ISO/PRF 16483
(Main)Sustainable mobility and transportation — Digital governance — Indicators
Sustainable mobility and transportation — Digital governance — Indicators
This international standard applies to the Digital Governance part of the mobility system of a city engaged in sustainability. It aims at achieving sustainability goals of the local community. It targets Urban Mobility and its connections with intercity and other long-distance transport solutions. It applies to mobility of people and goods. This document defines and establishes methodologies for developing a set of indicators to steer and measure the performance of sustainable mobility offers. It follows the principles set out in ISO 37101 and should be used in conjunction with ISO 16481. This document is applicable to any city, municipality or local authority that undertakes to measure its performance in a comparable and verifiable manner, irrespective of size and location. It aims at helping Mobility policy planners to measure the performance of the mobility systems.
Mobilité et transports durables — Gouvernance numérique — Indicateurs
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 16483
First edition
Sustainable mobility and
transportation — Digital
governance — Indicators
Mobilité et transports durables — Gouvernance numérique —
Indicateurs
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 16483:2025(en) © ISO 2025
ISO 16483:2025(en)
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
ii
ISO 16483:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Terms related to organizations .1
3.2 Terms related to project management .3
3.3 Terms related to the mobility system .4
3.4 General definitions.5
4 Identification of relevant indicators . . 6
4.1 Principles .6
4.2 Indicators measuring sustainability of mobility.6
4.3 Indicators measuring the implementation of mobility projects .7
4.4 Indicators measuring the performance of solutions .7
4.5 Dashboard of indicators .7
Annex A (informative) Examples of sustainable mobility purposes measurements . 8
Annex B (informative) Examples of indicators measuring the implementation of mobility
projects .25
Annex C (informative) Examples of indicators measuring conformity of requirements clusters .28
Bibliography .30
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
iii
ISO 16483:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 2, Sustainable mobility and transportation.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
iv
ISO 16483:2025(en)
Introduction
This document aims at providing a framework to produce relevant indicators supporting any sustainable
mobility project.
It supports mobility stakeholders and especially transport authorities in the emergence, the realization and
the management of contributive solutions to the objectives of sustainability depicted in ISO 37101.
This document is part of a set of standards including ISO 16481, which aims to build a vision about the
functional and environmental needs on systems composing the mobility system, and a forthcoming
document intended to deal with mobility data framework.
This document provides guidance to develop indicators that are:
— consistent with the steps specified in ISO 16481 and ISO 37101;
— differentiated according to status, objective, impact and means;
— adaptable to sustainable mobility plans and their specific needs;
— measuring performance of mobility services.
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
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International Standard ISO 16483:2025(en)
Sustainable mobility and transportation — Digital
governance — Indicators
1 Scope
This document defines and establishes methodologies for developing a set of indicators to steer and measure
the performance of sustainable mobility offers.
This document applies to the digital governance part of the mobility system of a city engaged in sustainability.
It aims at achieving sustainability goals of the local community.
This document targets urban mobility and its connections with intercity and other long-distance transport
solutions. It applies to mobility of people and goods.
This document follows the principles set out in ISO 37101 and ISO 16481. This document is applicable to
any city, municipality or local authority that undertakes to measure its performance in a comparable and
verifiable manner, irrespective of size and location. It aims at helping mobility policy planners to measure
the performance of the mobility systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16481:2025, Sustainable mobility and transportation — Digital governance — Strategic needs regarding
ISO 37101 purposes of sustainability
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms related to organizations
3.1.1
city
urban community (3.1.2) falling under a specific administrative boundary
Note 1 to entry: A city is sometimes referred to as a municipality or a local government.
Note 2 to entry: Cities can help to alleviate increasing pressure on the environment and natural resources caused by
global urbanization through the development of holistic and integrated policies (3.1.6).
[SOURCE: ISO 37120:2018, 3.1, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been added.]
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ISO 16483:2025(en)
3.1.2
community
group of people with an arrangement of responsibilities, activities and relationships
Note 1 to entry: In many, but not all, contexts, a community has defined geographical boundaries.
Note 2 to entry: A city (3.1.1) is a type of community.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 37151:2024, 3.1, modified — Notes 1 to entry "In the context of this document" has been
replaced with "In many, but not all, contexts".]
3.1.3
interested party
stakeholder
person or organization (3.1.4) that can affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision or
activity
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.2.5]
3.1.4
organization
person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to
achieve its objectives (3.2.6)
Note 1 to entry: The concept of organization includes, but is not limited to sole-trader, company, corporation, firm,
enterprise, authority, partnership, charity or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not,
public or private.
Note 2 to entry: In this document, the concept of organization refers to an entity/institution inside the community
(3.1.2) that is tasked with implementing the management system (3.2.2), e.g. the local government. The community
identifies an organization that it entrusts with the implementation of this document.
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.2.3]
3.1.5
top management
person or group of people who directs and controls an organization (3.1.4) at the highest level
Note 1 to entry: Top management has the power to delegate authority and to provide resources within the organization.
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.3.2]
3.1.6
policy
intentions and direction of an organization (3.1.4), as formally expressed by its top management (3.1.5)
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.3.9]
3.1.7
resilience
adaptive capacity of an organization (3.1.4) in a complex and changing environment
Note 1 to entry: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines resilience as “the ability of a system
and its component parts to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a
timely and efficient manner, including through ensuring the preservation, restoration, or improvement of its essential
basic structures and functions”.
Note 2 to entry: Resilience is the ability of an organization to resist being affected by an event or the ability to return
to an acceptable level of performance (3.2.7) in an acceptable period of time after being affected by an event.
Note 3 to entry: Resilience is the capability of a system to maintain its functions and structure in the face of internal
and external change and to degrade gracefully when this is necessary.
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ISO 16483:2025(en)
3.2 Terms related to project management
3.2.1
indicator
quantitative, qualitative or descriptive measure
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2019, 3.18]
3.2.2
management system
set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization (3.1.4) to establish policies (3.1.6) and objectives
(3.2.6) and processes (3.2.8) to achieve those objectives
Note 1 to entry: A management system can address a single discipline or several disciplines.
Note 2 to entry: The system elements include the organization’s structure, roles and responsibilities, planning and
operation.
Note 3 to entry: The scope of a management system may include the whole organization, specific and identified
functions of the organization, specific and identified sections of the organization, or one or more functions across a
group of organizations.
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.3.1]
3.2.3
measurement
process (3.2.8) to determine a value
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.4.7]
3.2.4
metric
defined measurement (3.2.3) method and measurement scale
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 37150:2014, 3.5, modified]
3.2.5
monitoring
continuous or repeated checking, supervising, critically observing, measuring or determining the status of a
system to identify variance from an expected performance level or baseline, intended to control the system
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 23565:2021, 3.12]
3.2.6
objective
result to be achieved
Note 1 to entry: An objective can be strategic, tactical, or operational.
Note 2 to entry: Objectives can relate to different disciplines (such as financial, health and safety, and environmental
goals) and can apply at different levels [such as strategic, organization-wide, project, product and process (3.2.8)].
Note 3 to entry: An objective can be expressed in other ways, e.g. as an intended outcome, a purpose, an operational
criterion, as an objective of sustainable development (3.4.2) in communities (3.1.2), or by the use of other words with
similar meaning (e.g. aim, goal, or target).
Note 4 to entry: In the context of management systems (3.2.2) for sustainable development in communities, objectives
for sustainable development in communities are set by the organization (3.1.4), consistent with the policy (3.1.6) for
sustainable development in communities, to achieve specific results.
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.3.7]
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ISO 16483:2025(en)
3.2.7
performance
measurable result
Note 1 to entry: Performance can relate either to quantitative or qualitative findings.
Note 2 to entry: Performance can relate to the management of activities, processes (3.2.8), products (including
strategies, programmes, projects, plans and services), systems or organizations (3.1.4).
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.4.10]
3.2.8
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.3.10]
3.2.9
requirement
need or expectation that is stated, generally implied or obligatory
Note 1 to entry: “Generally implied” means that it is custom or common practice for the organization (3.1.4) and
interested parties (3.1.3) that the need or expectation under consideration is implied.
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.4.11]
3.2.10
risk
effect of uncertainty on objectives (3.2.6)
Note 1 to entry: An effect is a deviation from the expected — positive or negative.
Note 2 to entry: Uncertainty is the state, even partial, of deficiency of information related to, understanding or
knowledge of, an event, its consequence, or likelihood.
Note 3 to entry: Risk is often characterized by reference to potential “events” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.5.1.3)
and “consequence” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.6.1.3), or a combination of these.
Note 4 to entry: Risk is often expressed in terms of a combination of the consequences of an event (including changes
in circumstances) and the associated “likelihood” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.6.1.1) of occurrence.
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.4.12]
3.3 Terms related to the mobility system
3.3.1
governance of mobility
manages, implements and/or monitors policies, requirements, legislation or guidelines of mobility. It
manages the implementation, the execution and the control of mobility policies.
3.3.2
digital governance
defines the computerized systems that implement in the daily real time operations the mobility strategies
serving the sustainability of the territory and its sustainable mobility
3.3.3
supervision
monitoring and control system of a transport mean
EXAMPLE Metro line, bus line, main road.
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ISO 16483:2025(en)
3.3.4
data management
functions that provide access to data, performs or monitors the storage of data, and controls input-output
operations all within a data processing system
Note 1 to entry: It consists of giving meaning to data, valorising it, transforming raw material into a refined raw
material, ready to be exploited. The data management activity designates all the methods, tools, concepts and processes
that allow us to master the three "V's": volume, variety and velocity, in order to create a unique reference system.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20944-1:2013, 3.6.6.2, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.3.5
cluster of requirements
abstraction level of a set of requirements that have the same purpose
3.3.6
MaaS
Mobility as a Service
digital platform providing capacity to plan, book and pay for various transportation means
Note 1 to entry: This service manages the appropriate booking, ticketing and reservation, and guidance that best fit
with the requirements and criteria of travellers.
Note 2 to entry: According to the level of service offered and subscribed, advanced MaaS also assists the travellers
during their trip, proving assistance in case of unplanned events.
3.3.7
transport authority
public or publicly owned organisation with legal responsibility to plan, deploy, operate and regulate public
transport services in a specified geographic area
Note 1 to entry: It is also named Organising Authority for Mobility (OAM) in some countries.
3.4 General definitions
3.4.1
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a product (or service) system, from raw material acquisition or
generation from natural resources to final disposal
Note 1 to entry: The life cycle stages include acquisition of raw materials, design, production, transportation/delivery,
use, end-of-life treatment and final disposal.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.3.3]
3.4.2
sustainable development
development that meets the environmental, social and economic needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Note 1 to entry: Derived from the Brundtland Report.
Note 2 to entry: The Aalborg Charter provides further information on sustainable development (3.4.2) in communities
(3.1.2).
[SOURCE: ISO Guide 82:2019, modified — Note 2 to entry has been added.]
3.4.3
vulnerable person
person with difficulties to move, protect themselves and handle emergencies
EXAMPLE People living with disabilities, children, pregnant women, the elderly.
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ISO 16483:2025(en)
4 Identification of relevant indicators
4.1 Principles
This document is not a static specification of indicators, this is a framework to produce the relevant
indicators, aligned with the application of ISO 16481, and therefore should be used in conjunction with
ISO 16481. The indicators are identified from sustainable mobility analyses as well as from the creation and
implementation of mobility projects.
Indicators are time stamped measurements; they are the key elements to:
— discover or objectify or understand a situation;
— measure evolution over time;
— measure implementation of plans or projects.
Three families of indicators should be implemented to feed the sustainable mobility dashboard:
— A first one that characterizes the sustainability of the mobility in the concerned territory, see 4.2.
— A second one that measures the implementation of the mobility project that is intended to make a
breakthrough in sustainability, see 4.3.
— A third one that rates the performance of solutions that will be developed or improved to realize the
ambitions in sustainable mobility, see 4.4.
Initial status, targeted value and progress over time should be measured for each indicator.
4.2 Indicators measuring sustainability of mobility
The indicators shall provide a measurement of the purposes of sustainable mobility according to:
— attractiveness;
— preservation and improvement of environment;
— resilience;
— responsible resource use;
— social cohesion;
— well-being.
Indicators shall be identified in front of sectorial needs as described in ISO 16481:2025, 4.2.3.4: An, Bn, Cn,
Dn, En, Fn (generic analysis of sustainability purposes). Each community shall measure the needs subject
to new objectives setting and identify the relevant sectorial needs to monitor, being exposed to side effects.
Each community can potentially expand the list of sectorial needs as an outcome of the application of
ISO 16481 guidance.
Each purpose shall be rated in terms of:
— initial performance;
— objectives set;
— monitoring of the changes over time.
Annex A provides examples of such indicators measuring sustainability of mobility.
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ISO 16483:2025(en)
4.3 Indicators measuring the implementation of mobility projects
Once a mobility project definition is finalized, the associated plan defines the targeted actions to serve
selected sustainability purposes and dependencies with community issues according to ISO 16481:2025,
Clause 4.
The aim is to be able to correlate the fulfilment of needs with the implementation of the mobility project.
Each action of the mobility project plan shall be augmented with indicators to:
— Measure the initial state of each item of the mobility project plan. This can lead, for some items, to simply
trace already identified indicators in 4.2.
— Rate the targeted objectives.
— Measure the accomplishment over time.
— Identify indicators in front of transformation plans actions and expected results to correlate changes
over time.
Annex B provides examples of such indicators measuring the implementation of mobility projects.
4.4 Indicators measuring the performance of solutions
This set of indicators rates the performance of requirements clusters to measure efficiency of solutions.
Requirement clusters are the solutions to fulfil high level sustainability needs as described in
ISO 16481:2025, 5.1.
The aim is to be able to correlate the fulfilment of needs and the implementation of the mobility project with
the performance of the solutions that are defined through requirement clusters.
Each requirements cluster shall be reviewed to measure gaps with the intended specification.
Gaps analysis will follow to determine the root cause to take corrective actions.
Annex C provides examples of such indicators measuring the conformance of requirements clusters.
4.5 Dashboard of indicators
The dashboard of indicators shall provide the synthesis of the three set of indicators defined in 4.2, 4.3 and
4.4, augmented with the visualization of gaps:
— sustainability of mobility: gap analysis of anticipated effect over time;
— implementation of mobility projects: gap analysis of project execution;
— performance of solutions: gap analysis of requirement cluster performance over time.
Transversal correlation of gaps shall be done to determine root causes and determine potential corrective
actions.
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ISO 16483:2025(en)
Annex A
(informative)
Examples of sustainable mobility purposes measurements
A.1 Attractiveness purpose
The aim is to analyse how the mobility system can valorise the attractiveness of an urban zone or a territory.
Table A.1 shows the high-level needs on the mobility system to fulfil the needs stemming from the
“attractiveness” purpose defined in ISO 37101:2016, 4.5.
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ISO 16483:2025(en)
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Table A.1 — Sustainable mobility measurements examples regarding the attractiveness purpose
Sectorial Indicators examples Initial performance Objective set examples Indicators measurement
specification examples examples
(high level needs) Action domains (sustainable mobility issues)
Average headway of 15 min at peak hours 10 min at peak hours Service frequency
Sufficient services frequency public transport
Execution rate of the 95 % of public services 99 % of public services done Monitoring services done
Reliability public transport plan done
Total yearly cost of XX M€ Same cost Cost reporting
Cost public transport
Modernization of Outdated trams Line 3 Renew trams Line 3 Renewal execution dates
Appealing mobility offer (modern, green, comfortable) transport systems
Public transport 63 % 87 % Territory coverage at walking
Dense networking of the territory by public or shared availability over the distance
transport territory
A1
Max. gap with travel 20 min slippage 10 min slippage Travel time
Transport
Predictive and performant travel time planners
performance
Transport services on Average delay: 8 min, Average delay: 4 min, peak 8 min Time table match
Compliance with schedules time peak: 14 min
Critical transport Origin/destination to Origin/destination reduced by 10 Average origin/destination
Heterogeneous or saturated mobility flows bottle necks activity park average min elapsed time
elapsed time
Performance of good No contracts Five contracts in place and con- Number of contracts and con-
Conformity with the contract of goods carriage carriage as part of formity check formity
mobility system
Origin/destination 15 min standard devi- 5 min standard deviation for XX Average standard deviation for
travel time constancy ation for XX district district XX district
Relevance of transport connections with distance
ISO 16483:2025(en)
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Table A.1 (continued)
Sectorial Indicators examples Initial performance Objective set examples Indicators measurement
specification examples examples
(high level needs) Action domains (sustainable mobility issues)
Left impedimenta ca- Existing safekeeping Extra safekeeping equipment in Safekeeping capacity in YYY
pacity in multimodal equipment in YYY multimodal node YYY
Left impedimenta during modal shifts nodes
Car park capability Central station car Extended by 600 parking lots Effective capacity
Existence of car parks near stations park
Intermodal capabil- No green mobility Bike station created Effective intermodal services
ities offers at XXXX
Intermodally Tram line 2 extended to XXXX
Commuting capabil- No interconnection Interconnection between X and Y Effective interconnection
A2
Interconnexion ities between X and Y
Multimodal system
Bus commercial speed Average bus line speed Average bus line speed 10 km/h Effective commercial speed
capabilities
Commercial speed 7 km/h
Public transport con- Origin/destination % coverage improvement Effective coverage
tribution to Origin/ coverage of public
Adapted to travellers’ routes destination transport
Parcel delivery method at the informed choice of the Parcel delivery capa- Services in place Targeted new services situation Effective services
recipient bilities
Mobility flows meas- Saturated flows status New flow targets Effective flow measurements
Mobility flows are homogeneous and not saturated urements
ISO 16483:2025(en)
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Table A.1 (continued)
Sectorial Indicators examples Initial performance Objective set examples Indicators measurement
specification examples examples
(high level needs) Action domains (sustainable mobility issues)
Continuous access to Information available Information available to mobility Effective access to information
On-line information mobility information in web page XXXX app
Real time passenger Partial All public transport real time Effective real time information
Trip real time information if not predictive information
Real time goods distri- None Published for services X and Y Effective real time information
Real-time information on goods distribution methods bution information
Performance of road No predictive travel Predictive travel time available Effective assistance
travel time assistance time on ring road 100 % on ring road
Driver's assistance North
A3
Personalized informa- No alert setting Automatic alert capability on Effective capability
Travelers information
Prior digital reservation tion capabilities possible services XXXX
and assistance
Real time information No real time trig- Real time triggering in place with Effective assistance
on public transport geri
...
ISO/DISPRF 16483:2025(en)
ISO/TC 268/SC 2/WG 1
Secretariat: JISC
Date: 2025-07-2911-24
Sustainable Mobilitymobility and Transportationtransportation —
Digital Governancegovernance — Indicators
Mobilité et transports durables — Gouvernance numérique — Indicateurs
PROOF
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO #### 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/DISPRF 16483:2025(en)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Terms related to organizations . 1
3.2 Terms related to project management . 3
3.3 Terms related to the mobility system . 5
3.4 General definitions . 5
4 Identification of relevant indicators . 6
4.1 Principles . 6
4.2 Indicators measuring sustainability of mobility . 6
4.3 Indicators measuring the implementation of mobility projects . 7
4.4 Indicators measuring the performance of solutions . 7
4.5 Dashboard of indicators . 8
Annex A (informative) Examples of sustainable mobility purposes measurements . 9
Annex B (informative) Examples of indicators measuring the implementation of mobility
projects . 29
Annex C (informative) Examples of indicators measuring conformity of requirements clusters 32
Bibliography . 35
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Field Code Changed
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 2, Sustainable mobility and transportation.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO #### 2025 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/DISPRF 16483:2025(en)
Introduction
This document aims at providing a framework to produce relevant indicators supporting any sustainable
mobility project.
It supports mobility stakeholders and especially transport authorities in the emergence, the realization and
the management of contributive solutions to the objectives of sustainability depicted in ISO 37101.
This document is the second itempart of an intendeda set composed of the following 3 items:
— standards including ISO 16481, which aims to build a vision about the functional and
environmental needs on systems composing the mobility system;, and a forthcoming document intended to
deal with mobility data framework.
— — ISO 16483 (this document), to identify and standardize the metrics that will allow to quantify the
evolution of the sustainable mobility system;
— — and a forthcoming document dealing with mobility data framework.
This document provides guidance to develop indicators that are:
— — Consistentconsistent with the steps specified in ISO 16481 and ISO 37101;
— — Differentiateddifferentiated according to status, objective, impact, and means;
— — Adaptableadaptable to sustainable mobility plans and their specific needs;
— — Measuringmeasuring performance of mobility services.
v
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 16483:2025(en)
Sustainable mobility system -and transportation — Digital
Governance –governance — Indicators
1 Scope
This document defines and establishes methodologies for developing a set of indicators to steer and measure
the performance of sustainable mobility offers.
This document applies to the digital governance part of the mobility system of a city engaged in sustainability.
It aims at achieving sustainability goals of the local community.
ItThis document targets urban mobility and its connections with intercity and other long-distance transport
solutions. It applies to mobility of people and goods.
ItThis document follows the principles set out in ISO 37101 and ISO 16481. This document is applicable to
any city, municipality or local authority that undertakes to measure its performance in a comparable and
verifiable manner, irrespective of size and location. It aims at helping mobility policy planners to measure the
performance of the mobility systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16481-:2025, Sustainable mobility and Transportation –transportation — Digital Governance –governance
— Strategic needs regarding ISO 37101 purposes of sustainability
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 Terms related to organizations
3.1.1 3.1.1
city
urban community (3.1.2(3.1.2)) falling under a specific administrative boundary
Note 1 to entry: A city is sometimes referred to as a municipality or a local government.
Note 2 to entry: Cities can help to alleviate increasing pressure on the environment and natural resources caused by
global urbanization through the development of holistic and integrated policies (3.1.6(3.1.6).).
[SOURCE: ISO 37120:2018, 3.1, modified adding notes— Notes 1 &and 2 to entry have been added.]
3.1.2 3.1.2
community
group of people with an arrangement of responsibilities, activities and relationships
Note 1 to entry: In many, but not all, contexts, a community has a defined geographical boundaryboundaries.
Note 2 to entry: A city (3.1.1(3.1.1)) is a type of community.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 37151:20152024, 3.1, modified adding notes— Notes 1 & 2 to entry.] "In the context of this
document" has been replaced with "In many, but not all, contexts".]
3.1.3 3.1.3
interested party
stakeholder
person or organization (3.1.4(3.1.4)) that can affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a
decision or activity
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.2.5]
3.1.4 3.1.4
organization
person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to
achieve its objectives (3.2.6(3.2.6))
Note 1 to entry: The concept of organization includes, but is not limited to sole-trader, company, corporation, firm,
enterprise, authority, partnership, charity or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not,
public or private.
Note 2 to entry: In this document, the concept of organization refers to an entity/institution inside the community
(3.1.2(3.1.2)) that is tasked with implementing the management system (3.2.2(3.2.2),), e.g. the local government. The
community identifies an organization that it entrusts with the implementation of this document.
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.2.3]
3.1.5 3.1.5
top management
person or group of people who directs and controls an organization (3.1.4(3.1.4)) at the highest level
Note 1 to entry: Top management has the power to delegate authority and to provide resources within the organization.
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.3.2]
3.1.6 3.1.6
policy
intentions and direction of an organization (3.1.4(3.1.4),), as formally expressed by its top management
(3.1.5(3.1.5))
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.3.9]
3.1.7 3.1.7
resilience
adaptive capacity of an organization (3.1.4(3.1.4)) in a complex and changing environment
Note 1 to entry: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines resilience as “the ability of a system and
its component parts to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and
efficient manner, including through ensuring the preservation, restoration, or improvement of its essential basic
structures and functions”.
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ISO/DISPRF 16483:2025(en)
Note 2 to entry: Resilience is the ability of an organization to resist being affected by an event or the ability to return to
an acceptable level of performance (3.2.7(3.2.7)) in an acceptable period of time after being affected by an event.
Note 3 to entry: Resilience is the capability of a system to maintain its functions and structure in the face of internal and
external change and to degrade gracefully when this is necessary.
[SOURCE: ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.8.1.7, modified adding notes 1, 2 and 3.]
3.2 Terms related to project management
3.2.1 3.2.1
indicator
quantitative, qualitative or descriptive measure
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2019, 3.18]
3.2.2 3.2.2
management system
set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization (3.1.4(3.1.4)) to establish policies (3.1.6(3.1.6))
and objectives (3.2.6(3.2.6)) and processes (3.2.8(3.2.8)) to achieve those objectives
Note 1 to entry: A management system can address a single discipline or several disciplines.
Note 2 to entry: The system elements include the organization’s structure, roles and responsibilities, planning and
operation.
Note 3 to entry: The scope of a management system may include the whole organization, specific and identified functions
of the organization, specific and identified sections of the organization, or one or more functions across a group of
organizations.
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.3.1]
3.2.3 3.2.3
measurement
process (3.2.8(3.2.8)) to determine a value
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.4.7]
3.2.4 3.2.4
metric
defined measurement (3.2.3(3.2.3)) method and measurement scale
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 37150:2014, 3.5, modified]
3.2.5 3.2.5
monitoring
continuous or repeated checking, supervising, critically observing, measuring or determining the status of a
system to identify variance from an expected performance level or baseline, intended to control the system
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 23565:2021, 3.12]
3.2.6 3.2.6
objective
result to be achieved
Note 1 to entry: An objective can be strategic, tactical, or operational.
Note 2 to entry: Objectives can relate to different disciplines (such as financial, health and safety, and environmental
goals) and can apply at different levels [such as strategic, organization-wide, project, product and process (3.2.8(3.2.8)].)].
Note 3 to entry: An objective can be expressed in other ways, e.g. as an intended outcome, a purpose, an operational
criterion, as an objective of sustainable development (3.4.2(3.4.2)) in communities (3.1.2(3.1.2),), or by the use of other
words with similar meaning (e.g. aim, goal, or target).
Note 4 to entry: In the context of management systems (3.2.2(3.2.2)) for sustainable development in communities,
objectives for sustainable development in communities are set by the organization (3.1.4(3.1.4),), consistent with the
policy (3.1.6(3.30)) for sustainable development in communities, to achieve specific results.
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.3.7]
3.2.7 3.2.7
performance
measurable result
Note 1 to entry: Performance can relate either to quantitative or qualitative findings.
Note 2 to entry: Performance can relate to the management of activities, processes (3.2.8(3.2.8),), products (including
strategies, programmes, projects, plans and services), systems or organizations (3.1.4(3.1.4).).
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.4.10]
3.2.8 3.2.8
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.3.10]
3.2.9 3.2.9
requirement
need or expectation that is stated, generally implied or obligatory
Note 1 to entry: “Generally implied” means that it is custom or common practice for the organization (3.1.4(3.1.4)) and
interested parties (3.1.3(3.1.3)) that the need or expectation under consideration is implied.
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.4.11]
3.2.10 3.2.10
risk
effect of uncertainty on objectives (3.2.6(3.2.6))
Note 1 to entry: An effect is a deviation from the expected — positive or negative.
Note 2 to entry: Uncertainty is the state, even partial, of deficiency of information related to, understanding or knowledge
of, an event, its consequence, or likelihood.
Note 3 to entry: Risk is often characterized by reference to potential “events” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.5.1.3)
and “consequence” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.6.1.3), or a combination of these.
Note 4 to entry: Risk is often expressed in terms of a combination of the consequences of an event (including changes in
circumstances) and the associated “likelihood” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.6.1.1) of occurrence.
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.4.12]
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ISO/DISPRF 16483:2025(en)
3.3 Terms related to the mobility system
3.3.1 3.3.1
governance of mobility
manages, implements and/or monitors policies, requirements, legislation or guidelines of mobility. It manages
the implementation, the execution and the control of mobility policies.
3.3.2 3.3.2
digital governance
defines the computerized systems that implement in the daily real time operations the mobility strategies
serving the sustainability of the territory and its sustainable mobility
3.3.3 3.3.3
supervision
monitoring and control system of a transport mean
Examples: metroEXAMPLE Metro line, bus line, main road.
3.3.4 3.3.4
data management
functions that provide access to data, performs or monitors the storage of data, and controls input-output
operations all within a data processing system
Note 1: to entry: It consists of giving meaning to data, valorising it, transforming raw material into a refined raw material,
ready to be exploited. The data management activity designates all the methods, tools, concepts and processes that allow
us to master the three "V's": volume, variety and velocity, in order to create a unique reference system.
[SourceSOURCE: ISO/IEC 20944-1:2013, 3.6.6.2 –, modified adding note— Note 1 to entry] has been added.]
3.3.5 3.3.5
cluster of requirements
abstraction level of a set of requirements that have the same purpose
3.3.6 3.3.6
MaaS
(Mobility as a Service)
digital platform providing capacity to plan, book and pay for various transportation means
Note 1: to entry: This service will managemanages the appropriate booking, ticketing/ and reservation, and guidance
that best fit with the requirements and criteria of travellers.
Note 2: to entry: According to the level of service offered and subscribed, advanced MaaS will also assistassists the
travellers during their trip, proving assistance in case of unplanned events.
3.3.7 3.3.7
transport authority
public or publicly owned organisation with legal responsibility to plan, deploy, operate and regulate public
transport services in a specified geographic area
Note 1: to entry: It is also named Organising Authority for Mobility (OAM) in some countries.
3.4 General definitions
3.4.1 3.4.1
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a product (or service) system, from raw material acquisition or
generation from natural resources to final disposal
Note 1 to entry: The life cycle stages include acquisition of raw materials, design, production, transportation/delivery,
use, end-of-life treatment and final disposal.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.3.3]
3.4.2 3.4.2
sustainable development
development that meets the environmental, social and economic needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Note 1 to entry: Derived from the Brundtland Report[22].
Note 2 to entry: The Aalborg Charter[23] provides further information on sustainable development (3.4.2(3.4.2)) in
communities (3.1.2(3.1.2).).
[SOURCE: ISO Guide 82:2019, modified — Note 2 to entry has been added.]
3.4.3 3.4.3
vulnerable person
person with difficulties to move, protect themselves and handle emergencies
Examples: peopleEXAMPLE People living with disabilities, children, pregnant women, the elderly.
4 Identification of relevant indicators
4.1 Principles
This document is not a static specification of indicators, this is a framework to produce the relevant indicators,
aligned with the application of ISO 16481, and therefore should be used in conjunction with ISO 16481. The
indicators are identified from sustainable mobility analyses as well as from the creation and implementation
of mobility projects.
Indicators are time stamped measurements; they will beare the key elements to:
— — Discover/discover or objectify /or understand a situation;
— — Measuremeasure evolution over time;
— — Measuremeasure implementation of plans /or projects.
3Three families of indicators should be implemented to feed the sustainable mobility dashboard:
— — A first one that characterizes the sustainability of the mobility in the concerned territory, see 4.2: 4.2.
— — A second one that measures the implementation of the mobility project that is intended to make a
breakthrough in sustainability, see 4.3: 4.3.
— — A third one that rates the performance of solutions that will be developed/ or improved to realize the
ambitions in sustainable mobility, see 4.4: 4.4.
Initial status, targeted value and progress over time should be measured for each indicator.
4.2 Indicators measuring sustainability of mobility
The indicators shall provide a measurement of the purposes of sustainable mobility according to:
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ISO/DISPRF 16483:2025(en)
— — Attractiveness
— — Preservationattractiveness;
— preservation and improvement of environment;
— — Resilience
— — Responsibleresilience;
— responsible resource use;
— — Socialsocial cohesion;
— — Wellwell-being.
Indicators shall be identified in front of sectorial needs as described in ISO 16481:2025, 4.2.2.13.4: An, Bn, Cn,
Dn, En, Fn (Genericgeneric analysis of sustainability purposes). Each community will have toshall measure the
needs subject to new objectives setting and identify the relevant sectorial needs to monitor, being exposed to
side effects. Each Communitycommunity can potentially expand the list of sectorial needs as an outcome of
the application of ISO 16481 guidance.
Each purpose shall be rated in terms of:
— — initial performance,;
— — objectives set,;
— — monitoring of the changes over time.
Annex AAnnex A provides examples of such indicators measuring sustainability of mobility.
4.3 Indicators measuring the implementation of mobility projects
Once a mobility project definition is finalized, the associated plan defines the targeted actions to serve selected
sustainability purposes and dependencies with community issues according to ISO 16481:2025, Clause 4.
The aim is to be able to correlate the fulfilment of needs with the implementation of the mobility project.
Thus, eachEach action of the mobility project plan shall be augmented with indicators to:
— — Measure the initial state of each item of the mobility project plan. This can lead, for some items, to
simply trace already identified indicators in 4.24.2.
— — Rate the targeted objectives.
— — Measure the accomplishment over time.
— — Identify indicators in front of transformation plans actions and expected results to correlate changes
over time.
Annex BAnnex B provides examples of such indicators measuring the implementation of mobility projects.
4.4 Indicators measuring the performance of solutions
This set of indicators rates the performance of requirements clusters to measure efficiency of solutions.
Requirement clusters are the solutions to fulfil high level sustainability needs. This is as described in
ISO16481ISO 16481:2025 5. The requirement cluster table is defined in the, 5.1.
— The aim is to be able to correlate the fulfilment of needs and the implementation of the mobility
project with the performance of the solutions that are defined through requirement clusters.
Each requirements clusterscluster shall be reviewed to measure gaps with the intended specification.
Gaps analysis will follow to determine the root cause to take corrective actions.
Annex CAnnex C provides examples of such indicators measuring the conformance of requirements clusters.
4.5 Dashboard of indicators
The dashboard of indicators shall provide the synthesis of the 3three set of indicators defined in 4.2, 4.3 and
4.44.2, 4.3, 4.4,, augmented with the visualization of gaps:
— — Sustainabilitysustainability of mobility: gap analysis of anticipated effect over time;
— — Implementationimplementation of mobility projects: gap analysis of project execution;
— — Performance performance of solutions: gap analysis of requirement cluster performance over time.
Transversal correlation of gaps shall be done to determine root causes and determine potential corrective
actions.
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ISO/DISPRF 16483:2025(en)
Annex A
(informative)
Examples of sustainable mobility purposes measurements
A.1 Attractiveness purpose
ThisThe aim is about analysingto analyse how the mobility system can valorise the attractiveness of an urban
zone or a territory.
Table A.1Table A.1 below traces shows the high-level needs on the mobility system to fulfil the needs
stemming from the “attractiveness” purpose defined in ISO 37101:2016, 4.5 purpose “Attractiveness”.
Table A.1 — Sustainable mobility measurements examples regarding Attractivenessthe attractiveness purpose
Sectorial Indicators Initial Objective Setset examples Indicators measurement
specification examples performance examples
(high level examples
needs) Action domains (sustainable mobility issues)
Average headway of 15’15 min at peak 10’10 min at peak hours Service frequency
sufficientSufficient services frequency public transport hours
Execution rate of the 95 % of public services 99 % of public services done Monitoring services done
Reliability public transport plan done
Total yearly cost of XX M€ Same cost Cost reporting
Cost public transport
Modernization of Outdated trams Line 3 Renew trams Line 3 Renewal execution dates
Appealing mobility offer (modern, green, comfortable) transport systems
Public transport 63 % 87 % Territory coverage @at walking
Dense networking of the territory by public or shared availability over the distance
transport territory
A1
Max. gap with travel 20’slippage20 min 10’10 min slippage Travel time
Transport
Predictive and performant Traveltravel time planners slippage
performance
Transport services on Average delay: 8 min, AvAverage delay: 4 min, peak 8 min Time table match
complianceCompliance with schedules time peak: 14 min
Critical transport bottle O/DOrigin/destination O/DOrigin/destination reduced by Average O/Dorigin/destination
Heterogeneous or saturated mobility flows necks to activity park average 10’10 min elapsed time
elapsed time
Performance of good 5Five contracts in place and NbNumber of contracts and
No contracts
ComplianceConformity with the contract of goods carriage carriage as part of complianceconformity check Complianceconformity
mobility system
O/DOrigin/destination 15’15 min standard 5’5 min standard deviation for XX Average standard deviation for XX
travel time constancy deviation for XX district district district
Relevance of transport connections with distance
Left impedimenta Existing safekeeping extraExtra safekeeping equipment in Safekeeping Capacitycapacity in
capacity in multimodal equipment in YYY Multimodalmultimodal node YYY YYY
A2
Left impedimenta during modal shifts nodes
Multimodal system
capabilities
Car park capability Central station car Extended by 600 parking lots Effective capacity
existenceExistence of car parks near stations Parkpark
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ISO/DISPRF 16483:2025(en)
Sectorial Indicators Initial Objective Setset examples Indicators measurement
specification examples performance examples
(high level examples
needs) Action domains (sustainable mobility issues)
Intermodal capabilities No green mobility Bike station created Effective intermodal services
offers at XXXX
Intermodally Tram line 2 extended to XXXX
Commuting capabilities No interconnection Interconnection between X and Y Effective interconnection
Interconnexion between X and Y
Bus commercial speed Average bus line speed Average bus line speed 10 km/h Effective commercial speed
commercialCommercial speed 7 km/h
Public transport O/D % coverage improvement Effective coverage
contribution to CoverageOrigin/destin
O/DOrigin/destination ation coverage of public
Adapted to travellers’ routes transport
Parcel delivery Services in place Targeted new services situation Effective services
Parcel delivery method at the informed choice of the recipient
capabilities
Mobility flows Saturated flows status New Flowflow targets Effective flow measurements
Mobility flows are homogeneous and not saturated measurements
Continuous access to Information available Information available to mobility app Effective access to information
On-line information mobility information in web page XXXX
Real time passenger partialPartial All public transport real time Effective real time information
tripTrip real time information if not predictive information
Real time goods noneNone Published for services X and Y Effective RTreal time information
distribution
realReal-time information on goods distribution methods information
A3
Travelers information
Performance of road No predictive travel Predictive travel time available Effective assistance
and assistance
driver'sDriver's assistance travel time assistance time on ring road North 100 % on Ringring road
Personalized No alert setting Automatic alert capability on Effective capability
information possible services XXXX
Prior digital reservation capabilities
RTReal time No RTreal time RTReal time triggering in place with Effective assistance
information on public triggering for public rerouting advices
Information in jammed traffic situation transport perturbation transport
Sectorial Indicators Initial Objective Setset examples Indicators measurement
specification examples performance examples
(high level examples
needs) Action domains (sustainable mobility issues)
RTReal time No RTreal time RTReal time triggering in place for Effective assistance
information on road triggering for jammed
roads X, Y, Z,.
Awareness of current disturbed road flows perturbation road flows
Travelers can get travel assistance in case of perturbation, Personalized traveller No assistance available Predictive re-routing assistance Effective assistance
with information assistance adapted to vulnerable persons assistance in case of for public transport integrated in router X
pertu
...
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