IEC 61400-12-1:2017
(Main)Wind energy generation systems - Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines
Wind energy generation systems - Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines
IEC 61400-12-1:2017 specifies a procedure for measuring the power performance characteristics of a single wind turbine and applies to the testing of wind turbines of all types and sizes connected to the electrical power network. In addition, this standard describes a procedure to be used to determine the power performance characteristics of small wind turbines (as defined in IEC 61400-2) when connected to either the electric power network or a battery bank. The procedure can be used for performance evaluation of specific wind turbines at specific locations, but equally the methodology can be used to make generic comparisons between different wind turbine models or different wind turbine settings when site-specific conditions and data filtering influences are taken into account. This new edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: new definition of wind speed, inclusion of wind shear and wind veer, revision of air density correction, revision of site calibration, revision to definition of power curve, interpolation to bin centre method, revision of obstacle model, etc.
Key words: Wind turbines, Wind energy, renewable energy, performance, efficiency
The contents of the corrigendum 1 of September 2019, corrigendum 2 of March 2020 and corrigendum 3 of May 2021 have been included in this copy.
Systèmes de génération d'énergie éolienne – Partie 12-1: Mesures de performance de puissance des éoliennes de production d'électricité
L'IEC 61400-12-1:2017 spécifie une procédure de mesure des caractéristiques de performance de puissance d'une éolienne simple et s'applique aux essais d'éoliennes raccordées au réseau électrique de tous types et de toutes tailles. En outre, la présente norme décrit une procédure qui doit être utilisée pour déterminer les caractéristiques de performance de puissance des petites éoliennes (définies dans l'IEC 61400-2) raccordées soit au réseau électrique, soit à un banc de batteries. La procédure peut être utilisée pour évaluer la performance d'éoliennes spécifiques sur des sites spécifiques, mais la méthodologie peut également être utilisée pour procéder à des comparaisons génériques entre différents modèles d'éoliennes ou différents réglages d'éoliennes lorsque les influences des conditions spécifiques au site et du filtrage de données sont étudiées. Cette nouvelle édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente: nouvelle définition de la vitesse du vent; inclusion du cisaillement du vent et de la déviation de la trajectoire du vent; correction de la masse volumique de l'air; révision de l'étalonnage du site; révision de la définition de la courbe de puissance; interpolation de la méthode utilisant le centre de la tranche; révision du modèle d'obstacle; etc.
Mots clé: éoliennes, énergi renouvelable, performance, efficacité
Le contenu du corrigendum de septembre 2019, de mars 2020 et de mai 2021 a été pris en considération dans cet exemplaire.
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IEC 61400-12-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2017-03
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Wind turbines energy generation systems –
Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind
turbines
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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About the IEC
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International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
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IEC 61400-12-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2017-03
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Wind turbines energy generation systems –
Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind
turbines
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 27.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-4081-6
– 2 – IEC 61400-12-1:2017 RLV © IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 14
INTRODUCTION . 17
1 Scope . 18
2 Normative references . 18
3 Terms and definitions . 19
4 Symbols and units . 23
5 Power performance method overview . 26
6 Preparation for performance test . 30
6.1 General . 30
6.2 Wind turbine and electrical connection . 30
6.3 Test site . 30
6.3.1 General . 30
6.3.2 Location of the meteorological mast wind measurement equipment . 30
6.3.3 Measurement sector . 31
6.3.4 Correction factors and uncertainty due to flow distortion originating from
topography . 31
7 Test equipment . 32
7.1 Electric power . 32
7.2 Wind speed . 32
7.2.1 General . 32
7.2.2 General requirements for meteorological mast mounted anemometers . 34
7.2.3 Top-mounted anemometers . 34
7.2.4 Side-mounted anemometers . 35
7.2.5 Remote sensing device (RSD) . 35
7.2.6 Rotor equivalent wind speed measurement . 35
7.2.7 Hub height wind speed measurement . 36
7.2.8 Wind shear measurements . 36
7.3 Wind direction . 38
7.4 Air density. 38
7.5 Rotational speed and pitch angle . 39
7.6 Blade condition . 39
7.7 Wind turbine control system . 39
7.8 Data acquisition system . 39
8 Measurement procedure . 39
8.1 General . 39
8.2 Wind turbine operation . 40
8.3 Data collection . 40
8.4 Data rejection . 40
8.5 Data correction .
8.5 Database . 41
9 Derived results . 42
9.1 Data normalisation . 42
9.1.1 General . 42
9.1.2 Correction for meteorological mast flow distortion of side-mounted
anemometer . 43
9.1.3 Wind shear correction (when REWS measurements available) . 43
9.1.4 Wind veer correction . 46
9.1.5 Air density normalisation. 46
9.1.6 Turbulence normalisation . 47
9.2 Determination of the measured power curve . 47
9.3 Annual energy production (AEP) . 48
9.4 Power coefficient . 50
10 Reporting format . 50
Annex A (normative) Assessment of influences caused by wind turbines and obstacles
at the test site . 66
A.1 General . 66
A.2 Requirements regarding neighbouring and operating wind turbines . 66
A.3 Requirements regarding obstacles . 67
A.4 Method for calculation of sectors to exclude . 68
A.5 Special requirements for extended obstacles . 71
Annex B (normative) Assessment of terrain at the test site . 72
Annex C (normative) Site calibration procedure . 75
C.1 General . 75
C.2 Overview of the procedure . 76
C.3 Test set-up . 78
C.3.1 Considerations for selection of the test wind turbine and location of the
meteorological mast. 78
C.3.2 Instrumentation . 80
C.4 Data acquisition and analysis rejection criteria . 81
C.5 Selection of final measurement sector.
C.5 Uncertainty Analysis . 82
C.5.1 Assessment of site shear conditions . 82
C.5.2 Method 1: Bins of wind direction and wind shear . 84
C.5.3 Method 2: Linear regression method where shear is not a significant
influence . 85
C.5.4 Additional calculations . 86
C.6 Report requirements Site calibration uncertainty . 87
C.6.1 Site calibration category A uncertainty . 87
C.6.2 Site calibration category B uncertainty . 88
C.6.3 Combined uncertainty . 89
C.7 Quality checks and additional uncertainties . 89
C.7.1 Convergence check . 89
C.7.2 Correlation check for linear regression (see C.5.3) . 89
C.7.3 Change in correction between adjacent wind direction bins . 89
C.7.4 Removal of the wind direction sensor between site calibration and
power performance test . 90
C.7.5 Site calibration and power performance measurements in different
seasons . 91
C.8 Verification of results . 91
C.9 Site calibration examples . 93
C.9.1 Example A . 93
C.9.2 Example B . 98
C.9.3 Example C . 105
Annex D (normative) Evaluation of uncertainty in measurement . 108
Annex E (informative) Theoretical basis for determining the uncertainty of
measurement using the met
...
IEC 61400-12-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2017-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Wind energy generation systems –
Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind
turbines
Systèmes de génération d'énergie éolienne –
Partie 12-1: Mesures de performance de puissance des éoliennes de production
d'électricité
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
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Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
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The stand-alone application for consulting the entire The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, electrical terms containing 20 000 terms and definitions in
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other English and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional
documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
iPad. Vocabulary (IEV) online.
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a 65 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
CISPR.
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IEC 61400-12-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2017-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Wind energy generation systems –
Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind
turbines
Systèmes de génération d'énergie éolienne –
Partie 12-1: Mesures de performance de puissance des éoliennes de production
d'électricité
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-3823-3
– 2 – IEC 61400-12-1:2017 © IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 13
INTRODUCTION . 15
1 Scope . 16
2 Normative references . 16
3 Terms and definitions . 17
4 Symbols and units . 20
5 Power performance method overview . 23
6 Preparation for performance test . 27
6.1 General . 27
6.2 Wind turbine and electrical connection . 27
6.3 Test site . 27
6.3.1 General . 27
6.3.2 Location of the wind measurement equipment . 27
6.3.3 Measurement sector . 28
6.3.4 Correction factors and uncertainty due to flow distortion originating from
topography . 28
7 Test equipment . 29
7.1 Electric power . 29
7.2 Wind speed . 29
7.2.1 General . 29
7.2.2 General requirements for meteorological mast mounted anemometers . 30
7.2.3 Top-mounted anemometers . 31
7.2.4 Side-mounted anemometers . 31
7.2.5 Remote sensing device (RSD) . 31
7.2.6 Rotor equivalent wind speed measurement . 32
7.2.7 Hub height wind speed measurement . 32
7.2.8 Wind shear measurements . 32
7.3 Wind direction . 34
7.4 Air density. 34
7.5 Rotational speed and pitch angle . 35
7.6 Blade condition . 35
7.7 Wind turbine control system . 35
7.8 Data acquisition system . 35
8 Measurement procedure . 35
8.1 General . 35
8.2 Wind turbine operation . 35
8.3 Data collection . 36
8.4 Data rejection . 36
8.5 Database . 37
9 Derived results . 37
9.1 Data normalisation . 37
9.1.1 General . 37
9.1.2 Correction for meteorological mast flow distortion of side-mounted
anemometer . 38
9.1.3 Wind shear correction (when REWS measurements available) . 38
9.1.4 Wind veer correction . 41
9.1.5 Air density normalisation. 41
9.1.6 Turbulence normalisation . 42
9.2 Determination of the measured power curve . 42
9.3 Annual energy production (AEP) . 43
9.4 Power coefficient . 45
10 Reporting format . 45
Annex A (normative) Assessment of influences caused by wind turbines and obstacles
at the test site . 52
A.1 General . 52
A.2 Requirements regarding neighbouring and operating wind turbines . 52
A.3 Requirements regarding obstacles . 53
A.4 Method for calculation of sectors to exclude . 53
A.5 Special requirements for extended obstacles . 57
Annex B (normative) Assessment of terrain at the test site . 58
Annex C (normative) Site calibration procedure . 61
C.1 General . 61
C.2 Overview of the procedure . 61
C.3 Test set-up . 63
C.3.1 Considerations for selection of the test wind turbine and location of the
meteorological mast. 63
C.3.2 Instrumentation . 65
C.4 Data acquisition and rejection criteria .
...
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