ISO 6412-1:2017
(Main)Technical product documentation - Simplified representation of pipelines - Part 1: General rules and orthogonal representation
Technical product documentation - Simplified representation of pipelines - Part 1: General rules and orthogonal representation
ISO 6412-1:2017 specifies rules and conventions for the execution of simplified drawings for the representation of all kinds of pipes and pipelines made of all sorts of materials (rigid and flexible). ISO 6412-1:2017 is used whenever it is necessary to represent pipes or pipelines in a simplified manner. For the purposes of this document, the figures illustrate the text only and should not be considered as design examples. NOTE This document can also be used for the representation of similar installations, such as ventilation or air-conditioning systems; in such cases, the term "duct", etc. is substituted for the term "pipe".
Documentation technique de produits — Représentation simplifiée des tuyaux et lignes de tuyauteries — Partie 1: Règles générales et représentation orthogonale
ISO 6412-1:2017 spécifié les règles et conventions pour l'exécution des dessins simplifiés pour la représentation de tous les types de tuyaux et tuyauteries réalisés en divers matériaux (rigides ou flexibles). ISO 6412-1:2017 est utilisé à chaque fois qu'il est nécessaire de représenter des tuyaux ou tuyauteries de manière simplifiée. Pour les besoins du présent document, les figures illustrent seulement le texte et il convient de ne pas les considérer comme des exemples de conception. NOTE Le présent document peut aussi être utilisé pour la représentation d'installations similaires, tels que les systèmes de ventilation ou de climatisation; dans de tels cas, le terme «gaine» etc? est remplacé par le terme «tuyau».
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 06-Dec-2017
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 10/SC 10 - Process plant documentation
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 10/SC 10 - Process plant documentation
- Current Stage
- 9093 - International Standard confirmed
- Start Date
- 12-Jun-2023
- Completion Date
- 13-Dec-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 25-Feb-2017
Overview
ISO 6412-1:2017 - Technical product documentation - Simplified representation of pipelines - Part 1: General rules and orthogonal representation - defines rules and conventions for simplified pipe and pipeline drawings. It covers orthogonal (2D) projection methods used to represent rigid and flexible pipes, ducts (ventilation/air‑conditioning), fittings, supports and basic equipment in a consistent, legible way for technical documentation.
Key topics and requirements
- Flow lines: Pipes are represented by a single continuous thick flow line (central line); bends may be simplified (extended straight lines to vertices) or shown as arcs for clarity.
- Projection type: Focus is on orthogonal representation (right‑angle projectors). Isometric rules are covered in ISO 6412-2.
- Line types and usage: Specific line types and applications follow ISO 128‑20 conventions (main/secondary flow lines, leader and dimension lines, hidden features, centrelines).
- Spacing and thickness: Minimum spacing rules apply (e.g., space between parallel lines not less than twice the thickest line and at least 0.7 mm); minimum spacing between adjacent flow lines and other lines recommended at 10 mm.
- Lettering and symbols: Lettering should follow ISO 3098‑2; symbol presentation is coordinated with ISO 81714‑1.
- Dimensioning and tolerances: Dimensioning conforms to ISO 129‑1. Nominal pipe sizes may use the “DN” short designation (ISO 3545‑1); outer diameter and wall thickness references follow ISO 5261. Levels, slopes and bend radii/angles have prescribed depiction methods.
- Crossings and connections: Crossings without connection are normally shown without interrupting hidden flow lines; where required, hidden lines are interrupted with an interruption width not less than five times the continuous line thickness.
- Supplementary content: Examples and recommended practices (e.g., for slopes, coordinates of pipe ends, parts lists) are provided for clarity.
Practical applications
ISO 6412-1 is used whenever simplified, consistent pipe/pipeline representations are needed in:
- Piping and instrumentation diagrams, process plant documentation and layout drawings
- HVAC, ventilation and air‑conditioning schematic drawings (ducts substituted for pipes)
- Fabrication and installation drawings where simplified depiction speeds communication without full 3D modeling
- Technical manuals, equipment datasheets and parts lists where clarity of flow paths and connections matters
Who should use it
- Piping designers and engineers
- CAD technicians and draughtspersons producing piping schematics
- HVAC and process plant documentation specialists
- Technical authors, compliance officers and quality managers ensuring standardized drawings
Related standards
Relevant cross‑references include ISO 128 (presentation), ISO 129‑1 (dimensions), ISO 3098‑2 (lettering), ISO 3545‑1 (DN designation), ISO 5261 (profiles), ISO 5455 (scales), ISO 6412‑2 (isometric), ISO 14617 (graphical symbols) and ISO 81714‑1 (symbol design).
ISO 6412-1:2017 - Technical product documentation — Simplified representation of pipelines — Part 1: General rules and orthogonal representation Released:12/7/2017
ISO 6412-1:2017 - Documentation technique de produits — Représentation simplifiée des tuyaux et lignes de tuyauteries — Partie 1: Règles générales et représentation orthogonale Released:12/7/2017
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 6412-1:2017 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Technical product documentation - Simplified representation of pipelines - Part 1: General rules and orthogonal representation". This standard covers: ISO 6412-1:2017 specifies rules and conventions for the execution of simplified drawings for the representation of all kinds of pipes and pipelines made of all sorts of materials (rigid and flexible). ISO 6412-1:2017 is used whenever it is necessary to represent pipes or pipelines in a simplified manner. For the purposes of this document, the figures illustrate the text only and should not be considered as design examples. NOTE This document can also be used for the representation of similar installations, such as ventilation or air-conditioning systems; in such cases, the term "duct", etc. is substituted for the term "pipe".
ISO 6412-1:2017 specifies rules and conventions for the execution of simplified drawings for the representation of all kinds of pipes and pipelines made of all sorts of materials (rigid and flexible). ISO 6412-1:2017 is used whenever it is necessary to represent pipes or pipelines in a simplified manner. For the purposes of this document, the figures illustrate the text only and should not be considered as design examples. NOTE This document can also be used for the representation of similar installations, such as ventilation or air-conditioning systems; in such cases, the term "duct", etc. is substituted for the term "pipe".
ISO 6412-1:2017 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 01.100.99 - Other standards related to technical drawings; 23.040.01 - Pipeline components and pipelines in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 6412-1:2017 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 27105:2016, ISO 6412-1:1989. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase ISO 6412-1:2017 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6412-1
Second edition
2017-12
Technical product documentation —
Simplified representation of
pipelines —
Part 1:
General rules and orthogonal
representation
Documentation technique de produits — Représentation simplifiée
des tuyaux et lignes de tuyauteries —
Partie 1: Règles générales et représentation orthogonale
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 General principles . 2
4.1 Overview . 2
4.2 Representation of pipes . 2
4.3 Scale . 2
4.4 Lines . 2
4.4.1 Line thickness . 2
4.4.2 Types of line . 3
4.4.3 Spacing of lines . 3
4.5 Lettering . 3
4.6 Dimensioning . 4
4.7 Tolerances . 5
5 Crossings and connections . 5
6 Representation of equipment . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Fittings . 6
6.3 Supports and hangers . 7
6.4 Additional provisions . 8
6.5 Adjoining apparatus . 8
6.6 Direction of flow . 8
6.7 Flanges . 8
7 Examples . 9
Bibliography .11
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 10, Technical drawings, Subcommittee
SC 10, Process plant documentation.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6412-1:1989), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the normative references were updated;
— the document went under editorial revision.
A list of all parts in the ISO 6412 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Depending on the information it is intended to convey and the form of representation required, a
distinction is made between graphical representation by means of orthogonal and that by means of
isometric representation.
This document deals with general rules used for both representations (orthogonal and isometric). Rules
applicable only to isometric representation are given in ISO 6412-2.
For the purposes of this document, all dimensions and tolerances on the drawings have been stencilled
in upright lettering. It should be understood that these indications could just as well be written in free-
hand or inclined (italic) lettering without altering the meaning of the indications.
For the presentation of lettering (proportions and dimensions), see 4.4.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6412-1:2017(E)
Technical product documentation — Simplified
representation of pipelines —
Part 1:
General rules and orthogonal representation
1 Scope
This document specifies rules and conventions for the execution of simplified drawings for the
representation of all kinds of pipes and pipelines made of all sorts of materials (rigid and flexible).
It is used whenever it is necessary to represent pipes or pipelines in a simplified manner.
For the purposes of this document, the figures illustrate the text only and should not be considered as
design examples.
NOTE This document can also be used for the representation of similar installations, such as ventilation or
air-conditioning systems; in such cases, the term "duct", etc. is substituted for the term "pipe".
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 128 (all parts), Technical drawings — General principles of presentation
ISO 129-1, Technical product documentation (TPD) — Presentation of dimensions and tolerances — Part 1:
General principles
ISO 1219-1, Fluid power systems and components — Graphical symbols and circuit diagrams — Part 1:
Graphical symbols for conventional use and data-processing applications
ISO 3098-2, Technical drawings — Lettering — Part 2: Latin alphabet, numerals and marks
ISO 3545-1, Steel tubes and fittings — Symbols for use in specifications — Part 1: Tubes and tubular
accessories with circular cross-section
ISO 5261, Technical drawings — Simplified representation of bars and profile sections
ISO 5455, Technical drawings — Scales
ISO 6412-2, Technical product documentation — Si
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 6412-1
Deuxième édition
2017-12
Documentation technique de
produits — Représentation simplifiée
des tuyaux et lignes de tuyauteries —
Partie 1:
Règles générales et représentation
orthogonale
Technical product documentation — Simplified representation of
pipelines —
Part 1: General rules and orthogonal representation
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2017
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2017, Publié en Suisse
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur
l’internet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à
l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 2
4 Principes généraux . 2
4.1 Vue d’ensemble . 2
4.2 Représentation des tuyauteries . 2
4.3 Echelle . 2
4.4 Traits . 2
4.4.1 Épaisseur de trait . 2
4.4.2 Types de traits . 3
4.4.3 Espacement des traits . 3
4.5 Ecriture . 4
4.6 Cotation . 4
4.7 Tolérances . 6
5 Croisements et raccordements . 6
6 Représentation de l'équipement . 6
6.1 Généralités . 6
6.2 Raccords . 6
6.3 Supports et suspensions . 7
6.4 Indications complémentaires . 8
6.5 Appareils voisins . 8
6.6 Sens de l'écoulement . 8
6.7 Brides . 8
7 Exemples . 9
Bibliographie .11
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir http://
www.iso.org/directives).
L'attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion
de l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 10, Documentation technique de
produits, Sous-Comité SC 10, Documentation pour les usines de traitement.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 6412-1:1989), qui a fait l’objet d’une
révision technique.
Les principaux changements par rapport à l’édition précédente sont les suivants:
— les références normatives ont été mises à jour;
— le document a fait l’objet d’une révision éditoriale.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 6412 se trouve sur le site internet de l'ISO.
iv © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés
Introduction
Selon l'information destinée à transmettre et la forme de représentation requise, une distinction est
faite entre la représentation graphique orthogonale et la représentation graphique isométrique.
Le présent document traite des règles générales utilisées pour les deux représentations (orthogonale
et isométrique). Les règles spécifiques à la représentation isométrique sont données dans l'ISO 6412-2.
Pour les besoins du présent document, toutes les dimensions et tolérances sur les dessins sont inscrites
en écritures droites. Il est entendu que ces indications pourraient aussi bien être écrites avec des
écritures à main levée ou inclinée (italique) sans changer la signification des indications.
Pour la présentation des lettres (proportions et dimensions), voir 4.4.
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 6412-1:2017(F)
Documentation technique de produits — Représentation
simplifiée des tuyaux et lignes de tuyauteries —
Partie 1:
Règles générales et représentation orthogonale
1 Domaine d'application
Le présent document spécifié les règles et conventions pour l'exécution des dessins simplifiés pour
la représentation de tous les types de tuyaux et tuyauteries réalisés en divers matériaux (rigides ou
flexibles).
Il est utilisé à chaque fois qu’il est nécessaire de représenter des tuyaux ou tuyauteries de manière
simplifiée.
Pour les besoins du présent document, les figures illustrent seulement le texte et il convient de ne pas
les considérer comme des exemples de conception.
NOTE Le présent document peut aussi être utilisé pour la représentation d'installations similaires, tels que
les systèmes de ventilation ou de climatisation; dans de tels cas, le terme «gaine» etc… est remplacé par le terme
«tuyau».
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants cités dans le texte constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur contenu, des
exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour les
références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 128 (toutes les parties), Dessins techniques — Principes généraux de représentation
ISO 129-1, Documentation technique de produits (TPD) — Représentation des cotes et tolérances —
Partie 1: Principes généraux
ISO 1219-1, Transmissions hydrauliques et pneumatiques — Symboles graphiques et schémas de circuit —
Partie 1: Symboles graphiques en emploi conventionnel et informatisé
ISO 3098-2, Documentation technique de produits — Écriture — Partie 2: Alphabet latin, chiffres et signes
ISO 3545-1, Tubes et raccords en acier — Symboles à utiliser dans les spécifications — Partie 1: Tubes et
accessoires de forme tubulaire à section circulaire
ISO 5261, Dessins techniques — Représentation simplifiée des barres et des profilés
ISO 5455, Dessins techniques — Échelles
ISO 6412-2, Documentation technique de produits — Représentation simplifiée des tuyaux et lignes de
tuyauteries — Partie 2: Projection isométrique
ISO 6428, Dessins techniques — Conditions requises pour la micrographie
ISO 7573, Documentation technique de produits — Nomenclatures de composants
ISO 14617-2, Symboles graphiques pour schémas — Partie 2: Sym
...
ISO 6412-1:2017は、技術製品ドキュメンテーションにおけるパイプラインの簡略化された表現に関する標準であり、特に全ての種類のパイプやパイプラインをさまざまな材料(剛性および柔軟性のもの)で表現するためのルールと規則を明確に定めています。この標準の重要な強みは、その包括的な適用範囲にあります。ISO 6412-1:2017は、技術図面の作成において、複雑な工程を単純化したビジュアルで示すことを可能にし、工業界や建築分野での効率的なコミュニケーションを促進します。 さらに、この標準は、パイプラインだけでなく、換気システムや空調システムなどの類似の施設の表現にも対応できる柔軟性があります。この場合、用語「ダクト」等が「パイプ」という用語の代わりに使用されますので、幅広い応用が可能です。この点からも、ISO 6412-1:2017は様々な業界でのニーズに応える重要な標準であることが示されています。 また、ISO 6412-1:2017では、図示がテキストを補完する形で行われることが強調されていますが、具体的な設計例として使用されることはないため、利用者に明確なガイドラインを提供しつつ、設計の自由度を確保しています。技術者や設計者にとって、ISO 6412-1:2017は、パイプラインの簡略化された表現において必要不可欠なリソースとなるでしょう。 このように、ISO 6412-1:2017はパイプとパイプラインの表現のための一般的なルールを定義することで、技術文書作成の標準化を進め、業界全体の理解と効率性を高める役割を果たしています。
ISO 6412-1:2017 표준은 기술 제품 문서화의 중요한 기준으로, 모든 종류의 파이프와 파이프라인을 단순화하여 표현하는 데 필요한 규칙과 관습을 명확히 정의하고 있습니다. 이 표준은 경직형 및 유연형 소재로 만들어진 파이프를 포함하여 다양한 유형의 파이프와 파이프라인을 표현할 때 필요한 지침을 제공합니다. ISO 6412-1:2017의 주요 강점은 단순화된 도면을 사용하여 복잡한 구조를 직관적으로 이해할 수 있도록 하는 것입니다. 이는 엔지니어링 및 건설 분야에서 기술자들이 보다 쉽게 정보를 전달할 수 있게 도와주며, 설계 및 설치 프로세스에서 발생할 수 있는 혼란을 줄여줍니다. 또한, 이 표준은 파이프뿐만 아니라 환기 및 공조 시스템과 같은 유사한 설치물의 표현에도 적용될 수 있는 유연성을 제공합니다. 이러한 점에서 ISO 6412-1:2017은 다양한 산업에서의 활용 가능성을 더욱 넓히고 있습니다. 또한, ISO 6412-1:2017의 규정은 도면의 단순화 및 일관성을 유지하는 데 초점을 맞추고 있어, 품질 통제 측면에서도 유리합니다. 이는 엔지니어링 문서의 표준화에 기여하며, 프로젝트의 품질을 높이는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다. 결과적으로, 이 표준은 기술 문서화를 필요로 하는 모든 분야에서 필수적인 참고자료로 자리 잡고 있습니다. 결론적으로, ISO 6412-1:2017은 파이프 및 파이프라인의 단순화된 표현을 위한 포괄적인 규칙을 제공하며, 다양한 산업에서의 적용 가능성과 실용성을 통해 그 중요성과 관련성을 확고히 하고 있습니다.
The ISO 6412-1:2017 standard provides a comprehensive framework for the technical product documentation related to simplified representations of pipelines. Its scope is clearly defined to encompass all types of pipes and pipelines, regardless of the materials used, addressing both rigid and flexible varieties. This inclusivity makes ISO 6412-1:2017 a vital resource for industries dealing with fluid transport systems, ensuring effective communication through standardized documentation. One of the standard’s strengths lies in its clear specification of rules and conventions for executing simplified drawings. By establishing general rules for orthogonal representation, it facilitates better understanding and consistency in technical drawings across various applications. This is especially important for industries that rely heavily on accurate and easy-to-follow documentation, such as construction, manufacturing, and engineering. Additionally, ISO 6412-1:2017 is not limited to pipeline representations alone; it also extends its relevance to similar installations, such as ventilation and air-conditioning systems. This adaptability broadens its applicability in the realm of technical documentation, allowing for a standardized approach to diverse systems where pipes or ducts are involved. The informative figures included within the standard serve to complement the textual guidelines, providing visual clarity without serving as design examples. This distinction is crucial, as it ensures that users can easily grasp the intended representations while applying their design expertise independently. Overall, ISO 6412-1:2017 stands out as a key resource in the field of technical product documentation, enhancing the clarity and uniformity of representations for pipelines and related systems. Its robust set of rules and broad applicability underscore its significance in supporting effective communication and comprehension within various engineering disciplines.














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