ISO 24631-3:2025
(Main)Radiofrequency identification of animals — Part 3: Evaluation of performance of RFID transponders conforming with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785
Radiofrequency identification of animals — Part 3: Evaluation of performance of RFID transponders conforming with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785
This document provides the means of evaluating the performance of ISO 11784- and ISO 11785-conformant radiofrequency identification (RFID) transponders used in the individual identification of animals. It defines procedures of measuring technical parameters characterizing the performance of transponders. In Annex B an explanation is given how to interpret these parameters and how to link them to infield requirements.
Identification des animaux par radiofréquence — Partie 3: Évaluation de la performance des transpondeurs RFID conformes à l'ISO 11784 et à l'ISO 11785
ISO 24631-3:2017 fournit les moyens d'évaluer la performance des transpondeurs d'identification par radiofréquence (RFID) conformes à l'ISO 11784 et à l'ISO 11785 utilisés pour l'identification individuelle des animaux. Les modes opératoires d'essai spécifiés dans le présent document sont reconnus par la Fédération européenne des associations vétérinaires pour les animaux de compagnie (FECAVA) et par l'Association mondiale vétérinaire pour les petits animaux (WSAVA), et peuvent donc s'appliquer également aux animaux de compagnie.
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Buy Standard
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International
Standard
ISO 24631-3
Third edition
Radiofrequency identification of
2025-07
animals —
Part 3:
Evaluation of performance of RFID
transponders conforming with ISO
11784 and ISO 11785
Identification des animaux par radiofréquence —
Partie 3: Évaluation de la performance des transpondeurs RFID
conformes à l'ISO 11784 et à l'ISO 11785
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Conformance . 3
5 Abbreviated terms . 3
6 Application . 4
7 Test procedures . 4
7.1 General .4
7.2 Helmholtz configuration .5
7.2.1 Transponder parameter test set-up .5
7.2.2 Field strength calculation .5
7.2.3 Helmholtz transmitting antenna (HTA) coils .5
7.2.4 Helmholtz sensing coils (HSC) and sensing coils (SC) .5
7.2.5 Positioning HSC and SC in relation to HTA .8
7.2.6 Matching network (MN) .8
7.2.7 Matching network (MN) .9
7.2.8 Compensation network (CN) .10
7.3 Test apparatus.10
7.4 Test setups for measuring the modulation amplitude .11
7.4.1 FDX-B transponders .11
7.4.2 HDX transponders . 12
7.5 Test conditions . 12
7.6 Tests . 12
7.6.1 General . 12
7.6.2 Transponder orientation . 12
7.6.3 Constant magnetic field nulling . 13
7.6.4 Minimal activating magnetic field strength in FDX-B mode .14
7.6.5 Minimal activating magnetic field strength in HDX mode .14
7.6.6 Modulation amplitude in FDX-B mode . 15
7.6.7 Modulation amplitude in HDX mode .17
7.6.8 Bit length stability in FDX-B mode .19
7.6.9 Frequency stability in HDX mode . 22
Annex A (informative) Test application form (ISO 24631-3) .25
Annex B (informative) How to link the in ISO 24631-3 defined technical parameters to in field
applications .26
Bibliography .27
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry, Subcommittee SC 19, Agricultural electronics.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 24631-3:2017), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the former Annex B has been removed because the current source presented does not function;
— a new Annex B has been added to discuss the interpretation of the technical parameters.
A list of all parts in the ISO 24631 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
ISO has appointed a registration authority (RA) competent to register manufacturer codes used in the
radiofrequency identification (RFID) of animals in accordance with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785.
The registration authority for ISO 11784 and ISO 11785 can found under https://www.iso.org/iso/home/
standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees/maintenance_agencies.htm.
This document deals with the performance of RFID transponders, of which the main types used for animal
identification are
— injectable transponders,
— electronic ear tag transponders,
— electronic ruminal bolus transponders,
— leg tag transponders, and
— tag attachments.
This document permits the characterization of the two RFID communication paths: the energy transfer from
transceiver to transponder and the data transfer from transponder to transceiver. This characterization can
be obtained from the results of two measurements: the first determining the minimal activating magnetic
field strength needed for transmitting the information and the second the transponder modulation
amplitude. Both measurements use a reference measurement antenna configuration under conditions
allowing the absolute values to be obtained for comparison of data between the tested transponders.
Additional measurements that contribute to the performance assessment of the transponders are
the bit length stability in the case of FDX-B transponders and the frequency stability in the case of HDX
transponders. These parameters can be measured using the same measurement antenna configuration.
The test procedures specified in this document are recognized by the Federation of European Companion
Animals Veterinary Association (FECAVA) and World Small Animal Veterinarian Association (WSAVA) and,
as such, can be applied also to companion animals.
v
International Standard ISO 24631-3:2025(en)
Radiofrequency identification of animals —
Part 3:
Evaluation of performance of RFID transponders conforming
with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785
1 Scope
This document provides the means of evaluating the performance of ISO 11784- and ISO 11785-conformant
radiofrequency identification (RFID) transponders used in the individual identification of animals. It defines
procedures of measuring technical parameters characterizing the performance of transponders.
In Annex B an explanation is given how to interpret these parameters and how to link them to infield
requirements.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11784, Radio frequency identification of animals — Code structure
ISO 11785, Radio frequency identification of animals — Technical concept
ISO 24631-1, Radiofrequency identification of animals — Part 1: Evaluation of conformance of RFID transponders
with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785 (including granting and use of a manufacturer code)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, th
...
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 24631-3
ISO/TC 23/SC 19
Radiofrequency identification of
Secretariat: DIN
animals —
Voting begins on:
2025-05-13
Part 3:
Evaluation of performance of RFID
Voting terminates on:
2025-07-08
transponders conforming with ISO
11784 and ISO 11785
Identification des animaux par radiofréquence —
Partie 3: Évaluation de la performance des transpondeurs RFID
conformes à l'ISO 11784 et à l'ISO 11785
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/FDIS 24631-3:2025(en) © ISO 2025
FINAL DRAFT
ISO/FDIS 24631-3:2025(en)
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 24631-3
ISO/TC 23/SC 19
Radiofrequency identification of
Secretariat: DIN
animals —
Voting begins on:
Part 3:
Evaluation of performance of RFID
Voting terminates on:
transponders conforming with ISO
11784 and ISO 11785
Identification des animaux par radiofréquence —
Partie 3: Évaluation de la performance des transpondeurs RFID
conformes à l'ISO 11784 et à l'ISO 11785
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/FDIS 24631-3:2025(en) © ISO 2025
ii
ISO/FDIS 24631-3:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Conformance . 3
5 Abbreviated terms . 3
6 Application . 4
7 Test procedures . 4
7.1 General .4
7.2 Helmholtz configuration .5
7.2.1 Transponder parameter test set-up .5
7.2.2 Field strength calculation .5
7.2.3 Helmholtz transmitting antenna (HTA) coils .5
7.2.4 Helmholtz sensing coils (HSC) and sensing coils (SC) .5
7.2.5 Positioning HSC and SC in relation to HTA .8
7.2.6 Matching network (MN) .8
7.2.7 Matching network (MN) .9
7.2.8 Compensation network (CN) .10
7.3 Test apparatus.10
7.4 Test setups for measuring the modulation amplitude .11
7.4.1 FDX-B transponders .11
7.4.2 HDX transponders . 12
7.5 Test conditions . 12
7.6 Tests . 12
7.6.1 General . 12
7.6.2 Transponder orientation . 12
7.6.3 Constant magnetic field nulling . 13
7.6.4 Minimal activating magnetic field strength in FDX-B mode .14
7.6.5 Minimal activating magnetic field strength in HDX mode .14
7.6.6 Modulation amplitude in FDX-B mode . 15
7.6.7 Modulation amplitude in HDX mode .17
7.6.8 Bit length stability in FDX-B mode .19
7.6.9 Frequency stability in HDX mode . 22
Annex A (informative) Test application form (ISO 24631-3) .26
Annex B (informative) How to link the in ISO 24631-3 defined technical parameters to in field
applications .27
Bibliography .28
iii
ISO/FDIS 24631-3:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry, Subcommittee SC 19, Agricultural electronics.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 24631-3:2017), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the former Annex B has been removed because the current source presented does not function;
— a new Annex B has been added to discuss the interpretation of the technical parameters.
A list of all parts in the ISO 24631 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/FDIS 24631-3:2025(en)
Introduction
ISO has appointed a registration authority (RA) competent to register manufacturer codes used in the
radiofrequency identification (RFID) of animals in accordance with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785.
The registration authority for ISO 11784 and ISO 11785 can found under https://www.iso.org/iso/home/
standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees/maintenance_agencies.htm.
This document deals with the performance of RFID transponders, of which the main types used for animal
identification are
— injectable transponders,
— electronic ear tag transponders,
— electronic ruminal bolus transponders,
— leg tag transponders, and
— tag attachments.
This document permits the characterization of the two RFID communication paths: the energy transfer from
transceiver to transponder and the data transfer from transponder to transceiver. This characterization can
be obtained from the results of two measurements: the first determining the minimal activating magnetic
field strength needed for transmitting the information and the second the transponder modulation
amplitude. Both measurements use a reference measurement antenna configuration under conditions
allowing the absolute values to be obtained for comparison of data between the tested transponders.
Additional measurements that contribute to the performance assessment of the transponders are
the bit length stability in the case of FDX-B transponders and the frequency stability in the case of HDX
transponders. These parameters can be measured using the same measurement antenna configuration.
The test procedures specified in this document are recognized by the Federation of European Companion
Animals Veterinary Association (FEC
...
ISO/DISFDIS 24631-3:2024(en)
ISO/TC 23/SC 19
Secretariat: DIN
Date: 2024-12-122025-04-29
Radiofrequency identification of animals — —
Part 3:
Evaluation of performance of RFID transponders conforming with
ISO 11784 and ISO 11785
Identification des animaux par radiofréquence —
Partie 3: Évaluation de la performance des transpondeurs RFID conformes à l'ISO 11784 et à l'ISO 11785
FDIS stage
ISO/FDIS 24631-3:2025(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/DISFDIS 24631-3:20242025(en)
Contents
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Conformance . 3
5 Abbreviated terms . 3
6 Application . 4
7 Test procedures . 5
Annex A (informative) Test application form (ISO 24631-3) . 33
Annex B (informative) How to link the in ISO 24631-3 defined technical parameters to in field
applications . 34
Bibliography . 35
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions (mandatory) . 1
4 Conformance . 3
5 Abbreviated terms . 4
6 Application . 4
7 Test procedures . 5
7.1 General . 5
7.2 Helmholtz configuration . 5
7.2.1 Transponder parameter test set-up . 5
7.2.2 Field strength calculation . 5
7.2.3 Helmholtz transmitting antenna (HTA) coils . 6
7.2.4 Helmholtz sensing coils (HSC) and sensing coils (SC) . 6
7.2.5 Positioning HSC and SC in relation to HTA . 8
7.2.6 Matching network (MN) . 8
7.2.7 Matching network (MN) . 9
7.2.8 Compensation network (CN) . 9
7.3 Test apparatus . 10
7.3.1 Magnetic field modulation (FDX-B only). . 11
7.4 Test setups for measuring the modulation amplitude . 11
7.4.1 FDX-B transponders . 11
7.4.2 HDX transponders . 11
7.5 Test conditions . 12
7.6 Tests . 12
7.6.1 General . 12
7.6.2 Transponder orientation . 12
iii
ISO/FDIS 24631-3:2025(en)
7.6.3 Constant magnetic field nulling . 13
7.6.4 Minimal activating magnetic field strength in FDX-B mode . 14
7.6.5 Minimal activating magnetic field strength in HDX mode . 14
7.6.6 Modulation amplitude in FDX-B mode . 15
7.6.7 Modulation amplitude in HDX mode . 17
7.6.8 Bit length stability in FDX-B mode . 18
7.6.9 Frequency stability in HDX mode. 21
Annex A (informative) Test application form (ISO 24631-3) . 26
Annex B (informative) How to link the in ISO 24631-3 defined technical parameters to in field
applications . 27
Bibliography . 28
iv
ISO/DISFDIS 24631-3:20242025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents.www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry, Subcommittee SC 19, Agricultural electronics.
This third edition cancels and replaces the firstsecond edition (ISO 24631-3:2017), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— — the former Annex B has been removed because the current source presented does not function;
— — a new Annex Ba new Annex B has been added to discuss the interpretation of the technical parameters.
A list of all parts in the ISO 24631 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
v
ISO/FDIS 24631-3:2025(en)
Introduction
ISO has appointed a registration authority (RA) competent to register manufacturer codes used in the
radiofrequency identification (RFID) of animals in accordance with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785.
The registration authority for ISO 11784 and ISO 11785 can found under
https://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees/maintenance_age
ncies.htm.
This document deals with the performance of RFID transponders, of which the main types used for animal
identification are
— — injectable transponders,
— — electronic ear tag transponders,
— — electronic ruminal bolus transponders,
— — leg tag transponders, and
— — tag attachments.
This document permits the characterization of the two RFID communication paths: the energy transfer from
transceiver to transponder and the data transfer from transponder to transceiver. This characterization can
be obtained from the results of two measurements: the first determining the minimal activating magnetic field
strength needed for transmitting the information and the second the transponder modulation amplitude. Both
measurements use a reference measurement antenna configuration under conditions allowing the absolute
values to be obtained for comparison of data between the tested transponders. Additional measurements that
contribute to the performance assessment of the transponders are the bit length stability in the case of FDX-B
transponders and the frequency stability in the case of HDX transponders. These parameters can be measured
using the same measurement antenna configuration.
The test procedures specified in this document are recognized by the Federation of European Companion
Animals Veterinary Association (FECAVA) and World Small Animal Veterinarian Association (WSAVA) and, as
such, can be applied also to companion animals.
vi
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 24631-3:2024(en)
Radiofrequency identification of animals — —
Part 3 : :
Evaluation of performance of RFID transponders conforming with ISO
11784 and ISO 11785
1 Scope
This document provides the means of evaluating the performanc
...
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