Determination of the resistance to jet fires of passive fire protection materials

Détermination de la résistance aux feux propulsés des matériaux de protection passive contre l'incendie

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ISO/DIS 22899-1 - Determination of the resistance to jet fires of passive fire protection materials
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 22899-1
ISO/TC 92/SC 2 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2019-08-07 2019-10-30
Determination of the resistance to jet fires of passive fire
protection materials —
Part 1:
General requirements

Détermination de la résistance aux feux propulsés des matériaux de protection passive contre l'incendie —

Partie 1: Exigences générales
ICS: 13.220.50
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
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ISO/DIS 22899-1:2019(E)
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TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
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PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2019
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ISO/DIS 22899-1:2019(E)
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© ISO 2019

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ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 22899-1:2019(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3

5 Test configurations ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3

5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.2 Internal configuration ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4

5.3 External configuration ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6 Construction of the test items and substrates ....................................................................................................................... 5

6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6.2 Material ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6.3 Nozzle.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

6.4 Flame re-circulation chamber.................................................................................................................................................... 6

6.5 Protective chamber ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7

6.6 Panel test specimens (internal configuration) ............................................................................................................ 9

6.7 Structural steelwork test specimens (internal configuration) ...................................................................10

6.8 Tubular section test specimens (external configuration) ...............................................................................13

7 Passive fire protection systems ..........................................................................................................................................................14

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................14

7.2 Panel test specimens .......................................................................................................................................................................14

7.3 Structural steelwork test specimens .................................................................................................................................15

7.4 Tubular section test specimens .............................................................................................................................................16

7.5 Assembly specimens .......................................................................................................................................................................16

7.5.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................16

7.5.2 Requirements for assemblies mounted on panels .................. .........................................................16

7.5.3 Cable transit systems ................................................................................................................................................17

7.6 Pipe penetration systems ...........................................................................................................................................................18

8 Instrumentation .................................................................................................................................................................................................21

8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................21

8.2 Panel test specimens .......................................................................................................................................................................21

8.3 Structural steelwork test specimens .................................................................................................................................22

8.4 Tubular section test specimens .............................................................................................................................................23

8.5 Assembly specimens .......................................................................................................................................................................24

8.5.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................24

8.5.2 Panel mounted cable transit systems .........................................................................................................24

8.5.3 Tubular section mounted assemblies .........................................................................................................25

8.6 Recommended instrumentation of pipe penetration seals ...........................................................................26

9 Test apparatus and conditions ............................................................................................................................................................27

9.1 Nozzle geometry and position ................................................................................................................................................27

9.1.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................27

9.1.2 Nozzle position for panel (including panel assemblies) and steelwork tests ..........27

9.1.3 Nozzle position for tubular section (including assemblies) tests ......................................28

9.2 Fuel .................................................................................................................................................................................................................29

9.3 Test environment ...............................................................................................................................................................................29

10 Test procedure .....................................................................................................................................................................................................29

11 Repeatability and reproducibility ...................................................................................................................................................33

12 Uncertainty of measurement ................................................................................................................................................................33

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ISO/DIS 22899-1:2019(E)

13 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................33

14 Practical application of test results ...............................................................................................................................................34

14.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................34

14.2 Performance criteria .......................................................................................................................................................................35

14.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................35

14.2.2 Coatings and spray-applied materials ........................................................................................................35

14.2.3 Systems and assemblies .........................................................................................................................................35

14.3 Factors affecting the validity of the test .........................................................................................................................36

14.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................36

14.3.2 Interruption of the jet fire .....................................................................................................................................36

14.3.3 Failure of thermocouples .................. .....................................................................................................................36

14.3.4 Failure of a seal ...............................................................................................................................................................36

Annex A (normative) Methods of fixing thermocouples ...............................................................................................................37

Annex B (informative) Example test report ...............................................................................................................................................39

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................42

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ISO/DIS 22899-1:2019(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International

Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.

Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies

casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 22899-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire

containment.

ISO 22899 consists of the following parts, under the general title Determination of the resistance to jet

fires of passive fire protection materials:
— Part 1: General requirements
Further parts of ISO 22899 are planned for future publication.
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ISO/DIS 22899-1:2019(E)
Introduction

The test described in the procedure described in this part of ISO 22899 is one in which some of the

properties of passive fire protection materials can be determined. This test is designed to give an

indication of how passive fire protection materials will perform in a jet fire. The dimensions of the

test specimen may be smaller than typical items of structure and plant and the release of gas may be

substantially less than that which might occur in a credible event. However, individual thermal and

mechanical loads imparted to the passive fire protection material, from the jet fire defined in the

procedure described in this part of ISO 22899, have been shown to be similar to those by large-scale jet

fires resulting from high-pressure releases of natural gas.

NOTE 1 Guidance on the applicability of the test will be covered in a future part of ISO 22899.

Although the method specified has been designed to simulate some of the conditions that occur in

an actual jet fire, it cannot reproduce them all exactly and the thermal and mechanical loads do not

necessarily coincide. The results of this test do not guarantee safety but may be used as elements of a fire

risk assessment for structures or plant. This should also take into account all the other factors that are

pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard for a particular end use. The test is not intended to replace

[2]

the hydrocarbon fire resistance test (ISO/TR 834-3/EN 1363-2 ) but is seen as a complementary test.

NOTE 2 Users of this part of ISO 22899 are advised to consider the desirability of third-party certification/

inspection/testing of product conformity with this part of ISO 22899.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 22899-1:2019(E)
Determination of the resistance to jet fires of passive fire
protection materials —
Part 1:
General requirements

CAUTION — the attention of all persons concerned with managing and carrying out this

fire resistance test is drawn to the fact that fire testing may be hazardous and that there

is a possibility that toxic and/or harmful smoke and gases may be evolved during the test.

Mechanical and operational hazards may also arise during the construction of the test elements

or structures, their testing and disposal of test residues.

An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health shall be made and safety precautions

shall be identified and provided. Appropriate training shall be given to relevant personnel.

1 Scope

This part of ISO 22899 describes a method of determining the resistance to jet fires of passive fire

protection materials and systems. It gives an indication of how passive fire protection materials behave

in a jet fire and provides performance data under the specified conditions.

It does not include an assessment of other properties of the passive fire protection material such as

weathering, ageing, shock resistance, impact or explosion resistance, or smoke production.

Complete I-beams and columns cannot be tested to this standard due to disruption of the characteristics

of the jet.
2 Normative references

ISO 630:1995, Structural steels — Plates, wide flats, bars, sections and profiles

ISO/TR 834-3, Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 3: Commentary on test

method and guide to the application of the outputs from the fire-resistance test

ISO 13702, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on

offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
assembly
unit or structure composed of a combination of materials or products, or both
3.2
cellulosic fire
fire involving combustible material such as wood, paper, furniture, etc.
3.3
critical temperature

maximum temperature that the equipment, assembly or structure to be protected may be allowed

to reach
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ISO/DIS 22899-1:2019(E)
3.4
Delta Tmax
The maximum temperature rise recorded by any of the installed thermocouples
3.5
fire barrier

separating element that resists the passage of flame and/or heat and/or effluents for a period of time

under specified conditions
3.6
fire resistance

ability of an item to fulfil, for a stated period of time, the required stability and/or integrity and/

or thermal insulation, and/or other expected duty (reaching the critical temperature) specified in a

standard fire-resistance test
3.7
fire test

procedure designed to measure or assess the performance of a material, product, structure or system

to one or more aspects of fire
3.8
flame re-circulation chamber

mild steel box, open at the front, into which the jet fire is directed giving a re-circulating flame resulting

in a fireball
Note 1 to entry: Materials other than mild steel may be used when appropriate.
3.9
integrity

ability of a separating element, when exposed to fire on one side, to prevent the passage of flames and

hot gases or occurrence of flames on the unexposed side, for a stated period of time in a standard fire

resistance test
3.10
intermediate-scale test
test performed on an item of medium dimensions

Note 1 to entry: A test performed on an item of which the maximum dimension is between 1 m and 3 m is usually

called “an intermediate-scale test”. This part of ISO 22899 describes an intermediate-scale jet fire test.

3.11
jet fire
ignited discharge of propane vapour under pressure
3.12
jet nozzle
assembly from which the flammable material issues
3.13
outside specimen diameter

specimen diameter measured to the outer surface of the passive fire protection system on a tubular

specimen
3.14
passive fire protection

coating or cladding arrangement or free-standing system which, in the event of fire, will provide

thermal protection to restrict the rate at which heat is transmitted to the object or area being protected

Note 1 to entry: The term passive is used to distinguish the systems tested, including those systems that react

chemically e.g. intumescents, from active systems such as water deluge.
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ISO/DIS 22899-1:2019(E)
3.15
passive fire protection material

coating or cladding that, in the event of a fire, will provide thermal protection to restrict the rate at

which heat is transmitted to the object or area being protected
3.16
passive fire protection system

removable jacket or inspection panel, cable transit system, pipe penetration seal or other such

system that, in the event of a fire, will provide thermal protection to restrict the rate at which heat is

transmitted to the object or area being protected
3.17
penetration seal

system used to maintain the fire resistance of a separating element at the position where there is

provision for services to pass through the separating element
3.18
pool fire

combustion of flammable or combustible hydrocarbon liquid spilled and retained on a surface

3.19
protective chamber

mild steel box, open at the front and back, which is designed to be attached to the rear of the flame

re-circulation chamber to shield the rear of the flame re-circulation chamber from environmental

influences

Note 1 to entry: A protective chamber is not required for tubular section tests but may be used to provide

additional stability to the flame re-circulation chamber.
4 Principle

The method provides an indication of how passive fire protection materials perform in a jet fire that

may occur, for example, in petrochemical installations. It aims at simulating the thermal and mechanical

loads imparted to passive fire protection material by large-scale jet fires (see Bibliography [3]) resulting

from high-pressure releases of flammable gas, pressure liquefied gas or flashing liquid fuels. Jet fires

give rise to high convective and radiative heat fluxes as well as high erosive forces. To generate both

types of heat flux in sufficient quantity, a 0,3 kg s sonic release of gas is aimed into a shallow chamber,

producing a fireball with an extended tail. The flame thickness is thereby increased and hence so is the

heat radiated to the test specimen. Propane is used as the fuel since it has a greater propensity to form

soot than does natural gas and can therefore produce a flame of higher luminosity. High erosive forces

are generated by the release of the sonic velocity gas jet 1 m from specimen surface.

5 Test configurations
5.1 General
There are two basic configurations under which the test can be operated:

a) an internal configuration where one or more of the inner faces of the box incorporates the test

construction;

b) an external configuration where the test construction is installed on supports in front of the box.

These two alternative configurations are shown in Figures 1 and 2.
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ISO/DIS 22899-1:2019(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 protective chamber
2 jet nozzle
3 supports

4 flame re-circulation chamber either with coated inner surfaces or with the rear face replaced by a panel to

form the test construction
Figure 1 — Layout for internal configuration
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 flame re-circulation chamber
2 flame re-circulation chamber support
3 test construction
4 test construction support
5 jet nozzle
Figure 2 — Layout for external configuration
5.2 Internal configuration

The internal test configuration is used for determining the jet fire resistance of:

a) protection systems for plane surfaces;
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ISO/DIS 22899-1:2019(E)
b) protection systems for edge features;
c) bulkheads and other separating elements;
d) penetration systems used in conjunction with bulkheads.
5.3 External configuration

The external test configuration is used for determining the jet fire resistance of protected hollow

sections or assemblies mounted on hollow sections.
6 Construction of the test items and substrates
6.1 General

The key items required for the test are the jet release nozzle, the flame re-circulation chamber and a

protective chamber. These items are all required for the internal configurations of the test and the test

specimen forms all or part of the flame re-circulation chamber. In the external configurations of the

test, the flame re-circulation chamber is only used to help produce the fireball and it is not necessary to

use the protective chamber.
6.2 Material

The material normally used is 10 mm thick steel plate complying with ISO 630:1995, Grade Fe 430. All

welded construction shall be used and all welds shall be 5 mm fillet and continuous unless otherwise

stated. All dimensions are in millimetres and, unless otherwise stated, the following tolerances shall

be used:
— whole number ± 1,0 mm
— decimal to point ,0 ± 0,4 mm
— decimal to point ,00 ± 0,2 mm
— angles ± 0’ 30”
— radii ± 0,4 mm
6.3 Nozzle

The fuel is released towards the specimen from a nozzle. The tapered, converging nozzle shall be of

length 200 ± 1 mm, inlet diameter 52 ± 0,5 mm and outlet diameter 17,8 ± 0,2 mm. Figure 3 shows

the details of construction. The nozzle shall be constructed of heat resistant stainless steel. Provisions

shall be made for fitting a sighting device.

The side, top and bottom walls of the flame re-circulation chamber shall be constructed from mild

steel of 10 mm thickness. The rear wall of the chamber shall either be constructed of 10 mm thick steel

welded to the sides of the chamber or of a panel bolted on to form the rear wall. If the substrate material

is not steel or the substrate thickness is not 10 mm, the material and thickness used shall be stated in

the test report. The details of construction of the flame re-circulation chamber are given in Figure 5.

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ISO/DIS 22899-1:2019(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 3 — Nozzle
6.4 Flame re-circulation chamber

The flame re-circulation chamber, having nominal internal dimensions 1 500 mm × 1 500 mm ×

500 mm, shall be used for each test. The chamber is flanged at the rear to allow bolting on of a panel

when required and attachment, by bolting or clamping, of the protective chamber when required. A

general view of the flame re-circulation chamber is shown in Figure 4 and details of construction in

Figure 5
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 jet position
2 flame re-circulation chamber
Figure 4 — General view of flame re-circulation chamber

Details of the flange construction, apart from the hole spacing, are not given as one of two methods may

be used.

a) The flanges may be constructed by welding L-section steel to the rear of each wall.

b) For structural steelwork specimens, the rear wall may be constructed by continuously welding a

1 620 mm × 1 620 mm plate on to the rear of the flame re-circulation chamber and drilling holes at

the appropriate locations in the plate extending beyond the sides of the chamber.

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ISO/DIS 22899-1:2019(E)

Inner walls that do not form part of the specimen, e.g. the sidewalls in a panel test, shall be protected

from distortion by a ceramic board insulation material or other suitable form of passive fire protection

material.

NOTE If the substrate is not steel, the material used for construction of the specimen should be at the

discretion of the test laboratory and any third-party certifying body.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 lifting lug, 25 mm th
...

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