ISO 19018:2020
(Main)Ships and marine technology — Terms, abbreviations, graphical symbols and concepts on navigation
Ships and marine technology — Terms, abbreviations, graphical symbols and concepts on navigation
This document provides terms, abbreviations and graphical symbols for use in maritime navigation on board ships. Symbols for use in mathematical formulae are also given, as applicable.
Navires et technologie maritime — Termes, abréviations, symboles graphiques et concepts relatifs à la navigation
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19018
Second edition
2020-08
Ships and marine technology —
Terms, abbreviations, graphical
symbols and concepts on navigation
Navires et technologie maritime — Termes, abréviations, symboles
graphiques et concepts relatifs à la navigation
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
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ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Special units in maritime navigation . 1
5 Reference directions. 2
5.1 North directions . 2
5.2 Dead ahead direction . 2
6 Course, heading, track, speed . 2
6.1 Course, heading . 2
6.2 Track . 4
6.3 Speed . 4
7 Bearings . 4
8 Corrections . 5
9 Influence of wind and current . 6
9.1 Wind . 6
9.2 Leeway and drift triangle . 6
10 Geographical coordinates, positions and lines, and graphical symbols .8
10.1 Geographical coordinates . 8
10.2 Positions and lines . 9
10.3 Graphical symbols .10
11 Waypoint navigation .10
12 Terms of time .11
12.1 Universal terms of time .11
12.2 Terms concerning time for navigation use .12
13 Astronomical navigation .13
13.1 Celestial coordinates, points, lines and angles on the celestial sphere .13
13.2 Great and small circles .13
13.3 Altitudes and angular distances on the celestial sphere .14
13.4 Sight reduction .15
13.5 Symbols of celestial bodies and sextant altitudes .16
14 Depth of water and tides .16
15 Terrestrial magnetism .18
16 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) .19
16.1 Dilution of precision .19
Bibliography .20
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
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www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology,
Subcommittee SC 6, Navigation and ship operations.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 19018:2004), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Clause 2: updated referenced documents: ISO 31 deleted (its current revision, ISO 80000-3:2019,
does no longer mention the nautical mile, knot, degree and minute), and changed from IEC 60872
and IEC 60936 to related original IMO resolutions;
— added Clause 3, “Terms and definitions”, and subsequent clauses renumbered;
— items 4.1.1 to 4.1.3: referenced document changed from “ISO 31-1 and/or Chart INT 1” to “Chart INT”
only, as applicable;
— items 6.1 and 6.1.1: abbreviation of “course” changed from “CSE” to “CRS”, and the second sentence
of the explanation of 6.1 deleted (harmonized with that in radar navigation; IEC 62288 and/or
IEC 62388);
— items 6.1.1 to 6.1.15 and 7.1 to 7.5: updated “Definition, remarks” based on IMO Resolution MSC. 192
(79) (harmonized with abbreviation and definition in IEC 62288 and/or IEC 62388);
— items 6.1.1, 6.1.2 and 6.1.4: added 6.1.1 “course”, 6.1.2 “heading” and 6.1.4 “course to steer"
(harmonized with abbreviation and definition in IEC 62288 and/or IEC 62388);
— items 7.1 to 7.5: changed the "Definition, remarks", based on IMO Resolution MSC, 192[79];
— deleted former Clause 15, “Radar navigation”, and former Clause 16, “LORAN-C”; and former
Clause 17 renumbered as new Clause 16;
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
— new Clause 16 (former Clause 17): title changed from “Global Positioning System (GPS)” to “Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)”;
— Bibliography: added “[4] IEC 62288:2014”, “[5] IEC 62388:2013”, "[6] IMO Resolution MSC. 191(79)"
and "[7] IMO Resolution MSC. 192(79)".
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19018:2020(E)
Ships and marine technology — Terms, abbreviations,
graphical symbols and concepts on navigation
1 Scope
This document provides terms, abbreviations and graphical symbols for use in maritime navigation on
board ships. Symbols for use in mathematical formulae are also given, as applicable.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
Terms, abbreviation and symbols used in navigation are given in Clauses 4 to 16. Abbreviations can
prove useful, but they should not be used in mathematical formulae.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
navigation
process of finding the position of a craft or vehicle, and of planning, recording and controlling its
movement from one place to another
4 Special units in maritime navigation
Item International
Name of the unit Definition, conversion factors and remarks
No. symbol
4.1 Unit of length
4.1.1 nautical mile NM 1 NM = 1 852 m.
in charts: The nautical mile is not an SI-unit. This definition
a
M was adopted by the First International
Hydrographic Conference in 1929.
4.1.2 cable, cable length cbl One-tenth of a nautical mile. The cable is not an
SI unit.
a
Symbol M is to be used in Charts according to the “Chart Specifications of the IHO” which came into force at the XIIth
International Hydrographic Conference 1982 in Monaco.
Item International
Name of the unit Definition, conversion factors and remarks
No. symbol
4.2 Unit of velocity and speed
4.2.1 knot, knots kn
NM
11kn==0,/514 444ms
h
(see Chart INT 1).
Velocity is a vector quantity, whereas speed is
a scalar having magnitude only.
The knot is not an SI unit.
4.3 Unit of angle
4.3.1 degree °
π
1°= rad
4.3.2 minute '
1°
1'=
In maritime navigation, angles should be specified
in degrees, minutes and decimals of minutes
(example: write 17° 40,25' not 17° 40' 15").
Degrees and minutes are not SI units.
a
Symbol M is to be used in Charts according to the “Chart Specifications of the IHO” which came into force at
...
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