ISO 19408
(Main)Footwear — Sizing — Vocabulary
Footwear — Sizing — Vocabulary
ISO/TS 19408:2015 defines terms commonly used for measuring feet and lasts and for determining the size of footwear. This vocabulary complements ISO 19952, Footwear ? Vocabulary. The term "shoe" means all types of footwear.
Chaussures — Pointures — Vocabulaire
ISO/TS 19408:2015 définit les termes couramment utilisés pour mesurer les pieds et les formes et pour déterminer la pointure des chaussures. Ce vocabulaire est un complément à l'ISO 19952. Le terme "chaussure" désigne tous les types d'articles chaussants.
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ISO 19408:20222023(E)
© ISO 20222023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of
this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written
permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the
country of the requester.ISO Copyright Office
CP 401 • CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.orgcopyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
© ISO 20222023 – All rights reserved
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ISO 19408:20222023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1 Scope ............................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2 Terms and definitions ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1 Foot dimensions and shoe sizing ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2 Last dimensions .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Annex A (informative) Figures ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 4
1 Scope ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ....................................................................................................................... 1
3.1 Foot dimensions and shoe sizing ................................................................................................... 1
3.2 Last dimensions .................................................................................................................................. 4
Annex A (informative) Figures ................................................................................................................. 8
© ISO 20222023 – All rights reservediii
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ISO 19408:20222023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbersbodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
WTOWorld Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the
following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for thisThis document iswas prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 137,
Footwear sizing designations and marking systems.Users are encouraged to share their views on ISO/TS 19408:2015 and their priorities for changes to
future editions. Click on the link below to take part in the online survey: ISO/TS 19408 online survey
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.© ISO 20222023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19408:20222023(E)
Footwear — Sizing — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terms commonly used for measuring feet and lasts and for determining the size
of footwear.This document complements ISO 19952.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 Foot dimensions and shoe sizing3.1.1
central line of foot
line that connects the centre of the back of the heel (maximum point of the heel curve) and a point in the
forefoot areaNote 1 to entry: See Figure A.1 c) and d), and Figure A.5 b).
Note 2 to entry: There are two methods to define the point in the forefoot:
— Method 1: at the end of the second toe;
— Method 2: in the middle of the tread width of the foot (3.1.15).
3.1.2
design allowance
additional allowance to the effective shoe length (3.1.3) added to the forefoot area of the last
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.2.3.1.3
effective shoe length
distance of the foot length (3.1.4) including a toe allowance (3.2.16)
Note 1 to entry: See Figures A.2 and A.3.
3.1.4
foot length
© ISO 20222023 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO 19408:20222023(E)
maximum horizontal distance from the centre of the back of the heel (maximum point of heel curve) to
the end of the most prominent toe, with the subject standing with the weight of the body equally
distributed on both feet, barefoot or wearing thin hose that does not significantly affect the dimensions
of the footNote 1 to entry: There are different methods to measure the foot length:
— Method 1: it is measured along the inside tangent (3.1.6) (see Figure A.1 a) and b);
— Method 2: it is measured parallel to the central line of foot (3.1.1). There are two methods of measuring the
central line (method 2a2 a and 2b2 b). See Figure A.1a1 a), c) and d).3.1.5
heel height of shoe
vertical height of the extreme rear end of the heel of the shoe down to the ground plane
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.3.3.1.6
inside tangent
vertical plane tangential to the point of maximum inside heel swell and the point of maximum swell at
the first metatarsal headNote 1 to entry: See Figure A.1 b) and Figure A.5a).
3.1.7
instep point of foot
intersection of the vertical (normal) plane at a given percentage of foot length with the highest point on
the upper (dorsal) surface of the footNote 1 to entry: See Figure A.16.
Note 2 to entry: There are different percentages used to mark the instep point:
— Method 1: 50 % of foot length;
— Method 2: 55 % of foot length.
3.1.8
joint girth of the foot
anatomic ball girth of the foot
circumference of the foot in a vertical plane around the heads of the first and fifth metatarsal bones
Note 1 to entry: Measurement is made under the same conditions as foot length (3.1.4).
Note 2 to entry: See Figure A.4.3.1.9
length grading interval
difference between adjacent whole shoe sizes
3.1.10
linear width
maximum horizontal distance, o, between the outside swell of the head of the first metatarsal and outside
swell of the head of the fifth metatarsal of the foot (see Figure A.12) or the corresponding points at the
last2 © ISO 20222023 – All rights reserved
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ISO 19408:20222023(E)
Note 1 to entry: Measurement of the foot is made under the same conditions as foot length (3.1.4). There are two
methods to obtain the first and fifth metatarsal head points:— Method 1: the inside tangent (3.1.6) and the parallel line touching the fifth metatarsal [see Figure A.5 a)];
— Method 2: the inside and outside tangent lines which are parallel with the central line of foot (3.1.1) touching
the two points [see Figure A.5 b)].3.1.11
shoe size
designated size marking of a shoe or last made for a given foot length (3.1.4) in any given shoe sizing
system3.1.12
shoe width
designated marking indicating the joint/ball girth or width fitting of the footwear or last, usually based
on the joint girth or width measurement of the lastNote 1 to entry: Designation can be by letters, e.g. A, B, C, or numbers, e.g.1, 2, 3.
3.1.13stick width of the foot
linear width
perpendicular distance between the first metatarsal head and the fifth metatarsal head
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.12.Note 2 to entry: Measurement is made under the same conditions as foot length (3.1.4). There are two methods to
obtain the first and fifth metatarsal head points:— Method 1: the inside tangent (3.1.6) and the parallel line touching the fifth metatarsal [see Figure A.5 a)];
— Method 2: the inside and outside tangent lines which are parallel with the central line of foot (3.1.1) touching
the two points. There are two methods of central line (method 2a2 a and 2b2 b) [see Figure A.5 b)].
3.1.14width grading interval
difference between adjacent girth or width fittings within the same shoe size or from shoe size to shoe
size3.1.15
tread width of ball area of foot
distance b between the maximum swell of the first metatarsal as a point of the foot line touching the
ground and the maximum swell of the fifth metatarsal as a point of the foot line touching the ground
Note 1 to entry: See Figures A.5 and A.12.3.1.16
long heel girth of foot
circumference around the foot passing through the point at the back of the heel where the foot just
touches the ground on which the foot stands and the instep point of foot (3.1.7)Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.16.
3.1.17
ankle girth
© ISO 20222023 – All rights reserved
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ISO 19408:20222023(E)
smallest horizontal girth, i, at the lower leg over the malleolus
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.16.
3.1.18
calf girth
maximum horizontal girth, u, in the calf area of lower leg
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.16.
3.1.19
under knee girth
smallest horizontal girth, w, below the knee and above calf
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.16.
3.1.20
short heel girth of foot
shortest circumference, t1, around the foot passing through the point at the back of the heel where the
foot just touches surface on which the foot standsNote 1 to entry: See Figure A.16.
3.1.21
shoe
pair of coverings for the feet usually made of a strong material.
3.2 Last dimensions
3.2.1
bottom pattern lengt
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19408
First edition
Footwear — Sizing — Vocabulary
Chaussures — Pointures — Vocabulaire
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 19408:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 19408:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 19408:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3.1 Foot dimensions and shoe sizing ............................................................................................................................................ 1
3.2 Last dimensions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Annex A (informative) Figures ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................18
Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19
iii© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE
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ISO 19408:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 137, Footwear sizing designations and
marking systems.Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19408:2023(E)
Footwear — Sizing — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terms commonly used for measuring feet and lasts and for determining the size
of footwear.This document complements ISO 19952.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Foot dimensions and shoe sizing
3.1.1
central line of foot
line that connects the centre of the back of the heel (maximum point of the heel curve) and a point in the
forefoot areaNote 1 to entry: See Figure A.1 c) and d), and Figure A.5 b).
Note 2 to entry: There are two methods to define the point in the forefoot:
— Method 1: at the end of the second toe;
— Method 2: in the middle of the tread width of the foot (3.1.15).
3.1.2
design allowance
additional allowance to the effective shoe length (3.1.3) added to the forefoot area of the last
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.2.3.1.3
effective shoe length
distance of the foot length (3.1.4) including a toe allowance (3.2.16)
Note 1 to entry: See Figures A.2 and A.3.
3.1.4
foot length
maximum horizontal distance from the centre of the back of the heel (maximum point of heel curve)
to the end of the most prominent toe, with the subject standing with the weight of the body equally
distributed on both feet, barefoot or wearing thin hose that does not significantly affect the dimensions
of the footNote 1 to entry: There are different methods to measure the foot length:
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 19408:2023(E)
— Method 1: it is measured along the inside tangent (3.1.6) (see Figure A.1 a) and b);
— Method 2: it is measured parallel to the central line of foot (3.1.1). There are two methods of measuring the
central line (method 2 a and 2 b). See Figure A.1 a), c) and d).3.1.5
heel height of shoe
vertical height of the extreme rear end of the heel of the shoe down to the ground plane
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.3.3.1.6
inside tangent
vertical plane tangential to the point of maximum inside heel swell and the point of maximum swell at
the first metatarsal headNote 1 to entry: See Figure A.1 b) and Figure A.5a).
3.1.7
instep point of foot
intersection of the vertical (normal) plane at a given percentage of foot length with the highest point on
the upper (dorsal) surface of the footNote 1 to entry: See Figure A.16.
Note 2 to entry: There are different percentages used to mark the instep point:
— Method 1: 50 % of foot length;
— Method 2: 55 % of foot length.
3.1.8
joint girth of the foot
anatomic ball girth of the foot
circumference of the foot in a vertical plane around the heads of the first and fifth metatarsal bones
Note 1 to entry: Measurement is made under the same conditions as foot length (3.1.4).
Note 2 to entry: See Figure A.4.3.1.9
length grading interval
difference between adjacent whole shoe sizes
3.1.10
linear width
maximum horizontal distance, o, between the outside swell of the head of the first metatarsal and
outside swell of the head of the fifth metatarsal of the foot (see Figure A.12) or the corresponding points
at the lastNote 1 to entry: Measurement of the foot is made under the same conditions as foot length (3.1.4). There are two
methods to obtain the first and fifth metatarsal head points:— Method 1: the inside tangent (3.1.6) and the parallel line touching the fifth metatarsal [see Figure A.5 a)];
— Method 2: the inside and outside tangent lines which are parallel with the central line of foot (3.1.1) touching
the two points [see Figure A.5 b)].3.1.11
shoe size
designated size marking of a shoe or last made for a given foot length (3.1.4) in any given shoe sizing
systemPROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO 19408:2023(E)
3.1.12
shoe width
designated marking indicating the joint/ball girth or width fitting of the footwear or last, usually based
on the joint girth or width measurement of the lastNote 1 to entry: Designation can be by letters, e.g. A, B, C, or numbers, e.g.1, 2, 3.
3.1.13stick width of the foot
linear width
perpendicular distance between the first metatarsal head and the fifth metatarsal head
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.12.Note 2 to entry: Measurement is made under the same conditions as foot length (3.1.4). There are two methods to
obtain the first and fifth metatarsal head points:— Method 1: the inside tangent (3.1.6) and the parallel line touching the fifth metatarsal [see Figure A.5 a)];
— Method 2: the inside and outside tangent lines which are parallel with the central line of foot (3.1.1) touching
the two points. There are two methods of central line (method 2 a and 2 b) [see Figure A.5 b)].
3.1.14width grading interval
difference between adjacent girth or width fittings within the same shoe size or from shoe size to shoe
size3.1.15
tread width of ball area of foot
distance b between the maximum swell of the first metatarsal as a point of the foot line touching the
ground and the maximum swell of the fifth metatarsal as a point of the foot line touching the ground
Note 1 to entry: See Figures A.5 and A.12.3.1.16
long heel girth of foot
circumference around the foot passing through the point at the back of the heel where the foot just
touches the ground on which the foot stands and the instep point of foot (3.1.7)Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.16.
3.1.17
ankle girth
smallest horizontal girth, i, at the lower leg over the malleolus
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.16.
3.1.18
calf girth
maximum horizontal girth, u, in the calf area of lower leg
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.16.
3.1.19
under knee girth
smallest horizontal girth, w, below the knee and above calf
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.16.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE
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ISO 19408:2
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