ISO/TR 16764:2003

Lifts, escalators and passenger conveyors - Comparison of worldwide standards on electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility

ISO/TR 16764:2003 consists of a comparison of electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility (EMI/EMC) worldwide standards of interest to the lift industry.

Ascenseurs, escaliers mécaniques et trottoirs roulants — Comparaison des normes mondiales relatives à l'interférence électromagnétique/la compatibilité électromagnétique

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Sep-2003
• ICS: 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general
• ICS: 91.140.90 - Lifts. Escalators
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 178 - Lifts, escalators and moving walks
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 178/WG 8 - Electrical requirements
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 21-May-2013
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO 21627-2:2009 - Plastics - Epoxy resins - Determination of chlorine content - Part 2: Easily saponifiable chlorine
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Overview

ISO/TR 16764:2003 is an informative Technical Report that compares worldwide electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements of interest to the lift (elevator), escalator and passenger conveyor industry. Published by ISO/TC 178 in 2003, the report consolidates national and international standards, explains EMI/EMC concepts and coupling mechanisms, and summarizes emissions and immunity testing approaches relevant to vertical-transportation equipment.

Key Topics

• Scope and intent: Comparative review of EMI/EMC standards affecting lift systems rather than a new prescriptive standard.
• Standards landscape: Coverage of international and regional documents and bodies including CISPR, IEC (including IEC/TC 77), CENELEC, national committees (e.g., FCC/ANSI in the USA, VCCI in Japan, CTCSRI/GB standards in China) and military standards.
• Sources and classification of disturbances: Identification of typical EMI sources in lift systems, classification of interference types and four coupling mechanisms (conducted, inductive, capacitive, radiated).
• Emissions vs. immunity: Comparative tables and normative annexes summarize conducted and radiated emission limits and susceptibility/immunity test requirements used worldwide.
• Test & measurement: Discussion of measurement procedures, site requirements and instrumentation referenced by different standards (annexes provide detailed comparisons).
• Future developments & recommendations: Observations on regional trends (Europe, China, United States) and practical recommendations for industry stakeholders.
• Annexes: Normative annexes for limits and tests, informative annexes on units and frequency spectrum, and bibliography for further reference.

Applications

• Use ISO/TR 16764:2003 to:
  • Map regulatory and voluntary EMC requirements for lifts and escalators in different markets.
  • Guide EMC compliance planning during design, procurement and international market entry.
  • Prepare test plans for conducted and radiated emissions and immunity/susceptibility testing.
  • Inform risk assessments, retrofits and maintenance where electromagnetic disturbances may affect safety-critical control systems.

Who should use it

• Lift and escalator manufacturers
• Controls and drive-system designers
• EMC engineers and test laboratories
• Standards committees and regulatory bodies
• Consultants, installers and facility managers involved in safety and compliance

Related standards

• CISPR and IEC EMC series (including IEC/TC 77)
• CENELEC harmonized EMC standards
• FCC Part 15 / ANSI C63.x (USA)
• National EMC standards such as GB/CTCSRI documents (China)

ISO/TR 16764:2003 is a practical reference for professionals needing a consolidated comparison of EMI/EMC requirements specific to vertical-transportation equipment and international compliance strategies.

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 16764
First edition
2003-09-15
Lifts, escalators and passenger
conveyors — Comparison of worldwide
standards on electromagnetic
interference/electromagnetic
compatibility
Ascenseurs, escaliers mécaniques et trottoirs roulants — Comparaison
des normes mondiales relatives à l'interférence électromagnétique/la
compatibilité électromagnétique

Reference number
©
ISO 2003
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©  ISO 2003
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ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
0 Introduction . v
0.1 Background . v
0.2 Understanding electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility (EMI/EMC) . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility standards . 1
2.1 Background . 1
2.2 CISPR/IEC . 1
2.3 National committees/standards. 3
2.4 CENELEC . 5
2.5 Military. 5
3 Sources of electromagnetic disturbances .5
3.1 General. 5
3.2 Classification of electromagnetic interference (EMI) . 6
3.3 Typical EMC phenomena. 7
4 EMI/EMC comparison . 11
4.1 Emissions standards comparison . 11
4.2 Susceptibility/immunity standards comparison. 11
5 Test and measurement requirements .11
6 Future development. 12
6.1 Europe. 12
6.2 China . 13
6.3 United States . 13
7 Observations and recommendations.13
7.1 General. 13
7.2 Emission . 14
7.3 Immunity . 14
Annex A (normative) Conducted and radiated emission limits. 15
Annex B (normative) Susceptibility/Immunity. 26
Annex C (normative) Emissions/Immunity . 30
Annex D (informative) EMI/EMC units . 34
Annex E (informative) Frequency spectrum . 35
Bibliography . 36

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 16764 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 178, Lifts, escalators, passenger conveyors.
iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

0 Introduction
0.1 Background
International standardizing bodies such as IEC, ISO, CISPR, CENELEC, have been involved in drawing up
common normative and technical documents to bring international markets closer together.
At the 1996 plenary meeting of ISO/TC 178, it was decided to carry out a comparison between various
national and international electrical requirements applicable to lifts (elevators) and escalators. The first
objective was to identify and compare the major EMC requirements applicable in the countries of the Working
Group members (Resolution 1996/134).
The content of this Technical Report is based on the information provided by ISO/TC 178/WG 8 members.
0.2 Understanding electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility (EMI/EMC)
An electromagnetic disturbance (noise that is not sinusoidal or unwanted signal) is any electromagnetic
phenomenon which may degrade the performance of a device, equipment or system. Electromagnetic
interference (EMI) is the degradation in the performance of a device, equipment or system caused by an
electromagnetic disturbance. The cause of EMI is unplanned coupling between a source and a receptor by
means of a transmission path. Transmission paths may be conducted or radiated. See, for example, Figure 1.
The ability of the device, equipment or system to function satisfactorily in an electromagnetic environment,
without introducing intolerable disturbances to that environment is called electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
EMC has three elements:
a) a source of energy
b) a receptor that is disrupted by this energy
c) a coupling path between the source of energy and receptor.
Methods of coupling electromagnetic energy from a source to a receptor fall into one of four categories:
a) conducted (electric current)
b) inductively coupled (magnetic field)
c) capacitively coupled (electric field)
d) radiated (electromagnetic field).
Key
1 source
2 receptor
3 cable
4 power line
a
Path 1: direct radiation from source to receptor.
b
Path 2: direct radiation from source, picked up by cables (power, signal and control) connected to the receptor, which
reaches the receptor via conduction path.
c
Path 3: EMI radiated by cables (power, signal or control) of the source.
d
Path 4: EMI conducted from source to receptor via cables (common power supply, signal/control).
NOTE 1 Source: Engineering EMC-IEEE Press.
NOTE 2 EMI carried by power/signal/control cables that are connected to the source can be coupled to the
power/signal/control cables of the receptor, especially when cable harnesses are bundled, even when common
power/signal/control cables do not exist.
Figure 1 — Mechanisms of electromagnetic interference

vi © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16764:2003(E)

Lifts, escalators and passenger conveyors —
Comparison of worldwide standards on electromagnetic
interference/electromagnetic compatibility
1 Scope
This Technical Report consists of a comparison of electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility
(EMI/EMC) worldwide standards of interest to the lift industry.
2 Electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility standards
2.1 Background
With the advent of radio broadcast transmission in the 1920s, the interference from radio noise (i.e.
electromagnetic noise) became a concern of engineers in Europe and North America and many technical
papers were beginning to be published dealing with electromagnetic interference (EMI). Early studies showed
that motor driven appliances, switches, automobile ignitions, electric traction and electrical power lines, among
other sources, caused radio interference.
2.2 CISPR/IEC
In 1933 the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR, Comité International Spécial de
Perturbations Radioélectriques) was formed as a result of a joint effort of the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) and the International Union of Broadcasting. The first meeting of CISPR was held in 1934
to address limits of EMI and methods of measurement. Following World War II, the United States, Canada
and Australia started to participate in CISPR. Subsequently countries from Asia and other parts of the world
also started participating in CISPR. The emphasis initially was on getting agreement on measurement
procedures and instrumentation for the protection of radio services with particular emphasis on radio
broadcasting. The subject of acceptable performance limits was left to a later date. IEC/TC 65 was formed in
the early 1960s and was also concerned with EMC requirements. In 1974, the IEC established a new
technical committee (IEC/TC 77) to cover EMC subjects not generally dealt with by the CISPR, in particular,
immunity characteristics of all kinds of equipment and emission phenomena below 9 kHz, the lower end of the
radio frequency spectrum. The organization of these committees in the IEC is shown in Figure 2. In formal
structure, the CISPR is a separate organization from the IEC. However it should be noted that the plenary is
constituted of representation from various international organizations, as well as by the National Committees
of the IEC. In the IEC council, only the National Committees are represented. Also, the publications of the
CISPR are issued by the IEC, and the operational procedures are identical in most respects.
Figure 2 — Organization of CISPR and IEC technical committees responsible for EMI/EMC standards
2 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

2.3 National committees/standards
2.3.1 When the CISPR was organized, national regulatory agencies such as the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) in the US, the British Standards Institution (BSI) in the UK, Fernmelde Technisches
Zentralamt (FTZ) in Germany, Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) in Japan and similar
institutions in other countries also started promulgating interference control limits applicable in their respective
countries.
2.3.2 The China Technical Committee of Standardization of Radio Interference (CTCSRI) was established
in 1981 under the leadership of the China State Bureau of Technical and Quality Supervision. One of its tasks
is to study the IEC/CISPR EMC/EMI standards and develop China’s own EMC/EMI standards. There are eight
subcommittees from A to G and S which concern respectively test instrument, ISM equipment, mobile, radio
receiver, household appliances and electric tools, office equipment, and radio and non-radio systems. In 1993,
GB/T13926 was published which is equivalent to IEC 60801. Currently, there are more than forty EMC/EMI
standards published covering limits, test methods and related aspects such as site requirements and personal
hazards. There is a concerted effort in China to move towards those of the IEC/CISPR.
2.3.3 In the United States commercial EMC standards activities are coordinated through the efforts of ANSI
Accredited Standards Committee C63 for which the Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers (IEEE) is the
secretariat. Several societies of the IEEE and trade organizations such as EIA, NEMA, SAE and others as
well as Accredited Standards Committee C63 have developed standards pertaining to EMC. Except for cases
in which commercial standards are referenced in federal (legal) documents, for example C63.4 is called out in
FCC requirements, the use of these standards is wholly voluntary in the US. See Figure 3. While there is a
concerted effort to move the C63 documents towards those of the IEC/CISPR differences between the
IEC/CISPR and the US National standards persist.
Emission requirements in the United States are specified by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC).
The FCC administers civilian use of the frequency spectrum in the USA. Title 47 of the Code of Federal
Regulations covers telecommunication and controls the intentional and incidental use of the frequency
spectrum. The parts relevant to EMC are contained in Chapter 1: Part 15 — Radio Frequency Devices and
Part 18 — Industrial, Scientific and Medical Equipment. FCC Part 15 has extended the measurement range
for digital devices or computers up to 5 GHz.
The FCC has participated in the development of CISPR 22, and its requirements are similar to but not
identical to those of CISPR 22. The FCC has adopted ANSI C63.4 measurement procedures for testing digital
devices and computers. There are two classifications of digital devices:
 Class A: for the use in a commercial, industrial or business environment;
 Class B: for use in a residential environment.
Figure 3 — Structure of American National Standards Committee C63
Harmful interference is defined as any emission, radiation or induction that may endanger the functioning of
a radio navigation service or other safety services or which seriously degrades, obstructs or repeatedly
interrupts a radio communications service operating in accordance with the regulations.
Although there are no requirements for susceptibility the “parties responsible for equipment compliances”
are advised to consider susceptibility to interference (e.g. by proximity to high power broadcast stations).
Devices are required to bear the following statement (label):
“This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference
received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.”
ANSI standards: Although the American national standards are based on broad consensus of the
manufacturers and users, they are nevertheless only recommendations. There is no provision to enforce
compliance on a mandatory basis.
4 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

2.4 CENELEC
Within the European Community, the European Standards Committee for Electrical Products [CENELEC
Comité Européen de Normalisation Électrotechnique], set up in 1973, is responsible for bringing out
harmonized European standards for electrical products. The CENELEC EMC standards are generally identical
to CISPR and IEC/TC77 recommendations or contain usually minor “common modifications”. CENELEC
implements IEC results in Europe in a uniform manner by common agreement of its members. The
subcommittee responsible for EMC is IEC/TC 210.
2.5 Military
Military interest in the field of electromagnetic interference and techniques to control it, has led to important
advances in understanding EMI and the technology to achieve EMC. Although the armed forces in several
countries documented and published their own standards for limiting EMI, the work by the US military (MIL
standards) continues to lead the way in this field.
3 Sources of electromagnetic disturbances
3.1 General
Electromagnetic disturbances can be generated intentionally (e.g. telecommunication equipment), non-
intentionally (e.g. interactions in circuits and systems) or by natural sources (e.g. atmospheric lightning,
electrostatic discharge).
Potential sources of electromagnetic compatibility problems include radio transmitters, power lines, electronic
circuits, lightning, lamp dimmers, electric motors, arc welders, solar flares and just about anything that utilizes
or creates electromagnetic energy.
An overview of electromagnetic sources is shown in Figure 4.

Communication/ Oscillators Atmospherics Cosmic/Galactic
Radar/Navigation Switches Lightning noise
equipment Motors
Fluorescent tube Filters Electrostatic Solar noise
lights Relays discharge
Automobile ignition Nonlinear circuit
elements
Industrial Circuit breakers
equipment such as Magnetic armatures
arc welders, Latching contactors
heaters, etc. Logic and digital
Electric traction circuits
Arcing due to
Appliances such as improper contacts
microwave ovens, Corona
mixers, vacuum
cleaners, electric
shavers
Power supplies
Disk drives
NOTE Source: Engineering EMC-IEEE Press.
Figure 4 — Electromagnetic disturbance
3.2 Classification of electromagnetic interference (EMI)
3.2.1 As previously discussed, EMI can be either conducted or radiated.
Some typical examples of EMI are
 picking up a CB radio conversations on your stereo;
 telephone is damaged by lightning-induced surges on the phone line;
 the screen on video display jitters when the fluorescent lights are on;
 new memory board is destroyed by an unseen discharge as you install it;
6 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

 the clock on VCR resets everytime your air conditioner kicks in;
 laptop computer interferes with your aircraft’s rudder control;
 the airport radar interferes with laptop computer display;
 pacemaker picks up cellular telephone calls;
 a hospital’s electrocardiogram machine picks up a television channel.
3.2.2 Conducted interferences are disturbances not intentionally generated and are commonly present on
lines connected to power supply networks. Conducted interferences may also appear on data, telephone lines
or other metallic paths connecting the source of the interference and the susceptor. Some complex equipment
can generate conducted interference well up into the gigahertz frequency range. Different types of equipment
that commonly generate conducted interference are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Sources of conducted interference
Source Spectrum
Circuit Breaker Cam Contacts 10 MHz to 20 MHz
Command Programmer
Signal lines 0,1 MHz to 25 MHz
Power lines 1 MHz to 25 MHz
Computer Logic Box 50 kHz to 20 MHz
Corona 0,1 MHz to 10 MHz
Fluorescent Lamps 0,1 MHz to 3 MHz
Heater Circuits (Contact Cycling) 50 kHz to 25 MHz
Latching Contactor 50 kHz-25 MHz
Motor Armatures 2 MHz to 4 MHz
Mercury Arc Lamps 0,1 MHz to 1,0 MHz
Power Controller 2 kHz to 15 kHz
Power Supply Switching Circuit 0,5 MHz to 25 MHz
Power Transfer Controller 50 kHz to 25 MHz
Vacuum Cleaner 0,1 MHz to1,0 MHz
NOTE Source: Leland H. Hemming. Architectural EM Shielding Handbook, IEEE Press.
3.2.3 Radiated interferences are disturbances appearing as electromagnetic fields.
Radiated interference is caused by atmospheric disturbances, cosmic noise, solar radiation, and manmade
sources such as automobiles, industrial, commercial and medical equipment.
3.3 Typical EMC phenomena
3.3.1 General
The following classifications of EMC phenomena provide information to define measurements for the test
requirements listed in Clause 5.
3.3.2 Low frequency disturbances (dc to 10 kHz to 20 kHz)
The phenomena of low frequency is mainly present on power supply lines due to load disturbances (e.g. non-
linear loads, fluctuating loads, unbalanced three phase voltage system) and faults on power networks. Typical
EMC phenomena concerning conducted low frequency disturbances are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 — Low frequency disturbances
EMC phenomena EMC phenomena source EMC phenomena effect
Harmonics and • Discrete frequencies (e.g. static frequency • A short quasi-instantaneous effect; which
Interharmonics converters, cyclo-converters) may range from an occasional
malfunctioning up to damage of an
• Continuous spectrum (e.g. arc furnaces)
electronic component
• A long term effect such as excessive
substation
Signal voltages in the low • “audio frequencies” in the range 110 Hz to • The operation of sensitive electronic
voltage supply networks 2 000 Hz (triple control) equipment could be affected (e.g.
[from 100 Hz to 150 Hz ] electronic control device, computers)
• “medium frequencies” in the range 3 kHz
to 20 kHz (MF-power line carriers)
• “radio frequencies” in the range 20 kHz to
150 kHz (RF-power line carriers)
Voltage fluctuations • Randomly varying large loads (e.g. arc • The operation of sensitive electronic
furnaces) equipment could be affected (e.g.
electronic control device, computers)
• On-off switching of loads (e.g. motors)
• Step voltage changes (due to tap voltage
regulators of transformers)
Voltage dips and short • Faults in the low voltage (<1 000 V), • Tripping of contactors
interruptions medium voltage (1 000 V to 100 kV) or
• Incorrect operation of regulating devices
high voltage (>100 kV) networks (short
circuits or ground faults)
• Commutation failures in converters
• Loss of data in computer memories
Three-phase voltage • Unbalance in a three-phase voltage • Overheating of a.c. rotating machines
unbalance
system
• Generation of non-characteristic
harmonics in electronic power converters
Power frequency variations
• Frequency variation in main power • Measurement errors
network
• Loss of synchronization
3.3.3 Conducted transients (nanoseconds to a few milliseconds) and high-frequency disturbances
Conducted transients (nanoseconds to a few milliseconds in duration) are very common on signal and power
supply lines coming from atmospheric phenomena (e.g. lightning), switching of inductive or capacitive loads
(e.g. relays, capacitors, motors) and faults on power networks which cause interference by coupling with other
cables. High frequency conducted disturbances are frequently caused by radio transmitters, ISM (Industrial
Scientific and Medical) and emissions from digital processing equipment which are coupled to signal and
power cables. The level of electromagnetic interference (i.e. disturbances) is dependent on the shielding,
earthing (grounding), over voltage protection etc. of the installations. Typical EMC phenomena concerning
conducted transient and high frequency disturbances are shown in Table 3.
8 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

Table 3 — Conducted transient and HF-disturbances
EMC phenomena EMC phenomena source EMC phenomena effect
Voltage/Current surge • Blowing of high amperage fuses in low • The operation of electronic equipment can be
(100/1300 µs) voltage (< 1 000 V) supply network affected
• The electronic equipment can be damaged
Voltage surge (1,2/50 µs) • Switching phenomena in the power • If the equipment has high impedance relative
network (e.g. switching of capacitor to that of the source, the surge will produce a
Current surge (8/20 µs)
banks) voltage pulse on the equipment terminals
• Faults in the power network • If the equipment has a relative low
impedance, the surge will produce a current
• Lightning strokes (direct or indirect
pulse
strokes)
10/700 µs voltage surge • Lightning discharges • The operation of electrical or electronic
equipment can be affected
• Any other surge disturbances
Fast transient bursts
• Switching of small inductive loads, e.g. • The operation of electronic equipment can be
relay contacts bouncing (conducted affected but generally does not cause
interferences) damage
• Switching of high-voltage switchgear
Ring wave • Oscillatory transients due to switching • The operation of electronic equipment can be
phenomena in residential and industrial affected due to the voltage polarity changes
low voltage underground cabling
network
Damped oscillatory wave • Oscillatory transients induced in the • The operation of electrical or electronic
low voltage circuits by phenomena in equipment can be affected
the high voltage or medium voltage
networks (e.g. switching phenomena,
faults, etc.)
High frequency induced Continuous (or quasi-continuous) voltages • The operation of electrical or electronic
voltages originated by: equipment can be affected (these
disturbances induce oscillatory transients in
• Switching operations
the secondary circuits despite protective
measures; further, they can appear as
• Faults in the high voltage, medium
residual voltages on the screen of shielded
voltage or low voltage networks
cables)
3.3.4 Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
The phenomena of electrostatic discharge results from the friction between two non-conductive materials (one
of these could be the “air”) which causes a static charge. The level of disturbance depends on the installation
conditions (such as the type of floor) and climatic conditions (humidity). Typical EMC phenomena concerning
electrostatic discharge disturbances are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 — Electrostatic discharge disturbances
EMC phenomena EMC phenomena source EMC phenomena effect
Electrostatic discharges • A person or an object touching the • The operation of electronic
equipment or coming into the equipment can be affected
vicinity of the equipment
• The electronic equipment can
be damaged
3.3.5 Magnetic disturbances
The severity of magnetic disturbances depends on the current flowing through the conductors in the vicinity of
the equipment, the distance between the conductors and the presence of neighbouring magnetic materials.
Typical EMC phenomena concerning magnetic disturbances are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 — Magnetic disturbances
EMC phenomena EMC phenomena source EMC phenomena effect
Power frequency magnetic
• Power frequency current in nearby • The operation of electronic
field conductors equipment can be affected
Steady magnetic field
• Less often, from other devices
(e.g. for steady – vicinity of
Short duration magnetic field
magnets; e.g. for short duration –
electromagnetic device)
Pulse magnetic field • Lightning strikes • The operation of electronic
equipment can be affected
Damped oscillatory magnetic • Switching of high voltage circuits • The operation of electronic
field
in electricity (power) plants equipment can be affected
3.3.6 Radiated electromagnetic field disturbances
Radiated electromagnetic emissions are generated by radio and television transmitters, radars, digital mobile
phones and other forms of communication transmitters. The severity of the disturbance depends on the power
of the transmitter and its distance from the susceptible equipment. Interference due to hand-held transceivers
is of particular concern. Typical EMC phenomena concerning radiated electromagnetic field disturbances are
shown in Table 6.
Table 6 — Radiated electromagnetic field disturbances
EMC phenomena EMC phenomena source EMC phenomena effect
Radiated electromagnetic • Devices emitting continuous wave • The operation of electronic
field
radiated electromagnetic energy equipment can be affected
• Hand-held transceivers (e.g. walkie-
talkies, mobile telephones)
• Radio and television transmitters
• Vehicle radio transmitters
• Electromagnetic industrial and
intermittent sources
• Coupling of electromagnetic field with
cables
• Radars
10 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

4 EMI/EMC comparison
4.1 Emissions standards comparison
The following worldwide standards were used in the comparison of the emission limits shown in Annex A.
Europe: EN 12015:1998, Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family standard for lifts,
escalators and passenger conveyors — Emission
Japan: VCCI
China: GB 9254-88
USA: ANSI/IEEE C63.12:1999
FCC Part 15:1999
MIL-SPEC-461E:1999
NOTE Table A.1 is not a complete list of specifications given in MIL-STD-461E. The example given is for ground
installations only. The specifications vary depending upon the agency (army, navy and air force) and the applications
within that agency (e.g. ship, aircraft, space system). Military specifications are frequently, but not always, more stringent
than their commercial counterparts.
4.2 Susceptibility/immunity standards comparison
The following worldwide standards were used in the comparison of the susceptibility/immunity limits shown in
Annex B.
Europe: EN 12016:1998, Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family standard for lifts,
escalators and passenger conveyors — Immunity
Japan: JEIDA-52
China: GB 13926:1988
USA: ANSI/IEEE C63.12:1999
MIL-STD-461E:1999
NOTE Table B.2 is not a complete list of specifications given in MIL-STD-461E. The example given is for ground
installations only. The specifications vary depending upon the agency (army, navy and air force) and the applications
within that agency (e.g. ship, aircraft, space system). Military specifications are frequently, but not always, more stringent
than their commercial counterparts.
5 Test and measurement requirements
The test and measurement methods given in Tables 7 and 8 define the basic principles of how to proceed with
EMC measurements:
Table 7 — Emission
Country Conducted and radiated Impulse noise Voltage fluctuation and
emissions flicker
Europe EN 55011:1996 EN 55014:1993 EN 61000-3-3
Japan CISPR 22
China CISPR 22:1985
USA ANSI C63.4:1992
Table 8 — Immunity
Country Radio frequency Electrostatic Electrical fast Voltage dips
electromagnetic field discharge transient
Voltage interruption
a
Europe EN 61000-4-3 (IEC 801-3) EN 61000-4-2 EN 61000-4-4 EN 61000-4-11
Japan IEC 61000-4-3 IEC 61000-4-2 IEC 61000-4-4 IEC 61000-4-11
China IEC 801-3:1984 IEC 801-2:1984 IEC 801-4:1988
USA IEC 61000-4-3; IEC 61000-4-2 IEC 61000-4-4 IEC 61000-4-11
MIL Spec 461E
RS103
a
IEC 801-3:1984 is the standard referenced in prEN 12016:1998, but in the published EN 12016:1998 the reference was incorrectly
changed to EN 61000-4-3.
Annex C (Tables C.1 and C.2) shows the test details as frequency ranges and limits for all the norms. The
methods used in Europe, Japan and China are similar for both emission and immunity. The right-hand
columns indicate if the measurements are basic, not applicable or simply not considered. The measurement
methods given in EN 12016 for immunity differentiate between safety circuit and general function but the other
standards do not contemplate these functions since they are not elevator specific.
NOTE If the field strength measurement at 10 m cannot be made because of high ambient noise levels, or for other
reasons, measurement of Class B EUTs may be made at a closer distance, for example 3 m. An inverse proportionality
factor of 20 dB per decade should be used to normalize the measured data to the specified distance for determining
compliance. Care should be taken in the measurement of large EUTs at 3 m at frequencies near 30 MHz, due to near field
effects.
6 Future development
6.1 Europe
A new proposal from the European lift industry concerning EMC phenomena not yet covered by the Lift
product family standards EN 12015 and EN 12016 will be submitted to CEN/TC 10 for review. The new
proposal concerns the following EMC phenomena.
a) Harmonic emissions
Limits for most critical harmonics and total harmonic distortions are being proposed. Harmonic distortions
cause problems for other equipment connected to the same power line.
b) Radiated radio frequency electromagnetic fields
More severe immunity level and more appropriate tests are being considered for equipment operating in the
frequency range above 500 MHz.
12 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

c) Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio frequency fields
As it is not always possible to keep homogeneous fields of radiated immunity in the frequency field below
80 MHz, a test procedure for conducted disturbances is being proposed to reproduce test results of immunity
to an RF field from 27 MHz to 80 MHz.
d) Radiated electromagnetic field from digital radio telephones
A large number of new radio digital phone [e.g. ground system mobile (telephones)] systems have been
recently introduced into the market. The proposal concerns the implementation of a new test.
e) Surge
Surge tests are being proposed to simulate high voltage and frequency disturbances coming from
atmospheric phenomena (e.g. direct and indirect lightning strikes) which cause damages or faults in electric
and electronic equipment.
6.2 China
Influenced by compulsory EMI/EMC Standards in Europe (i.e. EMC Directives) since 1996, experts in China
realized that China’s EMC/EMI standards must align with the advanced International EMC/EMI standards. A
plan was made to develop EMC/EMI work in three steps. The first step is to review systematically the
available standards so as to revise and amend the EMC/EMI standards. The second step is to accredit some
test centres as the test authorities. The third step is to do product certification by the accredited test centres in
order to assure that the EMC/EMI standard is met.
6.3 United States
The US-EMC Committees (ANSI C63 and IEEE) and the FCC are keenly aware of the needs of US industry
and its trading partners to strive for international harmonization of emissions and immunity limits and methods
of measurement. However, in the United States it is not likely that immunity requirements will become
mandatory so that such requirements as are issued are primarily for guidance to manufacturers, who must
independently evaluate the environment and associated performance requirements of their products where
they will be used.
The new version of C63.12 has immunity requirements generally similar to those in the European and IEC
generic standards [IEC 61000-6-1 (residential) and IEC 61000-6-2 (industrial)], along with a set of
requirements for use in so called severe environments (e.g. military or civilian aircraft).
The FCC has also just recently accepted CISPR emission testing techniques in addition to its own and
ANSI C63.4. The FCC is also supportive of industry in Mutual Recognition Agreements between the US
Government and other countries (e.g. EU).
7 Observations and recommendations
7.1 General
Most of the existing EMC standards for electric and electronic equipment, for lifts, escalators and passenger
conveyors are based on CISPR/IEC standards. Requirements are covered by common tests and in many
cases the frequency ranges and test limits are the same as CISPR/IEC standards.
7.2 Emission
7.2.1 Observations
The main differences between the European Lift Standard for radiated and conducted emissions, EN 12015,
and other CISPR/IEC base standards (standards within this comparison) are due to the fact that lifts have
been classified into only Class A equipment. In EN 12015, Class A emission requirements were used because
lifts do not have the same characteristics as home appliances.
It is noted that Class A equipment requirements used by the generic standards in this comparison are aligned
to the same requirements. Therefore in conclusion, the classification of lifts as Class B is not appropriate
because they do not exhibit the same characteristics of equipment commonly used within residential buildings.
7.2.2 Recommendations
The adoption of EN 12015 [EMC Product Family Standard for Lifts, Escalators and Passenger Conveyors —
Emissions] as an ISO International Standard is proposed for the following reasons.
a) EN 12015 is the same or similar to the generic requirements for Class A of the standards referenced in
this comparison from Japan and China.
b) Conducted emissions in EN 12015 for equipment less than 25 amperes is the same as for ANSI/IEEE
C63.12 (see Figure A.1, standards comparison of conducted emission, Class A).
c) The FCC requirements for conducted emissions are more stringent than EN 12015 requirements (see
Figure A.1). However the FCC limits apply to telecommunication, digital equipment and portable
appliances and not transportation equipment.
d) The radiated emissions in EN 12015 are the same as the radiated emissions in ANSI/IEEE C63.12,
noting that levels under 30 MHz are not addressed in EN 12015 (see Figure A.5, standards comparison
of radiated emission). Testing for radiated emissions below 30 MHz is presently unreliable and therefore
not practible for lifts and escalators, and thus not included in EN 12015. (NB: The length of the connecting
cable to the equipment is an unknown variable and causes unreliable results.)
e) The radiated emissions in EN 12015 are the same or similar to the radiated emissions of other referenced
standards in this comparison.
7.3 Immunity
7.3.1 Observations
Since lifts can be installed in both industrial and residential environments, the European EMI (family product)
standard, EN 12016, chose the basic industrial immunity requirements because they were more stringent than
the residential requirements.
7.3.2 Recommendations
In the absence of a product specific immunity standard, it is proposed that EN 12016 be adopted as an
ISO standard for lift immunity requirements.
14 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

Annex A
(normative)
Conducted and radiated emission limits

16 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
Table A.1 — Conducted and radiated emission limits
CE limits dB (µµV) RE limits dB(µµV/m) CE limits dB(µµV) RE limits dB(µµV/m) Basic Conditions
µµ µµ µµ µµ
Class A Class A Class B Class B (6) Standard
Standard Environmental Units Test Levels quasi peak avg. quasi peak quasi peak avg. quasi peak Notes
Phenomena
Conducted MHz 0,15 - 0,50 79,100 & 130 66,90 & 120 EN55011 . ports for (1) CE limits are based on the work of CISPR
Emissions (CE) (2) (2) Group 1 ac mains Subcommittee B
(1) (2) Limits with rated mains <25 amperes
0,5 - 5,0 73,86 & 125 60, 76 & 115
NC NC NC
(2) (2) 25-100 amperes, and >100 amperes
respectively.
5,0 - 30 73,90-70 & 115 60, 80-60 & 105
EN12015 –
(3) The limits with rated mains 25-100
1998 (2) (3) (4) (2) (4)
amperes decrease with logarithm of
Europe
Radiated MHz 30 - 230  30 (7) EN55011 .enclosure
frequency.
Emissions (RE) 40 (5) Group 1 ports
NC NC NC
(4) The limits with rated mains >100 amperes
230 - 1000  37 (7)
assume a dedicated power supply from a low
47 (5)
impedance source.
EN55014 . ports for
iImpulse clicks per solated EN55014:1993
(5) Limits measured at 3 to 10 m distance and
Noise (8) minute (N) Group 1 ac mains
<5 No limits
based on EN 50081-2:1993 (see 8.1.3 for
5 ≤  ≤ 30 20 log 30/N
EN 55011:1991)
>30 Limits specified in conducted emission
(6) Class B is not relevant for EN12015.
(7) Limits measured at 30 m distance.
(8) Electromagnetic emission levels resulting
from impulse noise (clicks), shall not exceed
the conducted emission (CE) limits specified
in the table if the clicks which occur more
frequently than 30 times per minute.
NC NC NC
Electromagnetic emission levels resulting
from clicks which occur between 5 and
30 times per minute shall not exceed the
conducted emission (CE) l
...