ISO/IEC 9995-11
(Main)Information technology — Keyboard layouts for office systems — Part 11: Functionality and labelling of dead keys
Information technology — Keyboard layouts for office systems — Part 11: Functionality and labelling of dead keys
Technologies de l'information — Dispositions de claviers bureautiques — Partie 11: Fonctionnalité et identification des touches mortes
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Standards Content (Sample)
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/IEC
FDIS
9995-11
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 35
Information technology —
Secretariat: AFNOR
Keyboard layouts for office
Voting begins on:
systems —
2025-10-03
Part 11:
Voting terminates on:
2025-11-28
Functionality and labelling of dead
keys
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
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MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/IEC FDIS 999511:2025(en) © ISO/IEC 2025
FINAL DRAFT
ISO/IEC FDIS 9995-11:2025(en)
International
Standard
ISO/IEC
FDIS
9995-11
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 35
Information technology —
Secretariat: AFNOR
Keyboard layouts for office
Voting begins on:
systems —
Part 11:
Voting terminates on:
Functionality and labelling of
dead keys
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO/IEC 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/IEC FDIS 999511:2025(en) © ISO/IEC 2025
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/IEC FDIS 9995-11:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Functionality of dead keys, and relation to "combining characters" as defined in ISO/
IEC 10646 . 2
4.1 General .2
4.2 Recommended handling of dead keys in environments using ISO/IEC 10646 .2
4.3 Alternative handling of dead keys in environments using ISO/IEC 10646 .3
4.4 Combinations of dead keys with the Space character .3
4.5 Combination of a dead key with itself .5
4.6 Combinations of dead keys with digits and mathematical characters .5
4.7 Combinations of dead keys with other characters, yielding peculiar characters .6
5 Labelling diacritical marks on keytops . 7
5.1 General .7
5.2 Labelling diacritical marks used as dead keys .8
5.3 Labelling diacritical marks not used as dead keys .8
Bibliography . 9
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/IEC FDIS 9995-11:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/
IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the
use of (a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any
claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had not
received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers
are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 35, User interfaces.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 9995-11:2015), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— new subclause 4.3 “Alternative handling of dead keys in environments using ISO/IEC 10646”;
— new subclause 4.5 “Combination of a dead key with itself”, providing a way to enter combining characters
directly in an ISO/IEC 10646 environment;
— new subclause 4.6 “Combinations of dead keys with digits and mathematical characters”, providing a
way to enter superscript and subscript digits and mathematical characters;
— dropping some “peculiar character” combinations in Table 3 which conflict with the mechanism specified
in the new subclause 4.5.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 9995 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iv
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/IEC FDIS 9995-11:2025(en)
Information technology — Keyboard layouts for office
systems —
Part 11:
Functionality and labelling of dead keys
1 Scope
This document defines the functionality of dead keys and repertoires of characters entered by dead keys
within the general scope described in ISO/IEC 9995-1.
This document is primarily intended for word-processing and text-processing applications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 9995-1, Information technology — Keyboard layouts for text and office systems — Part 1: General
principles governing keyboard layouts
ISO/IEC 9995-7, Information technology — Keyboard layouts for text and office systems — Part 7: Graphical
symbols used to represent functions
ISO/IEC 9995-10, Information technology — Keyboard layouts for text and office systems — Part 10:
Conventional symbols and methods to represent graphic characters not uniquely recognizable by their glyph on
keyboards and in documentation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 9995-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
dead key
key which, when it is actuated (according to the currently active group and level), changes the outcome of
the following actuated key
Note 1 to entry: When a key does not act as a dead key with all possible group/level combinations of a specific keyboard
layout, it is called "acting as a dead key" under the precondition that a group/level combination is active where it acts
according to the definition of a "dead key" given here.
Note 2 to entry: The name "dead key" originates in the naming of comparable keys present on mechanical typewriters,
which did not cause a horizontal advancement of the carriage as the keys used for typing ordinary letters did.
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC FDIS 9995-11:2025(en)
3.2
peculiar character
graphic character listed in ISO/IEC 10646, which can be entered as a sequence of a combining character (as
defined in that document) and another character, regardless of the existence of a canonical composition of
these characters (according to Unicode normalization form C)
4 Functionality of dead keys, and relation to "combining characters" as defined in
ISO/IEC 10646
4.1 General
The actuation of a dead key selects a graphic character, which, by the fact that the active position is not
changed, shares its position with the graphic character entered subsequently. The outcome usually resembles
an overlay of the graphic character entered by the dead key and the one entered by the subsequent keys. By
entering sequences of dead keys, the result may be an overlay of more than two graphic characters.
NOTE This implies that dead keys usually are associated with diacritical marks, to produce an accented character
by entering the basic letter subsequently.
In subclauses 4.5 to 4.7, this document identifies characters which represent such results where a physical
overlay is not appropriate, by enumerating single characters or special combinations of characters by
identifying these by their code points given in ISO/IEC 10646, for such dead keys which are associated with
"combining characters" as defined in that document.
4.2 Recommended handling of dead keys in environments using ISO/IEC 10646
NOTE A characteristic of ISO/IEC 10646, unlike e.g. ISO/IEC 6937, is that combining characters are inserted into
the text stream after the basic character to which they apply, thus reverting the input sequence given by dead keys.
In environments using ISO/IEC 10646, the function of dead keys should be as outlined by the following
algorithm:
Step 1. If a combining character is entered by a dead key, it is buffered by the keyboard functional unit (i.e.
the responsible combination of hardware/ firmware/driver software).
Step 2. If a character is entered while the keyboard functional unit is buffering characters, proceed as
follows:
Step 2.1 If a “backspace” is entered while the keyboard functional unit is buffering characters and if this
“backspace” does not cancel the selection of a group or a level, the buffered character sequence is dropped,
and the buffering stops.
Step 2.2 Otherwise, if the combination of the last character previously buffered and the newly entered
character is enumerated in Tables 1, 2 or 3 of this document, or any additional table contained in the
definition of the keyboard layout, the last buffered character is replaced by the result character from the list.
Step 2.3: Otherwise, the newly entered character is appended to the sequence of buffered characters.
Step 3: If the last character in the buffered sequence is no longer a combining character, proceed as follows:
Step 3.1: The last character in the buffered character sequence is moved to the beginning of this sequence.
Step 3.2: The Unicode normalization form C (canonical composition) is applied to the buffered sequence.
Step 3.3: The resulting character sequence is output, and the buffering stops.
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC FDIS 9995-11:2025(en)
4.3 Alternative handling of dead keys in environments using ISO/IEC 10646
In environments using ISO/IEC 10646, where the keyboard driver model does not allow the implementation
of the handling outlined in Clause 4.2, the following handling should be implemented:
— Whenever a sequence of a combining character followed by a letter is input for which a precomposed
character is defined in ISO/IEC 10646, this character should be output.
— Whenever a sequence of two combining characters followed by a letter is input for which a precomposed
character is defined in ISO/IEC 10646, this character should be output.
NOTE 1 This allows the input of characters with two diacritical marks, which e.g. are common in the Vietnamese
language.
— Whenever a sequence of a combining character followed by a letter is input for which there is no
precomposed character defined in ISO/IEC 10646, and if the sequence does not apply to subclauses 4.5
to 4.7, and if a spacing clone for the combining character is listed in Table 1, this spacing clone followed by
the entered letter should be output. If there is no spacing clone defined, or if the keyboard driver cannot
use the spacing clone this way due to technical limitations, a similar character may be used.
NOTE 2 This in fact allows the keyboard driver to associate the dead key with the spacing clone (or the similar
character) internally in first line, yielding the combining character itself only when the dead key is typed twice in
accordance with sublause 4.5.
4.4 Combinations of dead keys with the Space character
In environments using ISO/IEC 10646, dead keys followed by a space result in the entering of a spacing clone
of the combining character associated with the dead key, if such one is defined in ISO/IEC 10646.
However, if an “alternative resulting character” is specified in the 3rd column of Table 1, and if this
“alternative resulting character” is not associated to any key directly in the keyboard layout definition, this
“alternative resulting character” shall be used rather than the spacing clone specified in the second column
of Table 1.
For combining characters where is no such spacing clone, the definition of a keyboard layout may list specific
characters which are to be used instead.
Whenever a dead key is entered followed by a space where neither ISO/IEC 10646 specifies a spacing clone,
nor the definition of the keyboard layout lists a specific character, the result is a space followed by the
combining character, according to subclause 4.2.
The following Table 1 li
...
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FDIS DRAFT
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 35
Draft Date: 2025-08-16
ISO/IEC FDIS 9995-11:2025(en)
ISO/IEC TC JTC 1/SC 35/WG 1
Secretariat: AFNOR
Date:
Information technology — Keyboard layouts for office systems —
Part 11:
Functionality and labelling of dead keys
Technologies de l'information — Disposition de claviers bureautiques — Partie 11: Fonctionnalité et étiquetage
des touches mortes
FDIS stage
ISO/IEC FDIS 9995-11:2025(en)
© ISO/IEC 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO'sISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO Copyright Officecopyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Email: E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/IEC FDIS 9995-11:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Functionality of dead keys, and relation to "combining characters" as defined in
ISO/IEC 10646 . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Recommended handling of dead keys in environments using ISO/IEC 10646 . 2
4.3 Alternative handling of dead keys in environments using ISO/IEC 10646 . 3
4.4 Combinations of dead keys with the Space character . 3
4.5 Combination of a dead key with itself . 5
4.6 Combinations of dead keys with digits and mathematical characters . 5
4.7 Combinations of dead keys with other characters, yielding peculiar characters . 6
5 Labelling diacritical marks on keytops . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Labelling diacritical marks used as dead keys . 8
5.3 Labelling diacritical marks not used as dead keys . 9
Bibliography . 10
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/IEC FDIS 9995-11:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members
of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC
Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of
(a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC [had/had not]
received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers
are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 35, User interfaces.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 9995-11:2015), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— — new subclause 4.3subclause 4.3 “Alternative handling of dead keys in environments using ISO/IEC
10646”;
— — new subclause 4.5subclause 4.5 “Combination of a dead key with itself”, providing a way to enter
combining characters directly in an ISO/IEC 10646 environment;
— — new subclause 4.6subclause 4.6 “Combinations of dead keys with digits and mathematical characters”,
providing a way to enter superscript and subscript digits and mathematical characters;
— — dropping some “peculiar character” combinations in Table 3table 3 which would conflict with the
mechanism specified in the new subclause 4.5subclause 4.5.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 9995 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-
committees.
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/IEC FDIS 9995-11:2025(en)
Information technology — Keyboard layouts for office systems —
Part 11:
Functionality and labelling of dead keys
1 Scope
Within the general scope described in ISO/IEC 9995-1, thisThis document defines the functionality of dead
keys and repertoires of characters entered by dead keys within the general scope described in ISO/IEC 9995-
1.
ItThis document is primarily intended for word-processing and text-processing applications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 9995--1, Information technology — Keyboard layouts for text and office systems — Part 1: General
principles governing keyboard layouts
ISO/IEC 9995--7, Information technology — Keyboard layouts for text and office systems — Part 7: Graphical
symbols used to represent functions
ISO/IEC 9995--10, Information technology — Keyboard layouts for text and office systems — Part 10:
Conventional symbols and methods to represent graphic characters not uniquely recognizable by their glyph on
keyboards and in documentation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 9995--1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 3.1
dead key
key which, when it is actuated (according to the currently active group and level), changes the outcome of the
following actuated key
Note 1 to entry: When a key does not act as a dead key with all possible group/level combinations of a specific keyboard
layout, it is called "acting as a dead key" under the precondition that a group/level combination is active where it acts
according to the definition of a "dead key" given here.
Note 2 to entry: The name "dead key" originates in the naming of comparable keys present on mechanical typewriters,
which did not cause a horizontal advancement of the carriage as the keys used for typing ordinary letters did.
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC FDIS 9995-11:2025(en)
3.2 3.2
peculiar character
graphic character listed in ISO/IEC 10646, which can be entered as a sequence of a combining character (as
defined in that document) and another character, regardless of the existence of a canonical composition of
these characters (according to Unicode normalization form C)
4 Functionality of dead keys, and relation to "combining characters" as defined in
ISO/IEC 10646
4.1 General
The actuation of a dead key selects a graphic character, which, by the fact that the active position is not
changed, shares its position with the graphic character entered subsequently. The outcome usually resembles
an overlay of the graphic character entered by the dead key and the one entered by the subsequent keys. By
entering sequences of dead keys, the result may be an overlay of more than two graphic characters.
NOTE This implies that dead keys usually are associated with diacritical marks, to produce an accented character
by entering the basic letter subsequently.
In subclauses 4.5clauses 4.5 to 4.74.7,, this document identifies characters which represent such results where
a physical overlay is not appropriate, by enumerating single characters or special combinations of characters
by identifying these by their code points given in ISO/IEC 10646, for such dead keys which are associated with
"combining characters" as defined in that document.
4.2 Recommended handling of dead keys in environments using ISO/IEC 10646
NOTE A characteristic of ISO/IEC 10646, unlike e.g. ISO/IEC 6937, is that combining characters are inserted into the
text stream after the basic character to which they apply, thus reverting the input sequence given by dead keys.
In environments using ISO/IEC 10646, the function of dead keys should be as outlined by the following
algorithm:
Step 1. If a combining character is entered by a dead key, it is buffered by the keyboard functional unit (i.e. the
responsible combination of hardware/ firmware/driver software).
Step 2. If a character is entered while the keyboard functional unit is buffering characters, proceed as follows:
Step 2.1 If a “backspace” is entered while the keyboard functional unit is buffering characters and if this
“backspace” does not cancel the selection of a group or a level, the buffered character sequence is dropped,
and the buffering stops.
Step 2.2 Otherwise, if the combination of the last character previously buffered and the newly entered
character is enumerated in Tables 1Tables 1, 2, 2 or 33 of this document, or any additional table contained in
the definition of the keyboard layout, the last buffered character is replaced by the result character from the
list.
Step 2.3: Otherwise, the newly entered character is appended to the sequence of buffered characters.
Step 3: If the last character in the buffered sequence is no longer a combining character, proceed as follows:
Step 3.1: The last character in the buffered character sequence is moved to the beginning of this sequence.
Step 3.2: The Unicode normalization form C (canonical composition) is applied to the buffered sequence.
Step 3.3: The resulting character sequence is output, and the buffering stops.
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC FDIS 9995-11:2025(en)
4.3 Alternative handling of dead keys in environments using ISO/IEC 10646
In environments using ISO/IEC 10646, where the keyboard driver model does not allow the implementation
of the handling outlined in Clause 4.2Clause 4.2,, the following handling should be implemented:
— — Whenever a sequence of a combining character followed by a letter is input for which a precomposed
character is defined in ISO/IEC 10646, this character should be output.
— — Whenever a sequence of two combining characters followed by a letter is input for which a
precomposed character is defined in ISO/IEC 10646, this character should be output.
NOTE 1 This allows the input of characters with two diacritical marks, which e.g. are common in the Vietnamese
language.
— — Whenever a sequence of a combining character followed by a letter is input for which there is no
precomposed character defined in ISO/IEC 10646, and if the sequence does not apply to
subclauses 4.5clauses 4.5 to 4.74.7,, and if a spacing clone for the combining character is listed in
Table 1Table 1,, this spacing clone followed by the entered letter should be output. If there is no spacing
clone defined, or if the keyboard driver cannot use the spacing clone this way due to technical limitations,
a similar character may be used.
NOTE 2 This in fact allows the keyboard driver to associate the dead key with the spacing clone (or the similar
character) internally in first line, yielding the combining character itself only when the dead key is typed twice in
accordance with sublause 4.5Clause 4.5.
4.4 Combinations of dead keys with the Space character
In environments using ISO/IEC 10646, dead keys followed by a space result in the entering of a spacing clone
of the combining character associated with the dead key, if such one is defined in ISO/IEC 10646.
However, if an “alternative resulting character” is specified in the 3rd column of Table 1Table 1,, and if this
“alternative resulting character” is not associated to any key directly in the keyboard layout definition, this
“alternative resulting character” shall be used rather than the spacing clone specified in the second column of
Table 1Table 1.
For combining characters where is no such spacing clone, the definition of a keyboard layout may list specific
characters which are to be used instead.
Whenever a dead key is entered followed by a space where neither ISO/IEC 10646 specifies a spacing clone,
nor the definition of the keyboard layout lists a specific character, the result is a space followed by the
combining character, according to subclause 4.2Clause 4.2.
The following Table 1Table 1 lists all combining characters contained in the character collection MLS
(Multilingual Latin Subset) as specified in ISO/IEC 10646, together with the according spacing clones or
similar characters if applicable.
Table 1 — Diacritical marks in MLS
Name of the combining character Name of spacing clone (resulting Name of the alternative
character when applied to Space) resulting character
U+0300 combining grave accent U+02CB modifier letter grave accent U+0060 grave accent
U+0301 combining acute accent U+02CA modifier letter acute accent U+00B4 acute accent
U+0302 combining circumflex accent U+02C6 modifier letter circumflex accent U+005E circumflex accent
U+0303 combining tilde U+02DC small tilde U+007E tilde
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC FDIS 9995-11:2025(en)
Name of the combining character Name of spacing clone (resulting Name of the alternative
character when applied to Space) resulting character
U+0304 combining macron U+02C9 modifier letter macron U+00AF macron
U+0306 combining breve U+0
...
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