ISO 8454:2024

Cigarettes - Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke - NDIR method

This document specifies a method for the determination of carbon monoxide (CO) in the vapour phase of mainstream cigarette smoke collected with the smoking regime specified in ISO 4387.

Cigarettes — Dosage du monoxyde de carbone dans la phase gazeuse de la fumée de cigarette — Méthode IRND

Le présent document spécifie une méthode de dosage du monoxyde de carbone (CO) dans la phase gazeuse du courant principal de la fumée de cigarette collectée avec le régime de fumage spécifié dans l’ISO 4387.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 18-Apr-2024
• ICS: 65.160 - Tobacco, tobacco products and related equipment
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 126 - Tobacco and tobacco products
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 126 - Tobacco and tobacco products
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 19-Apr-2024
• Due Date: 07-Jul-2025
• Completion Date: 19-Apr-2024

Relations

• Revises: ISO 8454:2007/Amd 1:2009 - Cigarettes - Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke - NDIR method - Amendment 1
• Effective Date: 09-Jul-2022
• Revises: ISO 8454:2007/Amd 2:2019 - Cigarettes - Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke - NDIR method - Amendment 2
• Effective Date: 09-Jul-2022
• Revises: ISO 8454:2007 - Cigarettes - Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke - NDIR method
• Effective Date: 09-Jul-2022

Overview

ISO 8454:2024 specifies a standardized laboratory method for measuring carbon monoxide (CO) in the vapour phase of mainstream cigarette smoke using a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analyser. The method applies to vapour-phase samples collected under the machine-smoking regime defined in ISO 4387. It covers apparatus, calibration, sampling, measurement, calculation of CO per cigarette and reporting requirements.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and principle: Measurement of CO in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke collected from routine analytical smoking machines (ISO 3308) and conditioned per ISO 3402.
• Apparatus:
  • Conditioning enclosure (ISO 3402) and routine analytical smoking machine (ISO 3308).
  • Vapour-phase collection container (gas bag) - impermeability check with 4–6% CO standard; CO concentration must not change by more than 0.2% (volume fraction) over ≥2 h. Typical volumes: ~3 L for 5 cigarettes, ~10 L for 20 cigarettes.
  • NDIR analyser calibrated for CO with preferred working range 0–10% CO, sampling rate 0.5–5 L/min. Performance targets: precision 1% FS, linearity 1% FS, repeatability 0.2% FS. Cross-sensitivity limits: response to 10% CO2 or 2% water vapour shall not exceed 0.05% as CO.
• Standard gas mixtures and calibration:
  • Use nitrogen as make-up gas; high-purity gases with low CO2 content.
  • Calibrate with a high-range standard (e.g., ~5% CO in N2) and verify linearity with at least two lower concentrations (typical: ~1%, ~3%, ~5% CO). Allowed reading ranges: for 5.0% certified gas → 4.8–5.2% observed; for 1.0% → 0.8–1.2% observed.
  • Recalibration at least weekly; pre-measure check with high-range gas and full recalibration if deviation > 0.2% (vol.).
• Procedure: Conditioning, NDIR warm-up and zeroing, vapour-phase collection during ISO 4387 smoking, and measurement under consistent temperature/pressure.
• Results and reporting: Calculation of average CO volume and mass per cigarette, with repeatability and reproducibility values updated and test-reporting harmonized with ISO 10315.
• Operational notes: Flameless ignition recommended - lighting technique can significantly influence CO yield.

Applications and users

ISO 8454:2024 is used for:

• Regulatory testing of cigarette emissions.
• Product development and quality control in tobacco manufacturing.
• Analytical laboratories and contract testing facilities performing standardized smoke constituent analysis.
• Research and toxicology studies needing reproducible CO emission data.

Note: Machine-measured emissions are useful for product characterization and regulatory comparison but are not direct measures of human exposure or individual risk.

Related standards

• ISO 4387 - collection of total particulate matter (smoking regime)
• ISO 3308 - routine analytical cigarette-smoking machine
• ISO 3402 - atmosphere for conditioning and testing
• ISO 10315 - harmonized test-reporting requirements
• ISO/TR 19478 - referenced for repeatability/reproducibility data

Keywords: ISO 8454:2024, carbon monoxide, NDIR, cigarette smoke, vapour phase, ISO 4387, calibration, vapour-phase collection container, standard gas mixtures.

Standards Content (Sample)

International
Standard
ISO 8454
Fourth edition
Cigarettes — Determination of
2024-04
carbon monoxide in the vapour phase
of cigarette smoke — NDIR method
Cigarettes — Dosage du monoxyde de carbone dans la phase
gazeuse de la fumée de cigarette — Méthode IRND
Reference number
© ISO 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus . 2
6 Standard gas mixtures . 2
7 Procedure . 3
7.1 Conditioning.3
7.2 Calibration of the NDIR analyser .3
7.3 Smoking and collection of vapour phase .4
7.3.1 Preparation of vapour-phase collection system .4
7.3.2 Smoking procedure .4
7.4 Measurement of carbon monoxide volume concentration .4
8 Expression of results . 4
8.1 Calculation of the average volume of carbon monoxide per cigarette .4
8.2 Calculation of the average mass of carbon monoxide per cigarette .5
9 Repeatability and reproducibility . 5
10 Test report . 6
Bibliography . 7

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 126, Tobacco and tobacco products.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 8454:2007), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Amendment(s) ISO 8454:2007/Amd. 1:2019 and ISO 8454:2007/Amd. 2:2019.
The main changes are as follows:
— the scope was edited to improve clarity;
— the repeatability and reproducibility values in Table 1 were updated to include those from ISO/TR 19478
and the total particulate matter values were included;
— Clause 10, Test Report, was harmonized with ISO 10315;
— subclauses 7.2.2 and 7.2.3 were edited to better describe the calibration and verification processes.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
No machine smoking regime can represent all human smoking behaviour:
— it is recommended that cigarettes also be tested under conditions of a different intensity of machine
smoking than those specified in this document;
— machine smoking testing is useful to characterize cigarette emissions for design and regulatory
purposes, but communication of machine measurements to smokers can result in misunderstandings
about differences in exposure and risk across brands;
— smoke emission data from machine measurements may be used as inputs for product hazard assessment,
but they are not intended to be nor are they valid as measures of human exposure or risks. Communicating
differences between products in machine measurements as differences in exposure or risk is a misuse of
testing using ISO standards.
v
International Standard ISO 8454:2024(en)
Cigarettes — Determination of carbon monoxide in the
vapour phase of cigarette smoke — NDIR method
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment.
This document does not purport to address all the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
determine the applicability of any other restrictions prior to use.
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of carbon monoxide (CO) in the vapour phase of
mainstream cigarette smoke collected with the smoking regime specified in ISO 4387.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3308, Routine analytical cigarette-smoking machine — Definitions and standard conditions
ISO 3402, Tobacco and tobacco products — Atmosphere for conditioning and testing
ISO 4387, Cigarettes — Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine
analytical smoking machine
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
vapour phase
portion of smoke, which passes the particulate phase trap during smoking in accordance with ISO 4387
using a machine conforming to ISO 3308
3.2
clearing puff
any puff taken after a cigarette has been extinguished or removed from the cigarette holder
4 Principle
Smoking of cigarettes in accordance with the procedures given in ISO 4387. Collection of the vapour phase
of the cigarette smoke and measurement of the carbon monoxide using a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR)
analyser calibrated for carbon monoxide. Calculation of the amount of carbon monoxide per cigarette.

5 Apparatus
Usual laboratory apparatus and, in particular the following items.
5.1 Conditioning enclosure, maintained accurately in accordance with the conditions specified in
ISO 3402, for conditioning the cigarette sample prior to smoking (see also 7.1).
5.2 Routine analytical cigarette-smoking machine and accessories, conforming with the requirements
of ISO 3308.
5.3 Vapour-phase collection container, (i.e. gas collection bag) which is used for collection of the vapour
phase. The impermeability of the vapour-phase coll
...