.5 Components and parts that may bridge insulation. 113
5.6 Protective conductor.114
5.6.1 General requirements .114
5.6.2 Corrosion .114
5.6.3 Colour of insulation.114
5.6.4 Test for low current carrying protective conductors . 115
5.6.5 Protective conductors used as basic a safeguard between ES1 and
ES2 .115
5.6.6 Protective conductors used as a supplementary safeguard. 115

62368-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 5 –
5.6.7 Protective earthing conductors serving as a double or reinforced
safeguard .120
5.6.8 Reliable earthing .121
5.7 Prospective touch voltage, touch current and protective conductor current . 122
5.7.1 General .122
5.7.2 Measuring devices and networks .122
5.7.3 Equipment set-up, supply connections and earth connections. 122
5.7.4 Unearthed conductive accessible parts. 123
5.7.5 Earthed accessible conductive parts.123
5.7.6 Protective conductor current.124
5.7.7 Prospective touch voltage and touch current due to external circuits .124
5.7.8 Summation of touch currents from external circuits. 124
6 Electrically-caused fire .125
6.1 General .125
6.2 Classification of power sources (PS) and potential ignition sources (PIS) . 126
6.2.1 General .126
6.2.2 Power source circuit classifications .126
6.2.3 Classification of potential ignition sources .129
6.3 Safeguards against fire under normal operating conditions and abnormal
operating conditions .130
6.3.1 Requirements .130
6.3.2 Compliance .131
6.4 Safeguards against fire under single fault conditions . 131
6.4.1 General .131
6.4.2 Reduction of the likelihood of ignition under single fault conditions in
PS1 circuits .131
6.4.3 Reduction of the likelihood of ignition under single fault conditions in
PS2 circuits and PS3 circuits.131
6.4.4 Control of fire spread in PS1 circuits.133
6.4.5 Control of fire spread in PS2 circuits.133
6.4.6 Control of fire spread in a PS3 circuit .134
6.4.7 Separation of combustible materials from a PIS. 135
6.4.8 Fire enclosures and fire barriers .138
6.5 Internal and external wiring .142
6.5.1 General .142
6.5.2 Requirements .142
6.5.3 Compliance .142
6.5.4 Requirements for interconnection to building wiring. . 142
6.5.5 Compliance .143
6.6 Likelihood of fire due to entry of foreign objects . 143
6.7 Safeguards against fire due to the connection of secondary equipment . 143
7 Chemically-caused injury.144
7.1 General .144
7.2 Reduction of exposure to hazardous chemicals . 144
7.3 Ozone exposure .144
7.4 Use of PPE .144
7.5 Use of instructional safeguards and instructions.144
7.6 Batteries.144
8 Mechanically-caused injury.145

– 6 – 62368-1 © IEC:2010(E)
8.1 General .145
8.2 Mechanical energy source classifications . 145
8.2.1 General classification .145
8.2.2 MS1.146
8.2.3 MS2.146
8.2.4 MS3.146
8.3 Protection against mechanical energy sources . 146
8.3.1 General .146
8.3.2 Protection of ordinary persons . 147
8.3.3 Protection of instructed person . 147
8.3.4 Protection of skilled persons.147
8.4 Safeguards against parts with sharp edges and corners . 147
8.4.1 Requirements .147
8.4.2 Instructional safeguard .148
8.4.3 Compliance .148
8.5 Safeguards against moving parts .148
8.5.1 Requirements .148
8.5.2 MS2 or MS3 part required to be accessible for the function of the
equipment .149
8.5.3 Compliance .149
8.5.4 Special categories of equipment comprising moving parts . 149
8.5.5 Protection of persons against loosening, exploding or imploding parts. 151
8.6 Stability of equipment.154
8.6.1 Requirements .154
8.6.2 Static stability for floor standing equipment.155
8.6.3 Non-floor standing equipment having controls that are accessed
during normal use or having displays with moving images . 157
8.7 Equipment mounted to a wall or ceiling .157
8.7.1 General .157
8.7.2 Test method .157
8.7.3 Compliance .158
8.8 Handle strength test method.158
8.8.1 General .158
8.8.2 Compliance and test method .158
8.9 Wheels or casters attachment requirements . 159
8.9.1 General .159
8.9.2 Test method .159
8.10 Carts, stands, and similar carriers .159
8.10.1 General .159
8.10.2 Marking and instructions.159
8.10.3 Cart, stand or carrier loading test and compliance . 160
8.10.4 Cart, stand or carrier impact test . 160
8.10.5 Mechanical stability .161
8.10.6 Thermoplastic temperature stability .161
8.11 Mounting means for rack mounted equipment. 161
8.11.1 Requirements .161
8.11.2 Mechanical strength test, variable N .161
8.11.3 Mechanical strength test, 250 N, including end stops. 162
8.11.4 Compliance .162

62368-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 7 –
8.12 Telescoping or rod antennas .162
9 Thermal burn injury .163
9.1 General .163
9.2 Thermal energy source classifications . 163
9.2.1 General .163
9.2.2 TS1 .163
9.2.3 TS2 .163
9.2.4 TS3 .163
9.2.5 Touch temperature levels .164
9.3 Protection against thermal energy sources .164
9.3.1 General .164
9.3.2 Protection of an ordinary person. 164
9.3.3 Protection of an instructed person .165
9.3.4 Protection of a skilled person.165
9.4 Requirements for safeguards. 165
9.4.1 Equipment safeguard.165
9.4.2 Instructional safeguard .166
10 Radiation.166
10.1 General .166
10.2 Radiation energy source classifications .166
10.2.1 RS1 .166
10.2.2 RS2 .166
10.2.3 RS3 .167
10.3 Requirements for electromagnetic radiation.167
10.3.1 Protection of persons from non-ionising radiation . 167
10.3.2 Non-ionizing radiation from radio frequencies in the range 0 Hz to
300 GHz .170
10.3.3 Protection of persons from ionizing radiation (X-radiation) . 170
10.3.4 Protection of materials from lamps that produce UV radiation . 172
10.4 Protection against acoustic energy sources.172
10.4.1 General .172
10.4.2 Requirements .172
10.4.3 Protection of ordinary persons . 172
Annex A (informative) Examples of equipment within the scope of this standard .174
Annex B (normative) Normal operating condition tests, abnormal operating condition
tests and single fault condition tests .175
Annex C (normative) UV radiation.184
Annex D (normative) Test generators.186
Annex E (normative) Test conditions for equipment containing audio amplifiers .189
Annex F (normative) Equipment markings, instructions, and instructional safeguards . 191
Annex G (normative) Components .200
Annex H (normative) Criteria for telephone ringing signals. 238
Annex I (informative) Overvoltage categories (see IEC 60364-4-44) . 243
Annex J (normative) Insulated winding wires for use without interleaved insulation. 244
Annex K (normative) Safety interlocks .247
Annex L (normative) Disconnect devices.251
Annex M (normative) Batteries and fuel cells .253

– 8 – 62368-1 © IEC:2010(E)
Annex N (normative) Electrochemical potentials . 263
Annex O (normative) Measurement of creepage distances and clearances . 264
Annex P (normative) Safeguards against entry of foreign objects, foreign liquids, and
spillage of internal liquids .272
Annex Q (normative) Interconnection with building wiring .277
Annex R (normative) Limited short-circuit test.279
Annex S (normative) Tests for resistance to heat and fire .281
Annex T (normative) Mechanical strength tests.286
Annex U (normative) Mechanical strength of CRTs and protection against the effects
of implosion .291
Annex V (normative) Determination of accessible parts . 293
Annex W (informative) Comparison of terms introduced in this standard . 299
Bibliography.310

Figure 1 – Three block model for pain and injury.16
Figure 2 – Three block model for safety .17
Figure 3 – Schematic and model for electrically-caused pain or injury.21
Figure 4 – Model for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury .22
Figure 5 – Model for electrically-caused fire.23
Figure 6 – Models for protection against fire .23
Figure 7 – Schematic and model for thermally-caused injury.26
Figure 8 – Model for protection against thermally-caused injury .26
Figure 9 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 1 energy source .54
Figure 10 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 2 energy source .54
Figure 11 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 2 energy
source during ordinary person servicing conditions .55
Figure 12 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 3 energy source .55
Figure 13 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 1 energy
source .55
Figure 14 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 2 energy
source .55
Figure 15 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 3 energy
source .56
Figure 16 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 1 energy source.56
Figure 17 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 2 energy source.56
Figure 18 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 3 energy source.56
Figure 19 – Model for protection of a skilled person against class 3 energy sources
during equipment servicing conditions .57
Figure 20 – Illustration of accessible and inaccessible parts of a basic safeguard.58
Figure 21 – Illustration of accessible and inaccessible parts of a supplementary
safeguard .58
Figure 22 – Illustration of accessible and inaccessible parts of a reinforced safeguard .58
Figure 23 – Illustration that shows that ES limits depend on both voltage and current.61
Figure 24 – Maximum values for combined a.c. current and d.c. current .62
Figure 25 – Maximum values for combined a.c. voltage and d.c. voltage.63
Figure 26 – Model for protection of ES1 against ES2 .68

62368-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 9 –
Figure 27 – Model for protection of ES1 against ES3 .68
Figure 28 – Model for protection of ES1 against ES3 .68
Figure 29 – Model for protection of ES2 against ES3 .68
Figure 30 – Model for protection of ES2 against ES3 .68
Figure 31 – Contact requirements to bare internal conductive parts .69
Figure 32 – Mandrel.96
Figure 33 – Initial position of mandrel .97
Figure 34 – Final position of mandrel .97
Figure 35 – Position of metal foil on insulating material.97
Figure 36 – Example of electric strength test instrument for solid insulation. 106
Figure 37 – Test for separation between a telecommunication network and earth . 109
Figure 38 – Power measurement for worst-case load fault .127
Figure 39 – Power measurement for worst-case power source fault .128
Figure 40 – Illustration of power source classification .129
Figure 41 – Minimum separation requirements from an arcing PIS.135
Figure 42 – Extended separation requirements from a PIS. 136
Figure 43 – Rotated separation requirements due to forced air flow . 136
Figure 44 – Deflected separation requirements from a PIS when a fire barrier is used . 137
Figure 45 – Top openings .139
Figure 46 – Bottom openings .140
Figure 47 – Illustration showing MS limits for moving fan blades.146
Figure 48 – Example for determining opening ‘X’ without a deflector.153
Figure 49 – Example for determining opening ‘X’ with a deflector. 153
Figure D.1 – 1,2/50 μs and 10/700 μs voltage surge generator .187
Figure D.2 – Antenna interface test generator circuit .187
Figure D.3 – Example of an electronic pulse generator . 188
Figure E.1 – Band-pass filter for wide-band noise measurement . 190
Figure F.1 – Example of an instructional safeguard.199
Figure G.1 – Determination of arithmetic average temperature . 207
Figure G.2 – Thermal ageing time.233
Figure G.3 – Abrasion resistance test for coating layers .234
Figure H.1 – Definition of ringing period and cadence cycle .239
Figure H.2 – I limit curve for cadenced ringing signal .240
TS1
Figure H.3 – Peak and peak-to-peak currents .240
Figure H.4 – Ringing voltage trip criteria .242
Figure M.1 – Distance d as a function of the rated capacity for various charge currents
I (mA/Ah) .261
Figure O.1 – Narrow groove.264
Figure O.2 – Wide groove .264
Figure O.3 – V-shaped groove .265
Figure O.4 – Intervening unconnected conductive part.
...

IEC 62368-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment –
Part 1: Safety requirements
Equipements des technologies de l'audio/vidéo, de l'information et de la
communication –
Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or
IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
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please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

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Switzerland
Email: [e-mail]
Web: www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
 Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…).
It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications.
 IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications released. Available
on-line and also by email.
 Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions
in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
 Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service
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IEC 62368-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment –
Part 1: Safety requirements
Equipements des technologies de l'audio/vidéo, de l'information et de la
communication –
Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XH
CODE PRIX
ICS 33.160.01; 35.020 ISBN 978-2-88912-671-2
– 2 – 62368-1  IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 13
INTRODUCTION . 15
0 Principles of this product safety standard . 15
0.1 Objective . 15
0.2 Persons . 15
0.2.1 General . 15
0.2.2 Ordinary person . 15
0.2.3 Instructed person . 15
0.2.4 Skilled person . 15
0.3 Model for pain and injury . 15
0.4 Energy sources . 16
0.5 Safeguards . 17
0.5.1 General . 17
0.5.2 Equipment safeguard . 18
0.5.3 Installation safeguard . 18
0.5.4 Instructional safeguard . 18
0.5.5 Personal safeguard . 19
0.5.6 Safeguards during ordinary or instructed person service conditions . 19
0.5.7 Equipment safeguards during skilled person service conditions . 19
0.5.8 Precautionary safeguard . 19
0.5.9 Skill safeguard . 19
0.5.10 Examples of safeguard characteristics . 20
0.6 Electrically-caused pain or injury (electric shock) . 21
0.6.1 General . 21
0.6.2 Models for electrically-caused pain or injury . 21
0.6.3 Models for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury . 21
0.7 Electrically-caused fire . 22
0.7.1 General . 22
0.7.2 Models for electrically-caused fire . 22
0.7.3 Models for protection against electrically-caused fire . 23
0.8 Chemically-caused injury . 23
0.9 Mechanically-caused injury. 24
0.10 Thermally-caused injury (skin burn) . 25
0.10.1 General . 25
0.10.2 Models for thermally-caused injury . 25
0.10.3 Models for protection against thermally-caused pain or injury . 26
0.11 Radiation-caused injury . 27
1 Scope . 29
2 Normative references . 30
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 35
3.1 General . 35
3.2 Terms and abbreviations . 35
3.2.1 Terms in alphabetical order . 35
3.2.2 Abbreviations in alphabetical order . 36
3.3 Terms and definitions . 36
3.3.1 Circuit terms . 38

62368-1  IEC:2010 – 3 –
3.3.2 Enclosure terms . 38
3.3.3 Equipment terms . 39
3.3.4 Flammability terms . 40
3.3.5 Insulation. 41
3.3.6 Miscellaneous . 42
3.3.7 Operating and fault conditions . 43
3.3.8 Persons . 44
3.3.9 Potential ignition sources . 44
3.3.10 Ratings . 45
3.3.11 Safeguards . 45
3.3.12 Spacings . 47
3.3.13 Temperatures and controls . 47
3.3.14 Voltages and currents . 48
3.3.15 Classes of equipment with respect to protection from electric shock . 49
3.3.16 Chemical terms . 49
4 General requirements . 50
4.1 General . 50
4.1.1 Application of requirements and acceptance of materials,
components and subassemblies . 50
4.1.2 Use of components . 50
4.1.3 Equipment design and construction . 51
4.1.4 Equipment installation . 51
4.1.5 Constructions not specifically covered . 51
4.1.6 Orientation during transport and use . 51
4.1.7 Choice of criteria . 51
4.1.8 Conductive liquids . 51
4.1.9 Electrical measuring instruments . 52
4.1.10 Temperature measurements . 52
4.1.11 Steady state conditions . 52
4.1.12 Hierarchy of safeguards . 52
4.1.13 Examples mentioned in the standard . 52
4.1.14 Tests on parts or samples separate from the end-product . 52
4.1.15 Markings and instructions . 52
4.2 Energy source classifications . 53
4.2.1 Class 1 energy source . 53
4.2.2 Class 2 energy source . 53
4.2.3 Class 3 energy source . 53
4.2.4 Energy source classification by declaration . 53
4.3 Protection against energy sources . 54
4.3.1 General . 54
4.3.2 Safeguards for protection of an ordinary person . 54
4.3.3 Protection of an instructed person . 55
4.3.4 Protection of a skilled person. 56
4.3.5 Safeguards in a restricted access area . 57
4.4 Safeguards . 57
4.4.1 General . 57
4.4.2 Equivalent materials or components . 57
4.4.3 Composition of a safeguard . 57
4.4.4 Accessible parts of a safeguard . 57

– 4 – 62368-1  IEC:2010
4.4.5 Safeguard robustness . 59
4.4.6 Air comprising a safeguard . 59
4.5 Explosion . 59
4.5.1 General . 59
4.5.2 Requirements . 59
4.5.3 Compliance . 59
5 Electrically-caused injury . 60
5.1 General . 60
5.2 Classification and limits of electrical energy sources . 60
5.2.1 Electrical energy source classifications. 60
5.2.2 ES1, ES2 and ES3 limits . 60
5.3 Protection against electrical energy sources . 66
5.3.1 General . 66
5.3.2 Protection of an ordinary person . 66
5.3.3 Protection of an instructed person . 67
5.3.4 Protection of a skilled person. 67
5.3.5 Safeguards between energy sources . 67
5.3.6 Accessibility to electrical energy sources and safeguards . 68
5.4 Insulation materials and requirements . 71
5.4.1 General . 71
5.4.2 Clearances . 76
5.4.3 Creepage distances . 88
5.4.4 Solid insulation . 92
5.4.5 Antenna terminal insulation . 100
5.4.6 Insulation of internal wire as a part of a supplementary safeguard . 101
5.4.7 Thermal cycling test procedure . 102
5.4.8 Test for pollution degree 1 environment and for an insulating
compound. 102
5.4.9 Tests for semiconductor components and for cemented joints . 103
5.4.10 Humidity conditioning . 103
5.4.11 Electric strength test . 103
5.4.12 Protection against transient voltages from external circuits . 107
5.4.13 Separation between external circuits and earth. 107
5.5 Components as safeguards . 109
5.5.1 General . 109
5.5.2 Components as basic safeguard and supplementary safeguard . 109
5.5.3 Components as a reinforced safeguard . 112
5.5.4 Insulation between the mains and an external circuit consisting of a
coaxial cable . 113
5.5.5 Components and parts that may bridge insulation . 113
5.6 Protective conductor . 113
5.6.1 General requirements . 113
5.6.2 Corrosion . 114
5.6.3 Colour of insulation. 114
5.6.4 Test for low current-carrying protective conductors . 114
5.6.5 Protective conductors used as a basic safeguard between ES1 and
ES2 . 115
5.6.6 Protective conductors used as a supplementary safeguard . 115
5.6.7 Protective earthing conductors serving as a double or reinforced
safeguard . 120

62368-1  IEC:2010 – 5 –
5.6.8 Reliable earthing . 121
5.7 Prospective touch voltage, touch current and protective conductor current . 122
5.7.1 General . 122
5.7.2 Measuring devices and networks . 122
5.7.3 Equipment set-up, supply connections and earth connections. 122
5.7.4 Unearthed conductive accessible parts . 123
5.7.5 Earthed accessible conductive parts . 123
5.7.6 Protective conductor current . 124
5.7.7 Prospective touch voltage and touch current due to external circuits . 124
5.7.8 Summation of touch currents from external circuits . 124
6 Electrically-caused fire . 125
6.1 General . 125
6.2 Classification of power sources (PS) and potential ignition sources (PIS) . 126
6.2.1 General . 126
6.2.2 Power source circuit classifications . 126
6.2.3 Classification of potential ignition sources . 129
6.3 Safeguards against fire under normal operating conditions and abnormal
operating conditions . 130
6.3.1 Requirements . 130
6.3.2 Compliance . 131
6.4 Safeguards against fire under single fault conditions . 131
6.4.1 General . 131
6.4.2 Reduction of the likelihood of ignition under single fault conditions in
PS1 circuits . 131
6.4.3 Reduction of the likelihood of ignition under single fault conditions in
PS2 circuits and PS3 circuits . 131
6.4.4 Control of fire spread in PS1 circuits. 133
6.4.5 Control of fire spread in PS2 circuits. 133
6.4.6 Control of fire spread in a PS3 circuit . 134
6.4.7 Separation of combustible materials from a PIS . 135
6.4.8 Fire enclosures and fire barriers . 138
6.5 Internal and external wiring . 142
6.5.1 General . 142
6.5.2 Requirements . 142
6.5.3 Compliance . 142
6.5.4 Requirements for interconnection to building wiring . 143
6.5.5 Compliance . 143
6.6 Likelihood of fire due to entry of foreign objects . 143
6.7 Safeguards against fire due to the connection of secondary equipment . 144
7 Chemically-caused injury . 144
7.1 General . 144
7.2 Reduction of exposure to hazardous chemicals . 144
7.3 Ozone exposure . 144
7.4 Use of PPE . 144
7.5 Use of instructional safeguards and instructions . 145
7.6 Batteries. 145
8 Mechanically-caused injury . 145
8.1 General . 145
8.2 Mechanical energy source classifications . 145

– 6 – 62368-1  IEC:2010
8.2.1 General classification . 145
8.2.2 MS1 . 146
8.2.3 MS2 . 146
8.2.4 MS3 . 146
8.3 Protection against mechanical energy sources . 147
8.3.1 General . 147
8.3.2 Protection of ordinary persons . 147
8.3.3 Protection of instructed person . 147
8.3.4 Protection of skilled persons . 147
8.4 Safeguards against parts with sharp edges and corners . 148
8.4.1 Requirements . 148
8.4.2 Instructional safeguard . 148
8.4.3 Compliance . 148
8.5 Safeguards against moving parts . 148
8.5.1 Requirements . 148
8.5.2 MS2 or MS3 part required to be accessible for the function of the
equipment . 149
8.5.3 Compliance . 149
8.5.4 Special categories of equipment comprising moving parts . 149
8.5.5 Protection of persons against loosening, exploding or imploding parts . 151
8.6 Stability of equipment . 154
8.6.1 Requirements . 154
8.6.2 Static stability for floor standing equipment. 155
8.6.3 Non-floor standing equipment having controls that are accessed
during normal use or having displays with moving images . 157
8.7 Equipment mounted to a wall or ceiling . 157
8.7.1 General . 157
8.7.2 Test method . 157
8.7.3 Compliance . 158
8.8 Handle strength test method . 158
8.8.1 General . 158
8.8.2 Compliance and test method . 158
8.9 Wheels or casters attachment requirements . 159
8.9.1 General . 159
8.9.2 Test method . 159
8.10 Carts, stands, and similar carriers . 159
8.10.1 General . 159
8.10.2 Marking and instructions . 159
8.10.3 Cart, stand or carrier loading test and compliance . 160
8.10.4 Cart, stand or carrier impact test . 160
8.10.5 Mechanical stability . 161
8.10.6 Thermoplastic temperature stability . 161
8.11 Mounting means for rack mounted equipment . 161
8.11.1 Requirements . 161
8.11.2 Mechanical strength test, variable N . 161
8.11.3 Mechanical strength test, 250 N, including end stops. 162
8.11.4 Compliance . 162
8.12 Telescoping or rod antennas . 162
9 Thermal burn injury . 163

62368-1  IEC:2010 – 7 –
9.1 General . 163
9.2 Thermal energy source classifications . 163
9.2.1 General . 163
9.2.2 TS1 . 163
9.2.3 TS2 . 163
9.2.4 TS3 . 163
9.2.5 Touch temperature levels . 164
9.3 Protection against thermal energy sources . 164
9.3.1 General . 164
9.3.2 Protection of an ordinary person . 164
9.3.3 Protection of an instructed person . 165
9.3.4 Protection of a skilled person. 165
9.4 Requirements for safeguards . 165
9.4.1 Equipment safeguard . 165
9.4.2 Instructional safeguard . 166
10 Radiation . 166
10.1 General . 166
10.2 Radiation energy source classifications . 166
10.2.1 RS1 . 166
10.2.2 RS2 . 166
10.2.3 RS3 . 167
10.3 Requirements for electromagnetic radiation . 167
10.3.1 Protection of persons from non-ionising radiation . 167
10.3.2 Non-ionizing radiation from radio frequencies in the range 0 Hz to
300 GHz . 170
10.3.3 Protection of persons from ionizing radiation (X-radiation) . 170
10.3.4 Protection of materials from lamps that produce UV radiation . 172
10.4 Protection against acoustic energy sources . 172
10.4.1 General . 172
10.4.2 Requirements . 172
10.4.3 Protection of ordinary persons . 173
Annex A (informative) Examples of equipment within the scope of this standard . 174
Annex B (normative) Normal operating condition tests, abnormal operating condition
tests and single fault condition tests . 175
Annex C (normative) UV radiation . 184
Annex D (normative) Test generators . 186
Annex E (normative) Test conditions for equipment containing audio amplifiers . 189
Annex F (normative) Equipment markings, instructions, and instructional safeguards . 191
Annex G (normative) Components . 200
Annex H (normative) Criteria for telephone ringing signals . 239
Annex I (informative) Overvoltage categories (see IEC 60364-4-44) . 244
Annex J (normative) Insulated winding wires for use without interleaved insulation . 245
Annex K (normative) Safety interlocks . 248
Annex L (normative) Disconnect devices. 252
Annex M (normative) Batteries and fuel cells . 254
Annex N (normative) Electrochemical potentials . 264
Annex O (normative) Measurement of creepage distances and clearances . 265

– 8 – 62368-1  IEC:2010
Annex P (normative) Safeguards against entry of foreign objects, foreign liquids, and
spillage of internal liquids . 273
Annex Q (normative) Interconnection with building wiring . 278
Annex R (normative) Limited short-circuit test . 280
Annex S (normative) Tests for resistance to heat and fire . 282
Annex T (normative) Mechanical strength tests . 287
Annex U (normative) Mechanical strength of CRTs and protection against the effects
of implosion . 292
Annex V (normative) Determination of accessible parts . 294
Annex W (informative) Comparison of terms introduced in this standard . 300
Bibliography . 311

Figure 1 – Three block model for pain and injury . 16
Figure 2 – Three block model for safety . 17
Figure 3 – Schematic and model for electrically-caused pain or injury . 21
Figure 4 – Model for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury . 22
Figure 5 – Model for electrically-caused fire . 23
Figure 6 – Models for protection against fire . 23
Figure 7 – Schematic and model for thermally-caused injury . 26
Figure 8 – Model for protection against thermally-caused injury . 26
Figure 9 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 1 energy source . 54
Figure 10 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 2 energy source . 54
Figure 11 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 2 energy
source during ordinary person servicing conditions . 55
Figure 12 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 3 energy source . 55
Figure 13 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 1 energy
source . 55
Figure 14 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 2 energy
source . 55
Figure 15 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 3 energy
source . 56
Figure 16 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 1 energy source . 56
Figure 17 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 2 energy source . 56
Figure 18 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 3 energy source . 56
Figure 19 – Model for protection of a skilled person against class 3 energy sources
during equipment servicing conditions . 57
Figure 20 – Illustration of accessible and inaccessible parts of a basic safeguard . 58
Figure 21 – Illustration of accessible and inaccessible parts of a supplementary
safeguard . 58
Figure 22 – Illustration of accessible and inaccessible parts of a reinforced safeguard . 58
Figure 23 – Illustration that shows that ES limits depend on both voltage and current . 61
Figure 24 – Maximum values for combined a.c. current and d.c. current . 62
Figure 25 – Maximum values for combined a.c. voltage and d.c. voltage . 63
Figure 26 – Model for protection of ES1 against ES2 . 68
Figure 27 – Model for protection of ES1 against ES3 . 68
Figure 28 – Model for protection of ES1 against ES3 . 68

62368-1  IEC:2010 – 9 –
Figure 29 – Model for protection of ES2 against ES3 . 68
Figure 30 – Model for protection of ES2 against ES3 . 68
Figure 31 – Contact requirements to bare internal conductive parts . 69
Figure 32 – Mandrel . 96
Figure 33 – Initial position of mandrel . 97
Figure 34 – Final position of mandrel . 97
Figure 35 – Position of metal foil on insulating material. 97
Figure 36 – Example of electric strength test instrument for solid insulation . 106
Figure 37 – Test for separation between a telecommunication network and earth . 109
Figure 38 – Power measurement for worst-case load fault . 127
Figure 39 – Power measurement for worst-case power source fault . 128
Figure 40 – Illustration of power source classification . 129
Figure 41 – Minimum separation requirements from an arcing PIS . 135
Figure 42 – Extended separation requirements from a PIS .
...