ISO 17175:2017

Bidis — Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a linear routine analytical smoking machine

ISO 17175:2017 specifies methods for the determination of total particulate matter and for the subsequent determination of nicotine-free dry particulate matter present in the smoke from bidis generated and collected using a routine analytical smoking machine. The smoking method described is suitable for routine analytical smoking machines which are equipped with a suitable bidi holder complying with the requirements of 5.8. The method is equally suitable for rotary machines after due validation.

Bidis — Détermination de la matière particulaire totale et de la matière particulaire anhydre et exempte de nicotine au moyen d'une machine à fumer analytique de routine

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 21-Nov-2017
• ICS: 65.160 - Tobacco, tobacco products and related equipment
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 126 - Tobacco and tobacco products
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 126 - Tobacco and tobacco products
• Current Stage: 9092 - International Standard to be revised
• Start Date: 22-Jun-2026
• Completion Date: 27-Jun-2026

Overview

ISO 17175:2017 - "Bidis - Determination of total and nicotine‑free dry particulate matter using a linear routine analytical smoking machine" specifies a laboratory method to generate, collect and quantify mainstream smoke particulate matter from bidis using a routine analytical smoking machine. The standard defines procedures for measuring total particulate matter (TPM) and calculating nicotine‑free dry particulate matter (NFDPM) after determination of water and nicotine in the collected condensate. It is intended for routine analytical linear machines (and can be applied to rotary machines after validation).

Key topics and technical requirements

• Test scope: Determination of TPM and NFDPM in bidi smoke collected on glass‑fibre filter pads (smoke traps).
• Sample preparation: Conditioning of bidi laboratory samples; selection of test bidis by mass and length; marking of butt length and insertion depth. (Bidis typically range 55–90 mm and have high wrapper‑leaf content - wrapper can contribute ~50% of weight.)
• Smoking machine and holder: Use of a routine analytical linear smoking machine equipped with a compliant bidi holder (requirements referenced in clause 5.8). Rotary machines are acceptable only after due validation.
• Smoking regime: Procedure follows ISO 4387 conventions except for a puff frequency of two puffs per minute and smoking two bidis per smoke trap to avoid filter overload.
• Analytical determinations: Gravimetric TPM, extraction and water determination (to obtain dry particulate matter), nicotine analysis (e.g., per ISO 10315), and calculation of NFDPM.
• Quality control: Use of monitor test pieces (ISO 16055) and reporting of repeatability/reproducibility data (annexed interlaboratory results).
• Safety and limitations: Standard warns about hazardous materials/processes and reiterates that machine yields are for characterization/regulatory comparison - not direct measures of human exposure or risk.

Applications and users

ISO 17175:2017 is used for:

• Tobacco product testing and quality control for manufacturers of bidis.
• Regulatory compliance and market surveillance by public health authorities and standards bodies.
• Research and product comparison in analytical laboratories studying smoke emissions and constituent yields.
• Interlaboratory studies and method validation for establishing comparable machine‑measured yields.

Typical users: tobacco testing laboratories, product developers, regulatory agencies, and scientific researchers.

Related standards

• ISO 3308 (routine analytical cigarette‑smoking machine definitions)
• ISO 3402 (conditioning/testing atmosphere)
• ISO 4387 (TPM/NFDPM for cigarettes - referenced smoking protocol)
• ISO 10315 (nicotine determination)
• ISO 10362‑1 (water in smoke condensates)
• ISO 16055 (monitor test pieces)

Keywords: ISO 17175:2017, bidis, nicotine‑free dry particulate matter, total particulate matter, TPM, NFDPM, routine analytical smoking machine, bidi holder, smoke trap, bidi testing.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17175
First edition
2017-11
Bidis — Determination of total and
nicotine-free dry particulate matter
using a linear routine analytical
smoking machine
Bidis — Détermination de la matière particulaire totale et de la
matière particulaire anhydre et exempte de nicotine au moyen d'une
machine à fumer analytique de routine
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 4
5 Apparatus . 4
6 Preparation of bidi test portion for smoking . 5
6.1 Conditioning of bidi laboratory sample . 5
6.2 Selection of conditioned bidis . 5
6.2.1 General. 5
6.2.2 Selection by mass . 5
6.2.3 Selection by length of mass selected bidis (6.2.1) . 5
6.3 Marking the butt length and insertion depth . 6
6.3.1 Standard butt length and insertion depth . 6
6.3.2 Marking of butt length and insertion depth . 6
6.4 Conditioning and test atmosphere . 6
6.4.1 Conditioning of bidis . 6
6.4.2 Testing atmosphere . 6
6.5 Smoking and collection of particulate matter . 6
6.5.1 Smoking plan . . 6
6.5.2 Preparation of smoke traps . 7
6.5.3 Puffing parameters . 7
6.5.4 Setting up the smoking machine . 7
6.5.5 Procedure for smoke run . 7
6.6 Determination of total particulate matter . 8
6.7 Calculation of total particulate matter . 8
6.8 Treatment of total particulate matter . 8
6.8.1 Extraction procedure . 8
6.8.2 Determination of water . 9
6.8.3 Determination of nicotine . 9
6.8.4 Calculation of NFDPM . 9
7 Test report . 9
8 Repeatability and reproducibility .11
Annex A (informative) Example of a bidi holder for a linear smoking machine .12
Annex B (informative) Interlaboratory test data .14
Bibliography .15
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 126, Tobacco and tobacco products.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Introduction
A bidi (also spelt as beedi) is a hand-made smoking article made by rolling the tobacco filler consisting
of air-cured, sun-cured and/or other suitable tobacco variety in Tendu (Diospyrus spp.) or Ashriti
(Bauhinia spp.) leaf. The wrapper leaf is a forest product. Bidis are either conical or cylindrical in shape
available in various lengths from 55 mm to 90 mm. Nearly 50 % of the weight of a bidi is contributed by
the non-tobacco leaf wrapper.
A conical bidi is completely closed at the broad end (lighting end) by folding and tucking in the wrapper
while the flattened narrow end (mouth end) is partly closed and is secured with a thread or any other
means to prevent unfolding of the wrapper.
A filter bidi will have a filter plug on one end while the lighting end will be completely closed by folding
and tucking in the wrapper leaf.
The components of bidis (tobacco filler and non-tobacco wrapping leaf) are natural products which
cause intrinsic variability in bidis. The variability is further increased by the way these components are
put together to produce a bidi.
Bidis form an important segment of smoking articles on a global level, are consumed in a large number
of countries and hence an International Standard on the analysis of bidi smoke is justified.
The method allows bidis to be smoked on a routine analytical linear smoking machine using a strictly
controlled set of parameters and collection of total particulate matter from smoke for further analysis.
Thus, it enables the determination of nicotine-free dry particulate matter (NFDPM) and nicotine in
bidis, when smoked by this procedure, to be compared and ranked on the basis of machine yield.
Experience and knowledge gained from the use of analytical cigarette-smoking machines have
highlighted a need to specify certain requirements, which are addressed in this document.
No machine smoking regime can represent all human smoking behaviour:
— machine smoking testing is useful to characterize bidi emissions for design and regulatory purposes,
but communication of machine measurements to smokers can result in misunderstandings about
differences in exposure and risk across brands;
— smoke emission data from machine measurements may be used as inputs for product hazard
assessment, but they are not intended to be nor are they valid as measures of human exposure or
risks. Communicating differences between products in machine measurements as differences in
exposure or risk is misuse of testing using ISO standards.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17175:2017(E)
Bidis — Determination of total and nicotine-free dry
particulate matter using a linear routine analytical
smoking machine
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This document does not purport to address all the safety problems associated with
its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 Scope
This document specifies methods for the determination of total particulate matter and for the
subsequent determination of nicotine-free dry particulate matter present in the smoke from bidis
generated and collected using a routine analytical smoking machine.
The smoking method described is suitable for routine analytical smoking machines which are equipped
with a suitable bidi holder complying with the requirements of 5.8. The method is equally suitable for
rotary machines after due validation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3308:2012, Routine analytical cigarette-smoking machine — Definitions and standard conditions
ISO 3402, Tobacco and tobacco products — Atmosphere for conditioning and testing
ISO 4387:2000, Cigarettes — Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a
routine analytical smoking machine
ISO 10315, Cigarettes — Determination of nicotine in smoke condensates — Gas-chromatographic method
ISO 10362-1, Cigarettes — Determination of water in smoke condensates — Part 1: Gas-
chromatographic method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3308, ISO 3402 and ISO 4387
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
butt length
length of unburnt bidi remaining at the moment when the smoking is stopped
[SOURCE: ISO 3308:2012, 3.2, modified — “cigarette” has been replaced by “bidi”.]
3.2
puff volume
volume leaving the butt end of a bidi and passing through the smoke trap (3.7)
[SOURCE: ISO 3308:2012, 3.8, modified — “cigarette” has been replaced by “bidi”.]
3.3
puff number
number of puffs necessary to smoke a bidi to a specified butt length (3.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 3308:2012, 3.9, modified — “cigarette” has been replaced by “bidi”.]
3.4
puff frequency
number of puffs in a given time
[SOURCE: ISO 3308:2012, 3.10]
3.5
puff termination
termination of the connection of the port to the suction mechanism
[SOURCE: ISO 3308:2012, 3.11]
3.6
bidi holder
device for holding the mouth end of a bidi during smoking
[SOURCE: ISO 3308:2012, 3.14, modified — “cigarette” has been replaced by “bidi”.]
3.7
smoke trap
device for collecting such part of the smoke from a sample of bidis as is necessary for the determination
of specified smoke components
[SOURCE: ISO 3308:2012, 3.15, modified — “cigarette” has been replaced by “bidi”.]
3.8
channel
element of a smoking machine consisting of one or more bidi holders (3.6), one trap and a means of
drawing a puff through the trap
[SOURCE: ISO 3308:2012, 3.17, modified — “cigarette” has been replaced by “bidi”.]
3.9
mainstream smoke
all smoke which leaves the butt end of a bidi during the smoking process (3.13)
[SOURCE: ISO 3308:2012, 3.20, modified — “cigarette” has been replaced by “bidi”.]
3.10
total particulate matter
crude smoke condensate
TPM
that portion of the mainstream smoke (3.9) which is trapped in the smoke trap (3.7), expressed as
milligrams per bidi
[SOURCE: ISO 4387:2000, 3.1, modified — “cigarette” has been replaced by “bidi”.]
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

3.11
dry particulate matter
dry smoke condensate
DPM
total particulate matter (3.10) after deduction of its water content, expressed as milligrams per bidi
[SOURCE: ISO 4387:2000, 3.2, modified — “cigarette” has been replaced by “bidi”.]
3.12
nicotine-free dry particulate matter
nicotine-free dry smoke condensate
NFDPM
dry particulate matter (3.11) after deduction of its nicotine content, expressed as milligrams per bidi
[SOURCE: ISO 4387:2000, 3.3, modified — “cigarette” has been replaced by “bidi”.]
3.13
smoking process
use of a smoking machine to smoke bidis from lighting to final puff
[SOURCE: ISO 4387:2000, 3.4, modified — “cigarette” has been replaced by “bidi”.]
3.14
smoking run
specific smoking process (3.13) to produce such smoke from a sample of bidis as is necessary for the
determination of the smoke components
[SOURCE: ISO 4387:2000, 3.5, modified — “cigarettes” has been replaced by “bidis”.]
3.15
bidi laboratory sample
bidi sample received in the laboratory for inspection or testing
[SOURCE: ISO 4387:2000, 3.6, modified — the term “laboratory sample” has been replaced by “bidi
laboratory sample” and the definition has been revised.]
3.16
bidi conditioning sample
bidis taken randomly from the laboratory sample for conditioning prior to selection and tests
[SOURCE: ISO 4387:2000, 3.8, modified — the term “conditioning sample” has been replaced by “bidi
conditioning sample” and the definition has been revised.]
3.17
bidi test sample
bidis for test selected by mass and length from the conditioned bidi laboratory sample (3.15)
[SOURCE: ISO 4387:2000, 3.7, modified — the term “test sample” has been replaced by “bidi test sample”
and the definition has been revised.]
3.18
bidi test portion
group of selected and marked bidis prepared for a single determination and which is a random sample
from the test sample
[SOURCE: ISO 4387:2000, 3.9, modified — the term “test portion” has been replaced by “bidi test
portion” and the definition has been revised.]
4 Principle
Bidis are conditioned and then selected by mass and length. The selected bidis are smoked on a
routine analytical smoking machine with simultaneous collection of total particulate matter on a glass
fibre filter pad fitted in a smoke trap. If used, the consistency of the laboratory smoking process and
subsequent analytical procedures are controlled by using monitor test pieces specified in ISO 16055.
The smoking regime/protocol is maintained as specified in ISO 4387 except for the puff frequency
which is changed to two puffs per minute and only two bidis are smoked per smoke trap to avoid
overload of the filter pad. This puff frequency is necessary as bidis extinguish if not puffed frequently.
The mass of total particulate matter so collected on each trap is determined gravimetrically. The total
particulate matter is extracted from the trap for the determination of the water and nicotine contents
by gas chromatography.
In laboratories that are not in a position to use gas chromatographic methods, reference should be made
to ISO 3400 for the determination of total nicotine alkaloids in smoke condensates by spectrometric
method, and the determination of water in smoke condensate should be performed by the method
described in ISO 10362-2. In such cases, values obtained for nicotine and water in smoke condensate
may be used with the addition o
...