ISO 28560-1:2011

Information and documentation - RFID in libraries - Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation

ISO 28560-1:2011 specifies a model for the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries, including academic, public, corporate, special and school. ISO 28560-1:2011 provides the framework to ensure interoperability between libraries in exchange of library items with RFID tags, the freedom of the library to acquire or renew equipment or library items from different vendors and interoperability of a single RFID application from the vendor's perspective. ISO 28560-1:2011 specifies a set of data elements and general guidelines for implementation, to meet the needs for: circulation of library items; acquisition of library items; inter-library loan processes; data requirements of publishers, printers and other suppliers of library items; inventory and stock checking of items. ISO 28560-1:2011 gives guidelines for item security, profiles, privacy, implementation, migration, label design and location of the RFID label. ISO 28560-1:2011 specifies the data model, system data elements and user data elements to be used in conjunction with ISO 28560-2, ISO 28560-3 and any future parts of ISO 28560.

Information et documentation — RFID dans les bibliothèques — Partie 1: Éléments de données et lignes directrices générales pour la mise en oeuvre

Informatika in dokumentacija - RFID v knjižnicah - 1. del: Podatkovni elementi in splošne smernice za izvedbo

Ta del ISO 28560 določa model za uporabo oznak radiofrekvenčnega razpoznavanja (RFID) za predmete, primerne za potrebe vseh vrst knjižnic, vključno z akademskimi, javnimi, v podjetjih, specialnimi in šolskimi.
Ta del ISO 28560 podaja okvir za zagotavljanje interoperabilnosti med knjižnicami, ki si izmenjujejo knjižnične predmete z oznakami RFID, neodvisnosti knjižnic pri dobavi ali obnavljanju opreme ali knjižničnih predmetov različnih prodajalcev ter interoperabilnost ene RFID aplikacije z vidika trgovcev.
Ta del ISO 28560 določa niz podatkovnih elementov in splošne smernice za izpolnitev potrebe po:
⎯ kroženju knjižničnih predmetov;
⎯ dobavljanju knjižničnih predmetov;
⎯ postopki medknjižnične izposoje;
⎯ podatkovnimi zahtevami založnikov, tiskarjev in drugih dobaviteljev knjižničnih predmetov;
⎯ popisu in preverjanju zalog predmetov.
Ta del ISO 28560 podaja smernice za varnost predmetov, profile, zasebnost, izvedbo, selitev, zasnovo oznake in lokacijo oznake RFID.
Ta del ISO 28560 določa podatkovni model, sistemske podatkovne elemente in uporabniške podatkovne elemente za uporabo skupaj z ISO 28560-2, ISO 28560-3 in prihodnjimi deli ISO 28560.
Vir dodatnih informacij o izvedbenih zadevah je naveden v dodatku A.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 21-Mar-2011
• Withdrawal Date: 21-Mar-2011
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.50 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• ICS: 35.240.30 - IT applications in information, documentation and publishing
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 46/SC 4 - Technical interoperability
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 46/SC 4 - Technical interoperability
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 18-Aug-2014
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025
• Ref Project: SIST ISO 28560-1:2011 - Information and documentation - RFID in librairies - Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation

Relations

• Revised: ISO 28560-1:2014 - Information and documentation - RFID in libraries - Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation
• Effective Date: 02-Nov-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 28560-1
First edition
2011-04-01
Information and documentation — RFID
in libraries —
Part 1:
Data elements and general guidelines for
implementation
Information et documentation — RFID dans les bibliothèques
Partie 1: Éléments de données et lignes directrices générales pour la
mise en œuvre
Reference number
©
ISO 2011
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©  ISO 2011
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ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 User data elements.2
4.1 Overview of user data elements .2
4.2 Use of user data elements.5
4.3 Maintenance of the list of data elements used.11
5 System data elements.11
5.1 System data versus user data.11
5.2 System data elements for identification and item security in libraries .11
6 Tools for data security and integrity .13
7 Regional and business profiling.13
7.1 Elements for profiles.13
7.2 Regional profiles .13
7.3 Business profiles.14
8 Privacy issues.14
9 Implementation and migration .15
9.1 New RFID implementations .15
9.2 Migration for regional models.15
9.3 Use of the correct AFI value.15
9.4 Discrimination between ISO 28560-compliant and non-compliant tags.15
9.5 Migrations of ISO/IEC 18000-3 Mode 1 RFID tags .16
9.6 Migrations of other RFID tag technologies.16
9.7 Conversion methodologies .17
9.8 Preservation of business profiles during migration.17
10 Label design and location of the label .17
10.1 Label design.17
10.2 Location of the RFID label .17
Annex A (informative) Information about ISO 28560 RFID in libraries .18
Annex B (informative) Uniqueness of RFID tags .19
Annex C (normative) Type of usage code values (hexadecimal).20
Annex D (informative) Country prefixes for supplier identifier.22
Annex E (informative) Interoperability characteristics of security systems.23
Bibliography.28

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 28560-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 4, Technical interoperability.
ISO 28560 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information and documentation — RFID in
libraries:
⎯ Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation
⎯ Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
⎯ Part 3: Fixed length encoding
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Libraries are implementing RFID (radio frequency identification) as item identification to replace bar codes.
RFID streamlines applications like user self-service, security, and materials handling. A standard data model
for encoding information on RFID tags could increase the cost-effectiveness of the technology within libraries
particularly through greater interoperability of RFID tags and equipment, and enhance support for resource
sharing between libraries.
Tags that are currently used in libraries will use proprietary rules adopted by vendors or follow the rules of
historic national RFID models. In general, there will be no interoperability between tags with a data model
compliant with ISO 28560 and tags that carry a non-ISO 28560-compliant data model.
Several countries have undertaken preliminary work on standardization. The Netherlands developed a data
model for public libraries and in Denmark “RFID Data Model for Libraries” has been published. Finland has
adopted the Danish model, but with a few changes. There is a French data model that differs from the Danish
and Dutch models. Other libraries in different parts of the world have installations based on various proprietary
systems offered by technology and library system suppliers. All of these constitute the installed base of RFID
systems, but only account for a small minority of the total of libraries globally.
There is an opportunity to develop a standard data model, taking into account the lessons learned from the
national schemes and vendor solutions, and provide migration options for those libraries that have already
invested in the technology. Because new items are continually being purchased, a number of migration
options can be adopted based on factors relevant to each library.
This part of ISO 28560 deals with data elements and provides general guidelines for implementation. Other
parts of ISO 28560 describe encodings and choice of frequency.
Communication between the RFID reader and the library system (or other applications) is handled by, for
example, SIP-2 and NCIP (see Bibliography).
ISO 28560 provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries. Ongoing advice needs to
be provided because of the evolving nature of RFID technology, and the opportunities to migrate between
different types of legacy system and encoding rules of ISO 28560.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28560-1:2011(E)

Information and documentation — RFID in libraries —
Part 1:
Data elements and general guidelines for implementation
1 Scope
This part of ISO 28560 specifies a model for the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for items
appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries, including academic, public, corporate, special and school.
This part of ISO 28560 provides the framework to ensure interoperability between libraries that exchange
library items with RFID tags, the freedom of the library to acquire or renew equipment or library items from
different vendors and interoperability of a single RFID application from the vendor's perspective.
This part of ISO 28560 specifies a set of data elements and general guidelines for implementation, to meet the
needs for:
⎯ circulation of library items;
⎯ acquisition of library items;
⎯ interlibrary loan processes;
⎯ data requirements of publishers, printers and other suppliers of library items;
⎯ inventory and stock checking of items.
This part of ISO 28560 gives guidelines for item security, profiles, privacy, implementation, migration, label
design and location of the RFID label.
This part of ISO 28560 specifies the data model, system data elements and user data elements to be used in
conjunction with ISO 28560-2, ISO 28560-3 and any future parts of ISO 28560.
A source of additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 15961-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management: Data
protocol — Part 3: RFID data constructs
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
distributor
wholesaler that purchases products from manufacturers and sells them to retailers or other wholesalers
NOTE In the context of ISO 28560, a distributor is a wholesaler that purchases library materials such as books or
audiovisual materials from publishers and sells them to libraries or retailers.
3.2
interlibrary loan
ILL
service where a library borrows an item from another library
3.3
item
unit tracked in a library system
NOTE An item, which can be a set (3.7), can be loanable or non-circulating, but is always loaned in its entirety.
3.4
jobber
specialized distributor of library items that provides services such as the attachment of labelling and electronic
information to items to make them ready for immediate shelving upon arrival at the destination library
3.5
library management system
enterprise resource planning system for a library, used to track items owned, items loaned, orders made, bills
paid, and patrons
NOTE In some countries, this is known as an integrated library system.
3.6
part
individual physical entity included in an item
3.7
set
item consisting of a number of parts, all identified by the same item identifier and loaned in one transaction as
a unit
3.8
supply chain
series of entities, typically beginning with a publisher and ending with a library, through which library materials
flow as they are acquired by that library
4 User data elements
4.1 Overview of user data elements
Libraries may choose which data elements they want to store on the tag. It is unlikely that a library will place
all the listed data elements on the tag. A number of data elements are reserved for local use. They should be
ignored where the processing institution is not the owner of the item (as in ILL).
Table 1 lists the user data elements that are defined in ISO 28560.
2 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

Table 1 — User data elements
Name of the ISO 8459
a c d f g
N Description Ref Status Relationship
b e
data element mapping
1 Primary item Unique identification 4.2.1 Piece identifier Mandatory for None
identifier of an item at least circulated items
inside the library
2 Content parameter Specifies the 4.2.2 None May be mandatory None
structure of the tag as specified in
data other parts of
ISO 28560
3 Owner institution The ISIL code for the 4.2.3 Party identifier; Strongly Elements 3 and 23
(ISIL) institution that owns Participant's recommended to are mutually
the item function create exclusive
interoperability
4 Set information Number of parts in 4.2.4 Number of Optional None
item and ordinal part volumes;
number Component
5 Type of usage Additional qualifying 4.2.5 None Optional None
information about the
item
6 Shelf location Code for location of 4.2.6 Copy shelf locator Optional None
the item
7 ONIX media format ONIX media 4.2.7 Record content Optional Data elements 7, 8
descriptor type and 19 should be
consistent
8 MARC media MARC 21 category 4.2.8 Record content Optional Data elements 7, 8
format of material descriptor type and 19 should be
consistent
9 Supplier identifier Code for 4.2.9 Party identifier; Optional None
identification of Participant's
supplier of the item function
10 Order number Number meaningful 4.2.10 Request identifier Optional None
to the library and to
the supplier of the
item
11 ILL borrowing ISIL code for the 4.2.11 Party identifier; Optional Data elements 11
institution (ISIL) institution borrowing Participant's and 25 are mutually
the item function exclusive
12 ILL borrowing Number identifying 4.2.12 None Optional None
transaction number an interlibrary loan
transaction
13 GS1 product GTIN-13 code of 4.2.13 Resource identifier Optional Data elements 13
identifier GS1 code and 18 should be
consistent
14 Alternative unique Possibly encoding in 4.2.14 None Reserved for future
item identifier new tag use
architectures
15 Local data A Any locally defined 4.2.15 None Optional None
purpose
16 Local data B Any locally defined 4.2.16 None Optional None
purpose
17 Title The title/titles of the 4.2.17 Title Optional None
library item
Table 1 (continued)
Name of the ISO 8459
a c d f g
N Description Ref Status Relationship
b e
data element mapping
18 Product identifier Product identifier not 4.2.18 Resource identifier Optional Data elements 13
local based on GTIN-13 code and 18 should be
consistent
19 Media format Media descriptor 4.2.19 Record content Optional Data elements 7, 8
(other) other than ONIX or type and 19 should be
MARC consistent
20 Supply chain stage The stage of the 4.2.20 None Optional None
supply chain in
which the item
currently resides
21 Supplier invoice Invoice number 4.2.21 Invoice identifier Optional None
number meaningful to the
library and to the
supplier of the item
22 Alternative item Optional identifier for 4.2.22 Piece identifier Optional None
identifier an item
23 Alternative owner Code for the library 4.2.23 Party identifier; Optional Data elements 3
institution institution other than Participant's and 23 are mutually
ISIL function exclusive
24 Subsidiary of an Internal code defined 4.2.24 Party identifier; Optional None
owner institution within a library Participant's
institution function
25 Alternative ILL Code for the ILL 4.2.25 Party identifier; Optional Data elements 11
borrowing borrowing institution Participant's and 25 are mutually
institution other than ISIL function exclusive
26 Local data C Any locally defined 4.2.26 None Optional None
purpose
27 Not defined 4.2.27 Reserved for future
use
28 Not defined 4.2.28 Reserved for future
use
29 Not defined 4.2.29 Reserved for future
use
30 Not defined 4.2.30 Reserved for future
use
31 Not defined 4.2.31 Reserved for future
use
a
This column specifies the data element number (N), i.e. the number identifying the data element.
b
This column specifies the data element name (name of data element), i.e. the name identifying the data element.
c
This column specifies the data element description, i.e. a brief description about the purpose of the data element.
d
This column contains a reference to the clause where the data element is described.
e
This column contains the mapping to the corresponding data elements in ISO 8459. The mapping is for information.
f
This column classifies the data elements into categories (status).
g
This column specifies possible relationships to other data elements (relationship).

4 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

4.2 Use of user data elements
4.2.1 Primary item identifier
The library's unique identification of an item shall be used as the primary item identifier. This data element is
required for circulation. It may be absent in the acquisition process.
The primary item identifier can be, but need not be equivalent to the (former) bar code. It may be decided at a
local or national level if the identifier should be unique outside the library and how this is to be achieved.
Annex B illustrates how the primary item identifier can be combined with other data to achieve increasing
levels of uniqueness, ultimately global uniqueness.
4.2.2 Content parameter
The content parameter data element specifies the structure of the tag data. The parameter can have different
forms for the various possible encoding methodologies specified in other parts of ISO 28560.
4.2.3 Owner institution (ISIL)
The owner institution (ISIL) data element is used for the ISIL code for the institution that owns the item.
The ISIL code shall be as defined in ISO 15511.
The list of ISIL agencies that are responsible for the issuing process of ISIL codes can be found at
http://biblstandard.dk/isil/.
In exceptional cases, the ISIL code, or parts of the ISIL code, may be stored in data element 23 (alternative
owner institution).
4.2.4 Set information
4.2.4.1 General
If the set information data element is encoded, it shall consist of two components:
a) “number of parts in item”, followed by
b) “ordinal part number”,
as specified in 4.2.4.2 and 4.2.4.3. These two component parameters are used to identify various
permutations relating to sets.
A single part item is the default case. A system reading a tag that does not contain the set information data
element may assume that the item has only a single part.
4.2.4.2 Numbers of parts in item
For sets with only a single part, the “numbers of parts in item” component shall take the value “1”.
For sets with more than a single part, the “numbers of parts in item” component shall take a value in the
range 0 to 255, where a positive number indicates the total number of parts in the set, and 0 that the total
number is not known.
4.2.4.3 Ordinal part number
For sets with only a single part, the “ordinal part number” component shall take the value “1”.
For sets with more than a single part, the “ordinal part number” component shall take a value in the range 0 to
255, under one of these two conditions.
⎯ If all parts in the set carry an RFID tag, a positive ordinal part number corresponding to the placement of
the part in the set shall be assigned to each part.
⎯ If only some of the parts in the set carry an RFID tag, the first part shall be assigned the ordinal part
number 0, and the following parts an ordinal part number corresponding to the placement of the part in
the set. As a consequence, no part shall be assigned the ordinal part number 1.
4.2.4.4 Examples
EXAMPLE 1 A set with three parts, all with their own RFID tags:
Number of this part = 1 (first RFID tag): code = 31
Number of this part = 2 (second RFID tag): code = 32
Number of this part = 3 (third RFID tag): code = 33
EXAMPLE 2 A set consisting of a single part with one RFID tag:
Number of this part = 1: code = 11 (if present)
EXAMPLE 3 A set consists of 12 parts, and this is the fourth part:
Number of this part = 4 (fourth RFID tag): code = 1204
EXAMPLE 4 A set having four parts but one part does not carry an RFID tag:
Number of this part = 1 (first RFID tag): code = 40
Number of this part = 2 (second RFID tag): code = 42
Number of this part = 3 (third RFID tag): code = 43
Number of this part = 4 (no RFID tag)
NOTE 1 The “0” of the first part serves two functions:
a) it indicates that not all parts have an RFID tag, and
b) it indicates that this is the first part.
EXAMPLE 5 A set having an unknown number of parts or increasing in number of parts over time.
Number of this part = 1 (first RFID tag): code = 01
Number of this part = 2 (second RFID tag): code = 02
Number of this part = 3 (third RFID tag): code = 03
Number of this part = 4 (fourth RFID tag): code = 04
NOTE 2 The initial “0” indicates that the number of parts is not fixed.
6 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

4.2.5 Type of usage
4.2.5.1 General
The type of usage data element provides additional qualifying information about the item, for example the type
of material and its use within the library. As synergies between RFID-enabled devices become more common,
this data element may be set dynamically by one RFID device for the benefit of another. If this data element is
encoded, it shall use the values specified in Annex C.
4.2.5.2 Examples
EXAMPLE 1 An acquisition item that arrives at a library can be processed automatically if it has the following type of
usage parameters:
Main qualifier = 0 (Class = acquisition item)
Sub-qualifier = 1 (Sub-class = for automated processes)
EXAMPLE 2 If a similar acquisition item is only parameterized by a main qualifier, it can have the following type of
usage parameters:
Main qualifier = 0 (Class = acquisition item)
Sub-qualifier is absent means that the sub-class is unspecified (identical to sub-qualifier value zero)
EXAMPLE 3 An item for circulation that has to be handled with care and is not suited for automatic sorting has the
following type of usage parameters:
Main qualifier = 1 (Class = item for circulation)
Sub-qualifier = 2 (Sub-class = not for automatic sorting)
EXAMPLE 4 A discarded item that is offered for sale has the following type of usage parameters:
Main qualifier = 7 (Class = discarded item)
Sub-qualifier = 1 (Sub-class = for sale)
4.2.6 Shelf location
The shelf location data element holds the location of the item.
The data element may take any value the library decides to use. The values reflect the library's shelf location
system and are only intended for use in the library owning the item.
Automatic sorting systems may use this data element for sorting purposes.
4.2.7 ONIX media format
The ONIX media format data element shall, if encoded, represent an ONIX media descriptor of two alphabetic
characters.
These media descriptors are based on the ONIX Books Product Form Code List, published and maintained by
1)
EDItEUR . Use the latest product form code from the ONIX Books Code Lists (see http://www.editeur.org).

1) EDItEUR is the international group coordinating development of the standards infrastructure for electronic commerce
in the book and serials industries.
4.2.8 MARC media format
The MARC media format data element shall, if encoded, represent a MARC 21 category of material
descriptor.
This media descriptor is a compound of two letters defined by positions 6 and 7 in the leader of a MARC 21
record. See http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic.
4.2.9 Supplier identifier
The supplier identifier data element is used for identification of the supplier of the item.
If a supplier code is determined by the purchasing library or its owner body (e.g. university, city, government)
there might be structure rules already in place. If not, it is recommended to define a unique list on a national
level. Annex D indicates a method using a country prefix.
4.2.10 Order number
The order number data element is used for an order number meaningful to the library and to the supplier of
the item.
4.2.11 ILL borrowing institution (ISIL)
The ILL borrowing institution (ISIL) data element is used for identification of an institution borrowing the item.
When using this data element, the borrowing institution shall be represented by the ISIL code according to
ISO 15511. The data element is formatted according to similar rules as defined for the owner institution (ISIL)
data element (4.2.3). The ILL borrowing institution (ISIL) data element and the alternative ILL borrowing
institution data element (4.2.25) are mutually exclusive.
4.2.12 ILL borrowing transaction number
The ILL borrowing transaction number data element is used to identify an ILL transaction.
The ILL borrowing transaction number is assigned by the ILL transaction processing system and encoded by
the lending institution to identify an interlibrary loan transaction. The structure of the number is locally defined.
4.2.13 GS1 product identifier
2)
The GS1 product identifier data element shall, if encoded, be used to store the GTIN-13 code of GS1 .
The Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) is a code that identifies the product and not the individual item.
The GTIN-13 has 13 digits and is commonly seen on retail products in a bar code format and is (without the
check digit) also an element of tags used in retail that follow the electronic product code scheme of GS1/EPC
3)
Global. The GTIN-13 code is commonly called the UPC code in the United States, and in other parts of the
4)
world it is known as the EAN-13 code .
The GTIN-13 code includes the encoding of:
⎯ the ISBN, with the prefixes “978” and “979”;

2) GS1 is a global organization for standards and solutions to supply and demand chains globally and across sectors.
3) The Universal Product Code (UPC) is a specific type of bar code used for tracking trade items.
4) European Article Number (EAN) 13 digit code.
8 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

⎯ the ISSN with the prefix “977”;
⎯ the ISMN with the prefix “979”.
The code structure for CDs, DVDs and other products without formal registration codes follows conventional
GS1 rules. This means that for many products that originate in the United States, the code shall be expanded
with leading zeros to conform to the 13-digit structure. Codes on products from most other countries use the
full 13-digit structure. Encoding everything in a 13-digit structure is important because the final digit is a check
digit that may be used for validation processes in some systems.
4.2.14 Alternative unique item identifier
This data element is reserved for possibly encoding in new tag architectures.
4.2.15 Local data A
The local data A data element is used for any locally defined purpose. The structure and formatting is locally
defined.
4.2.16 Local data B
The local data B data element is used for any locally defined purpose. The structure and formatting is locally
defined.
4.2.17 Title
The title data element holds the title or titles of the library item.
4.2.18 Product identifier local
The product identifier local data element is used for a product code not based on the GTIN-13 codes.
This data element may be used for items that do not have a GTIN-13 code, or for which the GTIN-13 code is
not known or not adequate. This enables information systems linked to various code structures to be
supported by the RFID system.
4.2.19 Media format (other)
The media format (other) data element represents any media descriptor other than ONIX or MARC.
4.2.20 Supply chain stage
The supply chain stage data element is used to identify the stage of the supply chain in which the item
currently resides. While current practice is for individual library institutions to add RFID tags to their own
material, this data element might become significant if tagging becomes more common at “upstream” stages
of the library material supply chain.
Table 2 lists the supply chain stage code decimal values that shall be used if this data element is encoded.
Table 2 — Supply chain stage code
Supply chain stage code Supply chain stage
16 Manufacturer
24 Publisher
32 Distributor
48 Jobber
64 Library
Other values for supply chain stage are reserved for future use and may only be encoded once they have
been defined in future editions of this part of ISO 28560. For this specific data element, the value “0” indicates
“undefined”.
4.2.21 Supplier invoice number
The supplier invoice number data element is used for a locally designated invoice number meaningful to the
library and to the supplier of the library material.
This data element may be left permanently written to the tag or it may be used only temporarily during an
acquisitions process.
4.2.22 Alternative item identifier
The alternative item identifier data element is used for a locally designated optional identifier.
This data element may be temporary and have only local meaning as during an acquisitions process or it may
contain other identifiers as deemed necessary.
4.2.23 Alternative owner institution
The alternative owner institution data element is used for an alternative identification of the library institution
(i.e. not ISIL).
The data element may be used, for example, where a library identifier scheme pre-dates the ISIL and cannot
easily be converted into an ISIL-compliant scheme. This data element may be used in exceptional cases for
the ISIL code, or parts of the ISIL code (see 4.2.3).
4.2.24 Subsidiary of an owner institution
The subsidiary of an owner institution data element is used to refine the identity to a level lower than the ISIL,
e.g. a branch or collection. As such it is an internal code defined within a library institution.
4.2.25 Alternative ILL borrowing institution
The alternative ILL borrowing institution data element is used for an alternative code for the ILL borrowing
institution (i.e. not ISIL).
This data element and the ILL borrowing institution (ISIL) data element (4.2.11) are mutually exclusive and
only one of them shall be encoded on the tag.
4.2.26 Local data C
The local data C data element is used for any locally defined purpose. The structure and formatting is locally
defined.
10 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

4.2.27 Reserved data element
Data element reserved for future use.
4.2.28 Reserved data element
Data element reserved for future use.
4.2.29 Reserved data element
Data element reserved for future use.
4.2.30 Reserved data element
Data element reserved for future use.
4.2.31 Reserved data element
Data element reserved for future use.
4.3 Maintenance of the list of data elements used
Pending proposals for additional data elements and planned allocations for reserved data elements should be
published on the website given in Annex A.
5 System data elements
5.1 System data versus user data
Many tags have organized their memory in such a way that the user and the system data are stored in
different memory compartments. Other parts of ISO 28560 provide the details of all the system data that play
a crucial role in the system architecture. Subclause 5.2 describes the most important system data.
5.2 System data elements for identification and item security in libraries
5.2.1 General
ISO/IEC 15961-3 defines the rules for the application family identifier (AFI), the data format and the object
identifiers for RFID for item management.
The AFI, the data format and the object identifiers for RFID for item management shall be in accordance with
ISO/IEC 15961-3.
5.2.2 Application family identifier (AFI)
The AFI is a single byte code, often in the system memory of the tag, used as a tag selection mechanism
across the air interface to minimise the extent of communication transaction time with tags that do not carry
the relevant AFI code.
The hexadecimal value C2 for AFI has been assigned by the Registration Authority for ISO/IEC 15961-2

HEX
(http://iso15961.nen.nl) explicitly for library use.
A library may use the AFI in one of two ways.
⎯ It may use a single AFI, the value C2 assigned under the registration of ISO/IEC 15961-2. This
HEX
distinguishes library items from all others, and avoids the risk of an RFID reader in another domain
reading the RFID tag on a loan item and confusing its encoded content with data in an application outside
the library domain. It also enables a library system to reject items that carry a different AFI code, possibly
from another domain visited by a client.
⎯ The AFI may additionally be used as part of an “item security system” where the AFI value C2 is
HEX
written to tags for items that are on loan to a client. When the books are returned, an in-stock AFI (07 ,
HEX
as defined in ISO/IEC 15961-3) is written to the tag.
RFID tags that comply with ISO 28560 have a mandatory AFI system data element and should only use one
of the two AFI values that are listed above. The AFI together with the primary item identifier and owner
institution (ISIL) guarantee global uniqueness of the item (see Annex B).
The AFI has a feature that enables the application to specify that the AFI is to be locked, or to be left unlocked.
Once locked, the AFI cannot be unlocked. The AFI shall not be locked if it is used as part of an item security
system where two values of the AFI are used, one for on-loan items and one for in-stock items. If other
security mechanisms are used, then the AFI may be locked at the individual library's discretion. Before locking,
libraries should give consideration to the item's use in other libraries through co-operative arrangements or
interlibrary loans (for example, if the recipient library wanted to use the AFI for security while the item was in
its possession even though the donor library did not).
Various approaches may be used for securing library items against unauthorized removal. The choice of an
item security system is outside the scope of ISO 28560 and it is the responsibility of solution providers to
develop particular schemes for libraries to choose. Some options are discussed in Annex E, without any
comment on their particular merits. Combinations of these options may also be provided in particular systems.
5.2.3 Data storage format identifier (DSFID)
The DSFID may be present in certain types of tags as a system data element. If the DSFID is hard coded, in
other words has a specific memory allocation, then the write-DSFID command in the air interface protocol is
usually supported by a lock-DSFID command.
For tags encoded in accordance with ISO 28560-2, the value of DSFID comprises two components:
⎯ the access method defined in ISO 28560 of 00 ;
BINARY
⎯ the data format of 00110 assigned by the Registration Authority for ISO/IEC 15961-2
BINARY
(http://iso15961.nen.nl) explicitly for library use.
When these are combined, they produce a DSFID value of 06 to be used for tags encoded in accordance
HEX
with ISO 28560-2.
The DSFID value 3E is used for tags encoded in accordance with ISO 28560-3.
HEX
Two DSFID values (1E and 5E ) may be used for migration purposes for tags that are not compliant
HEX HEX
with ISO 28560.
Other DSFID values shall not be used until assigned for use in this part of ISO 28560.
5.2.4 Unique tag ID
All compliant ISO/IEC 18000-3 Mode 1 tags have a unique tag ID programmed by the integrated circuit
manufacturer in a non-volatile memory. One of the options for item security uses this system data field.
Further information is given in Annex E.
12 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

5.2.5 Electronic article surveillance (EAS)
Some tags have a system data field that is dedicated to item security, the EAS field. The technologies for
these EAS item security systems are proprietary. The use of EAS is described in Annex E.
6 Tools for data security and integrity
When data elements are not programmed in non-volatile memory or are not locked, they can be modified by
unauthorized persons. This part of ISO 28560 does not specify methods for maintaining the integrity of the
data. However, as described for AFI values in 5.2.2, locking of the data stored in the tag user memory is a
possible method. Some types of tag hardware may provide additional (often proprietary) security tools such as
the following.
⎯ System, or user data fields, or both, can be protected by passwords. Initial writing or modifying the data
requires knowing a password.
⎯ Access to most of the data is blocked when the item is on loan. This is often called the “privacy mode” of
a tag. There is a command to “wake up” the tag.
7 Regional and business profiling
7.1 Elements for profiles
This part of ISO 28560 provides an abstract list of data elements and leaves a degree of freedom to libraries
or to their vendors when implementing an RFID system. A group of libraries may define profiles in which the
degree of freedom becomes more restricted. One or more of the following restrictions can be part of the profile.
⎯ A set of data elements can be made mandatory in a profile. In many cases, this can consist of or include
the owner institution (ISIL) data element because adding the ISIL code is the only method to guarantee
global uniqueness.
⎯ The list of user data elements contains alternatives. A profile may exclude certain (alternative) data
elements and may then mandate the use of a related data element. The exclusion of non-ISIL forms for
the owner institution and for the ILL borrowing institution are examples. Another example is that one of
the three media formats is mandated when information on the media type is stored on the tag.
⎯ A profile may forbid the use of certain data elements, for example the title data element. Or it may forbid
the use of a data element unless special data protection methods have been implemented, like the tag
being blocked for an item on loan.
⎯ A profile may contain rules to guarantee data security. A requirement can be that certain data elements
are locked, or are ready to be locked. This is especially relevant for the data elements that identify the
item uniquely. Password protection of data elements may also be an option, but this is likely a proprietary
feature which is beyond the scope of this part of ISO 28560.
⎯ A profile may contain guidance on privacy. For instance, in certain regions it might be unacceptable to
include the title of an item or its product identifier information beyond the point in the supply chain where
the item is added to the collection.
⎯ A profile may define, for a regional or national jurisdiction, the usage of a local data element.
7.2 Regional profiles
Regional profiling means that the profile is agreed among libraries on a regional basis, where “regional” may
refer to a city, region, nation or (small) language area.
7.3 Business profiles
Groups of libraries may also agree on a profile in order to support certain business models. These libraries are
not necessarily grouped on a regional basis. International ILL schemes of academic libraries are an example.
Regional profiles may also have the character of business profiling when they support certain business
processes, for example automatic processing of acquisition items.
EXAMPLE 1 For interlibrary loans (ILL), in most cases a set is required with:
Primary item identifier
Owner institution (ISIL)
This is required to make the item globally unique and recognisable as not belonging to the library's own collection by the
receiving ILL institution.
EXAMPLE 2 For interlibrary loans, an even larger set can be agreed:
Primary item identifier
Owner institution (ISIL)
ILL borrowing institution (ISIL), for item on loan via ILL
ILL borrowing transaction number, for item on loan via ILL
EXAMPLE 3 When new acquisitions are tagged by the jobber, the set of data elements agreed between jobber and
library may be:
Supplier identifier
Order number
An automatic system in the library will recognise that the item is a new item, for example because the primary identifier
element is stil
...

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Informatika in dokumentacija - RFID v knjižnicah - 1. del: Podatkovni elementi in splošne smernice za izvedboInformation et documentation - RFID dans les bibliothèques - Partie 1: Éléments de données et lignes directrices générales pour la mise en oeuvreInformation and documentation - RFID in librairies - Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation35.240.30Uporabniške rešitve IT v informatiki, dokumentiranju in založništvuIT applications in information, documentation and publishing35.040Nabori znakov in kodiranje informacijCharacter sets and information codingICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ISO 28560-1:2011SIST ISO 28560-1:2011en01-september-2011SIST ISO 28560-1:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
Reference numberISO 28560-1:2011(E)© ISO 2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO28560-1First edition2011-04-01Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation Information et documentation — RFID dans les bibliothèques Partie 1: Éléments de données et lignes directrices générales pour la mise en œuvre
©
ISO 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel.
+ 41 22 749 01 11 Fax
+ 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail
[e-mail] Web
www.iso.org Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
Information about ISO 28560 RFID in libraries.18 Annex B (informative)
Uniqueness of RFID tags.19 Annex C (normative)
Type of usage code values (hexadecimal).20 Annex D (informative)
Country prefixes for supplier identifier.22 Annex E (informative)
Interoperability characteristics of security systems.23 Bibliography.28
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28560-1:2011(E) © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved 1 Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation 1 Scope This part of ISO 28560 specifies a model for the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries, including academic, public, corporate, special and school. This part of ISO 28560 provides the framework to ensure interoperability between libraries that exchange library items with RFID tags, the freedom of the library to acquire or renew equipment or library items from different vendors and interoperability of a single RFID application from the vendor's perspective. This part of ISO 28560 specifies a set of data elements and general guidelines for implementation, to meet the needs for: ⎯ circulation of library items; ⎯ acquisition of library items; ⎯ interlibrary loan processes; ⎯ data requirements of publishers, printers and other suppliers of library items; ⎯ inventory and stock checking of items. This part of ISO 28560 gives guidelines for item security, profiles, privacy, implementation, migration, label design and location of the RFID label. This part of ISO 28560 specifies the data model, system data elements and user data elements to be used in conjunction with ISO 28560-2, ISO 28560-3 and any future parts of ISO 28560. A source of additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 15961-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management: Data protocol — Part 3: RFID data constructs SIST ISO 28560-1:2011

None 2 Content parameter Specifies the structure of the tag data 4.2.2 None May be mandatory as specified in other parts of ISO 28560 None
3 Owner institution (ISIL) The ISIL code for the institution that owns the item 4.2.3 Party identifier; Participant's function Strongly recommended to create interoperability Elements 3 and 23 are mutually exclusive 4 Set information Number of parts in item and ordinal part number 4.2.4 Number of volumes; Component Optional None
5 Type of usage Additional qualifying information about the item 4.2.5 None
Optional
None
6 Shelf location Code for location of the item 4.2.6 Copy shelf locator Optional None 7 ONIX media format ONIX media descriptor 4.2.7 Record content type Optional Data elements 7, 8 and 19 should be consistent 8 MARC media format MARC 21 category of material descriptor4.2.8 Record content type Optional Data elements 7, 8 and 19 should be consistent 9 Supplier identifier Code for identification of supplier of the item 4.2.9 Party identifier; Participant's function Optional None 10 Order number Number meaningful to the library and to the supplier of the item 4.2.10 Request identifier Optional None 11 ILL borrowing institution (ISIL) ISIL code for the institution borrowing the item 4.2.11 Party identifier; Participant's function Optional Data elements 11 and 25 are mutually exclusive 12 ILL borrowing transaction number Number identifying an interlibrary loan transaction 4.2.12 None Optional None 13 GS1 product identifier GTIN-13 code of GS1 4.2.13 Resource identifier code Optional Data elements 13 and 18 should be consistent 14 Alternative unique item identifier Possibly encoding in new tag architectures 4.2.14 None Reserved for future use
15 Local data A Any locally defined purpose 4.2.15 None Optional None 16 Local data B Any locally defined purpose 4.2.16 None Optional None 17 Title The title/titles of the library item 4.2.17 Title Optional None
4.2.27
Reserved for future use
28 Not defined
4.2.28
Reserved for future use
29 Not defined
4.2.29
Reserved for future use
30 Not defined
4.2.30
Reserved for future use
31 Not defined
4.2.31
Reserved for future use
a This column specifies the data element number (N), i.e. the number identifying the data element. b This column specifies the data element name (name of data element), i.e. the name identifying the data element. c This column specifies the data element description, i.e. a brief description about the purpose of the data element. d This column contains a reference to the clause where the data element is described. e This column contains the mapping to the corresponding data elements in ISO 8459. The mapping is for information. f This column classifies the data elements into categories (status). g This column specifies possible relationships to other data elements (relationship).
NOTE 1 The “0” of the first part serves two functions: a) it indicates that not all parts have an RFID tag, and
b) it indicates that this is the first part. EXAMPLE 5 A set having an unknown number of parts or increasing in number of parts over time. Number of this part = 1 (first RFID tag): code = 01 Number of this part = 2 (second RFID tag): code = 02 Number of this part = 3 (third RFID tag): code = 03 Number of this part = 4 (fourth RFID tag): code = 04 NOTE 2 The initial “0” indicates that the number of parts is not fixed. SIST ISO 28560-1:2011

1) EDItEUR is the international group coordinating development of the standards infrastructure for electronic commerce in the book and serials industries. SIST ISO 28560-1:2011

If a supplier code is determined by the purchasing library or its owner body (e.g. university, city, government) there might be structure rules already in place. If not, it is recommended to define a unique list on a national level. Annex D indicates a method using a country prefix. 4.2.10 Order number The order number data element is used for an order number meaningful to the library and to the supplier of the item. 4.2.11 ILL borrowing institution (ISIL) The ILL borrowing institution (ISIL) data element is used for identification of an institution borrowing the item. When using this data element, the borrowing institution shall be represented by the ISIL code according to ISO 15511. The data element is formatted according to similar rules as defined for the owner institution (ISIL) data element (4.2.3). The ILL borrowing institution (ISIL) data element and the alternative ILL borrowing institution data element (4.2.25) are mutually exclusive. 4.2.12 ILL borrowing transaction number The ILL borrowing transaction number data element is used to identify an ILL transaction. The ILL borrowing transaction number is assigned by the ILL transaction processing system and encoded by the lending institution to identify an interlibrary loan transaction. The structure of the number is locally defined. 4.2.13 GS1 product identifier The GS1 product identifier data element shall, if encoded, be used to store the GTIN-13 code of GS12). The Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) is a code that identifies the product and not the individual item. The GTIN-13 has 13 digits and is commonly seen on retail products in a bar code format and is (without the check digit) also an element of tags used in retail that follow the electronic product code scheme of GS1/EPC Global. The GTIN-13 code is commonly called the UPC code3) in the United States, and in other parts of the world it is known as the EAN-13 code4). The GTIN-13 code includes the encoding of: ⎯ the ISBN, with the prefixes “978” and “979”;
2) GS1 is a global organization for standards and solutions to supply and demand chains globally and across sectors. 3) The Universal Product Code (UPC) is a specific type of bar code used for tracking trade items. 4) European Article Number (EAN) 13 digit code. SIST ISO 28560-1:2011

Other values for supply chain stage are reserved for future use and may only be encoded once they have been defined in future editions of this part of ISO 28560. For this specific data element, the value “0” indicates “undefined”. 4.2.21 Supplier invoice number The supplier invoice number data element is used for a locally designated invoice number meaningful to the library and to the supplier of the library material. This data element may be left permanently written to the tag or it may be used only temporarily during an acquisitions process. 4.2.22 Alternative item identifier The alternative item identifier data element is used for a locally designated optional identifier. This data element may be temporary and have only local meaning as during an acquisitions process or it may contain other identifiers as deemed necessary. 4.2.23 Alternative owner institution The alternative owner institution data element is used for an alternative identification of the library institution (i.e. not ISIL). The data element may be used, for example, where a library identifier scheme pre-dates the ISIL and cannot easily be converted into an ISIL-compliant scheme. This data element may be used in exceptional cases for the ISIL code, or parts of the ISIL code (see 4.2.3). 4.2.24 Subsidiary of an owner institution The subsidiary of an owner institution data element is used to refine the identity to a level lower than the ISIL, e.g. a branch or collection. As such it is an internal code defined within a library institution. 4.2.25 Alternative ILL borrowing institution The alternative ILL borrowing institution data element is used for an alternative code for the ILL borrowing institution (i.e. not ISIL). This data element and the ILL borrowing institution (ISIL) data element (4.2.11) are mutually exclusive and only one of them shall be encoded on the tag. 4.2.26 Local data C The local data C data element is used for any locally defined purpose. The structure and formatting is locally defined. SIST ISO 28560-1:2011

The DSFID may be present in certain types of tags as a system data element. If the DSFID is hard coded, in other words has a specific memory allocation, then the write-DSFID command in the air interface protocol is usually supported by a lock-DSFID command. For tags encoded in accordance with ISO 28560-2, the value of DSFID comprises two components: ⎯ the access method defined in ISO 28560 of 00BINARY; ⎯ the data format of 00110BINARY assigned by the Registration Authority for ISO/IEC 15961-2 (http://iso15961.nen.nl) explicitly for library use. When these are combined, they produce a DSFID value of 06HEX to be used for tags encoded in accordance with ISO 28560-2. The DSFID value 3EHEX is used for tags encoded in accordance with ISO 28560-3. Two DSFID values (1EHEX and 5EHEX) may be used for migration purposes for tags that are not compliant with ISO 28560. Other DSFID values shall not be used until assigned for use in this part of ISO 28560. 5.2.4 Unique tag ID All compliant ISO/IEC 18000-3 Mode 1 tags have a unique tag ID programmed by the integrated circuit manufacturer in a non-volatile memory. One of the options for item security uses this system data field. Further information is given in Annex E. SIST ISO 28560-1:2011

When data elements are not programmed in non-volatile memory or are not locked, they can be modified by unauthorized persons. This part of ISO 28560 does not specify methods for maintaining the integrity of the data. However, as described for AFI values in 5.2.2, locking of the data stored in the tag user memory is a possible method. Some types of tag hardware may provide additional (often proprietary) security tools such as the following. ⎯ System, or user data fields, or both, can be protected by passwords. Initial writing or modifying the data requires knowing a password. ⎯ Access to most of the data is blocked when the item is on loan. This is often called the “privacy mode” of a tag. There is a command to “wake up” the tag. 7 Regional and business profiling 7.1 Elements for profiles This part of ISO 28560 provides an abstract list of data elements and leaves a degree of freedom to libraries or to their vendors when implementing an RFID system. A group of libraries may define profiles in which the degree of freedom becomes more restricted. One or more of the following restrictions can be part of the profile. ⎯ A set of data elements can be made mandatory in a profile. In many cases, this can consist of or include the owner institution (ISIL) data element because adding the ISIL code is the only method to guarantee global uniqueness.
⎯ The list of user data elements contains alternatives. A profile may exclude certain (alternative) data elements and may then mandate the use of a related data element. The exclusion of non-ISIL forms for the owner institution and for the ILL borrowing institution are examples. Another example is that one of the three media formats is mandated when information on the media type is stored on the tag. ⎯ A profile may forbid the use of certain data elements, for example the title data element. Or it may forbid the use of a data element unless special data protection methods have been implemented, like the tag being blocked for an item on loan. ⎯ A profile may contain rules to guarantee data security. A requirement can be that certain data elements are locked, or are ready to be locked. This is especially relevant for the data elements that identify the item uniquely. Password protection of data elements may also be an option, but this is likely a proprietary feature which is beyond the scope of this part of ISO 28560. ⎯ A profile may contain guidance on privacy. For instance, in certain regions it might be unacceptable to include the title of an item or its product identifier information beyond the point in the supply chain where the item is added to the collection. ⎯ A profile may define, for a regional or national jurisdiction, the usage of a local data element. 7.2 Regional profiles Regional profiling means that the profile is agreed among libraries on a regional basis, where “regional” may refer to a city, region, nation or (small) language area. SIST ISO 28560-1:2011

Supply chain stage The website given in Annex A can provide more detailed examples of profiles that have been implemented, including some profiles in systems not conforming to ISO 28560. 8 Privacy issues Because ISO 28560 is likely to be implemented in different legal domains,
...