IEC 60695-6-1:2021
(Main)Fire hazard testing - Part 6-1: Smoke obscuration - General guidance
Fire hazard testing - Part 6-1: Smoke obscuration - General guidance
IEC 60695-6-1:2021 is available as IEC 60695-6-1:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60695-6-1:2021 gives guidance on:
a) the optical measurement of obscuration of smoke;
b) general aspects of optical smoke test methods;
c) consideration of test methods;
d) expression of smoke test data;
e) the relevance of optical smoke data to hazard assessment.
This basic safety publication focusing on safety guidance is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of safety publications in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60695-6-1 published in 2005 and Amendment 1:2010. It constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- References to IEC TS 60695-6-30 (withdrawn in 2016) have been removed.
- References to IEC TS 60695-6-31 (withdrawn in 2016) have been removed.
- References to ISO 5659-2 have been inserted.
- The scope contains some additional text.
- Terms and definitions have been updated.
- Subclause 3.2 has been updated.
- Subclause 7.1 has been updated.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-6-2.
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu - Partie 6-1: Obscurcissement dû à la fumée - Recommandations générales
IEC 60695-6-1:2021 est disponible sous forme de IEC 60695-6-1:2021 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente.
L'IEC 60695-6-1 fournit des recommandations relatives:
a) au mesurage optique de l'obscurcissement de la lumière par la fumée;
b) aux aspects généraux des méthodes d’essais optiques de la fumée;
c) aux considérations concernant les méthodes d’essai;
d) à l’expression des résultats d’essais de fumée;
e) à la pertinence des résultats des mesurages optiques de la fumée pour l’évaluation du danger.
La présente publication fondamentale de sécurité portant sur des recommandations de sécurité est avant tout destinée à être utilisée par les comités d'études dans le cadre de l'élaboration de publications de sécurité, conformément aux principes établis dans le Guide 104 de l’IEC et dans le Guide ISO/IEC 51.
L'une des responsabilités d'un comité d'études consiste, le cas échéant, à utiliser les publications fondamentales de sécurité dans le cadre de l'élaboration de ses publications.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition de l’IEC 60695-6-1 parue en 2005 et l’Amendement 1:2010. Elle constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
- Les références à l’IEC TS 60695-6-30 (annulée en 2016) ont été supprimées.
- Les références à l’IEC TS 60695-6-31 (annulée en 2016) ont été supprimées.
- Des références à l’ISO 5659-2 ont été ajoutées.
- Le domaine d’application contient du texte supplémentaire.
- Les termes et définitions ont été mis à jour.
- Le paragraphe 3.2 a été mis à jour.
- Le paragraphe 7.1 a été mis à jour.
Elle a le statut de publication fondamentale de sécurité, conformément au Guide IEC 104 et au Guide ISO/IEC 51. Cette Norme internationale doit être utilisée conjointement avec l’IEC 60695-6-2.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 60695-6-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-08
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
HORIZONTAL PUBLICATION
Fire hazard testing –
Part 6-1: Smoke obscuration – General guidance
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC online collection - oc.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews. With a subscription you will always
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced have access to up to date content tailored to your needs.
and withdrawn publications.
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and
and French, with equivalent terms in 18 additional languages.
once a month by email.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
IEC 60695-6-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-08
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
HORIZONTAL PUBLICATION
Fire hazard testing –
Part 6-1: Smoke obscuration – General guidance
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.220.99; 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-4443-2
– 2 – IEC 60695-6-1:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 2
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references. 8
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 9
4 General aspects of smoke test methods . 14
4.1 Fire scenarios and physical fire models . 14
4.2 Factors affecting smoke production . 15
4.2.1 General . 15
4.2.2 Modes of decomposition . 16
4.2.3 Ventilation and the burning environment . 19
4.2.4 Time and temperature . 19
4.2.5 Removal mechanisms for smoke particles. 19
5 Principles of smoke measurement . 19
5.1 General . 19
5.2 Bouguer's law . 19
5.3 Extinction area . 20
5.4 Log units . 21
5.5 Light sources . 21
5.6 Specific extinction area of smoke. 21
5.7 Mass optical density of smoke . 22
5.8 Visibility . 23
6 Static and dynamic methods . 23
6.1 Static methods . 23
6.1.1 Principles . 23
6.1.2 Extinction area of smoke . 23
6.1.3 Specific optical density of smoke . 24
6.1.4 Prediction of visibility . 24
6.2 Dynamic methods . 24
6.2.1 Principles . 24
6.2.2 Smoke production rate . 24
6.2.3 Total smoke production . 25
6.2.4 SMOGRA index . 25
7 Test methods . 26
7.1 Consideration of test methods . 26
7.2 Selection of test specimen . 27
8 Presentation of data . 27
9 Relevance of data to hazard assessment . 27
Annex A (informative) Calculation of visibility . 30
A.1 General . 30
A.2 Example. 30
Annex B (informative) Relationships between D and some other smoke parameters
s
as measured in IEC 60695-6-30 and IEC 60695-6-31 ISO 5659-2 [4] . 32
Annex C (informative) Relationships between per cent transmission, as measured in a
"three metre cube" enclosure, and extinction area . 34
Bibliography . 36
Figure 1 – Different phases in the development of a fire within a compartment . 15
Figure 2 – Attenuation of light by smoke . 20
Figure 3 – Extinction area . 21
Figure 4 – Dynamic smoke measurement . 24
Figure 5 – Example SPRav versus t curve . 26
Figure 6 – SMOGRA curve derived from Figure 5 . 26
Figure 7 – Evaluation and consideration of smoke test methods . 29
Figure A.1 – Visibility (ω) versus extinction coefficient (k) . 30
Figure B.1 – Smoke parameters related to D as measured in IEC 60695-6-30 and
s
IEC 60695-6-31 ISO 5659-2 . 33
Figure C.1 – Extinction area (amount of smoke) related to per cent transmission as
measured in the "three metre cube" . 35
Table 1 – Characteristics of fire stages (from Table 1 in ISO 19706:2011) . 17
Table B.1 – Conversion from D to some other smoke parameters as measured in
s
IEC 60695-6-30 and IEC 60695-6-31 ISO 5659-2 . 32
Table C.1 – Conversions from per cent transmission, as measured in the "three metre
cube" to amount of smoke (extinction area) . 34
– 4 – IEC 60695-6-1:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 6-1: Smoke obscuration –
General guidance
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC
Publication(s)"). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes made to
the previous edition IEC 60695-6-1:2005+AMD1:2010 CSV. A vertical bar appears in the margin
wherever a change has been made. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough
red text.
International Standard IEC 60695-6-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89: Fire
hazard testing.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60695-6-1 published in
...
IEC 60695-6-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
HORIZONTAL PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION HORIZONTALE
Fire hazard testing –
Part 6-1: Smoke obscuration – General guidance
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 6-1: Obscurcissement dû à la fumée – Recommandations générales
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des
questions sur le copyright de l'IEC ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez
les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de l'IEC de votre pays de résidence.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC online collection - oc.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews. With a subscription you will always
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced have access to up to date content tailored to your needs.
and withdrawn publications.
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and
and French, with equivalent terms in 18 additional languages.
once a month by email.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
A propos de l'IEC
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.
A propos des publications IEC
Le contenu technique des publications IEC est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez l’édition la
plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.
Recherche de publications IEC - IEC online collection - oc.iec.ch
webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Découvrez notre puissant moteur de recherche et consultez
La recherche avancée permet de trouver des publications IEC gratuitement tous les aperçus des publications. Avec un
en utilisant différents critères (numéro de référence, texte, abonnement, vous aurez toujours accès à un contenu à jour
comité d’études, …). Elle donne aussi des informations sur adapté à vos besoins.
les projets et les publications remplacées ou retirées.
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Le premier dictionnaire d'électrotechnologie en ligne au
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications IEC. Just
monde, avec plus de 22 000 articles terminologiques en
Published détaille les nouvelles publications parues.
anglais et en français, ainsi que les termes équivalents dans
Disponible en ligne et une fois par mois par email.
16 langues additionnelles. Egalement appelé Vocabulaire
Electrotechnique International (IEV) en ligne.
Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette
publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous:
sales@iec.ch.
IEC 60695-6-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
HORIZONTAL PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION HORIZONTALE
Fire hazard testing –
Part 6-1: Smoke obscuration – General guidance
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 6-1: Obscurcissement dû à la fumée – Recommandations générales
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.220.99; 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-1004-7
– 2 – IEC 60695-6-1:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references. 7
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 10
4 General aspects of smoke test methods . 11
4.1 Fire scenarios and physical fire models . 11
4.2 Factors affecting smoke production . 12
4.2.1 General . 12
4.2.2 Modes of decomposition . 12
4.2.3 Ventilation and the burning environment . 16
4.2.4 Time and temperature . 16
4.2.5 Removal mechanisms for smoke particles. 16
5 Principles of smoke measurement . 16
5.1 General . 16
5.2 Bouguer's law . 16
5.3 Extinction area . 17
5.4 Log units . 18
5.5 Light sources . 18
5.6 Specific extinction area of smoke. 18
5.7 Mass optical density of smoke . 19
5.8 Visibility . 20
6 Static and dynamic methods . 20
6.1 Static methods . 20
6.1.1 Principles . 20
6.1.2 Extinction area of smoke . 20
6.1.3 Specific optical density of smoke . 21
6.1.4 Prediction of visibility . 21
6.2 Dynamic methods . 21
6.2.1 Principles . 21
6.2.2 Smoke production rate . 21
6.2.3 Total smoke production . 22
6.2.4 SMOGRA index . 22
7 Test methods . 23
7.1 Consideration of test methods . 23
7.2 Selection of test specimen . 24
8 Presentation of data . 24
9 Relevance of data to hazard assessment . 24
Annex A (informative) Calculation of visibility . 27
A.1 General . 27
A.2 Example. 27
Annex B (informative) Relationships between D and some other smoke parameters
s
as measured in ISO 5659-2 [4] . 29
Annex C (informative) Relationships between per cent transmission, as measured in a
"three metre cube" enclosure, and extinction area . 31
Bibliography . 33
Figure 1 – Different phases in the development of a fire within a compartment . 12
Figure 2 – Attenuation of light by smoke . 17
Figure 3 – Extinction area . 18
Figure 4 – Dynamic smoke measurement . 21
Figure 5 – Example SPRav versus t curve . 23
Figure 6 – SMOGRA curve derived from Figure 5 . 23
Figure 7 – Evaluation and consideration of smoke test methods . 26
Figure A.1 – Visibility (ω) versus extinction coefficient (k) . 27
Figure B.1 – Smoke parameters related to D as measured in ISO 5659-2 . 30
s
Figure C.1 – Extinction area (amount of smoke) related to per cent transmission as
measured in the "three metre cube" . 32
Table 1 – Characteristics of fire stages (from Table 1 in ISO 19706:2011) . 14
Table B.1 – Conversion from D to some other smoke parameters as measured in
s
ISO 5659-2 . 29
Table C.1 – Conversions from per cent transmission, as measured in the "three metre
cube" to amount of smoke (extinction area) . 31
– 4 – IEC 60695-6-1:2021 © IEC 2021
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 6-1: Smoke obscuration –
General guidance
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC
Publication(s)"). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determine
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.