ISO 17386

Intelligent transport systems — Manoeuvring aids for low-speed operation (MALSO) — Performance requirements and test procedures

ISO 17386:2010 addresses light-duty vehicles, e.g. passenger cars, pick-up trucks, light vans and sport utility vehicles (motorcycles excluded) equipped with MALSO (Manoeuvring Aids for Low Speed Operation) systems. It specifies minimum functionality requirements which the driver can generally expect of the device, i.e., detection of and information on the presence of relevant obstacles within a defined (short) detection range. It defines minimum requirements for failure indication as well as performance test procedures; it includes rules for the general information strategy but does not restrict the kind of information or display system.

Systèmes de transport intelligents — Aides à la conduite pour manœuvre à vitesse réduite (MALSO) — Exigences de performance et procédures d'essai

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 43.040.15 - Car informatics. On board computer systems
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 204 - Intelligent transport systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 204 - Intelligent transport systems
• Current Stage: 6000 - International Standard under publication
• Completion Date: 13-Apr-2023

Relations

• Revises: ISO 17386:2010 - Transport information and control systems — Manoeuvring Aids for Low Speed Operation (MALSO) — Performance requirements and test procedures
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 17386
ISO/TC 204 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2022-07-26 2022-10-18
Intelligent transport systems — Manoeuvring Aids for Low
Speed Operation (MALSO) — Performance requirements
and test procedures

Systèmes de transport intelligents — Aides à la conduite pour manœuvre à vitesse réduite (MALSO) —

Exigences de performance et procédures d'essai
ICS: 43.040.15
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 17386:2022(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 17386:2022(E)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 17386
ISO/TC 204 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
Intelligent transport systems — Manoeuvring Aids for Low
Speed Operation (MALSO) — Performance requirements
and test procedures

Systèmes de transport intelligents — Aides à la conduite pour manœuvre à vitesse réduite (MALSO) —

Exigences de performance et procédures d'essai
ICS: 43.040.15
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
© ISO 2022
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.

the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS

or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,

TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
ISO copyright office
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
Phone: [phone]
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
Email: [e-mail]
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Website: www.iso.org ISO/DIS 17386:2022(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
Published in Switzerland
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 17386:2022(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Classification ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

5 Functional and performance requirements ........................................................................................................................... 5

5.1 System activation ................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

5.1.1 Systems with manual activation .......................................................................................................................... 5

5.1.2 Systems with automatic activation ................................... ................................................................................. 5

5.2 Driver interface and information strategy .................................................................................................................... 5

5.2.1 General information presentation ...................................................................................................................... 5

5.2.2 Audible information ........................................................................................................................................................ 6

5.2.3 Visual information ............................................................................................................................................................ 6

5.2.4 Combination of visual and audible information ..................................................................................... 7

5.2.5 Duration of signalling .................................................................................................................................................... 7

5.3 Dynamic performance of object detection .................................................................................................................... 8

5.3.1 Relative velocity of objects ........................................................................................................................................ 8

5.3.2 Start-up detection delay............................................................................................................................................... 8

5.3.3 Detection latency ............................................................................................................................................................... 8

5.4 Monitoring range coverage ......................................................................................................................................................... 8

5.4.1 Sections of the monitoring range ........................................................................................................................ 8

5.4.2 Horizontal areas of relevance ................................................................................................................................. 8

5.4.3 Rear horizontal area .................................................................................................................................................... 10

5.4.4 Front horizontal area .................................................................................................................................................. 10

5.4.5 Corner horizontal areas ............................................................................................................................................12

5.4.6 Minimum coverage ratios ........................................................................................................................................ 13

5.4.7 Vertical areas of relevance ..................................................................................................................................... 13

5.5 Self-test capabilities and failure indication ............................................................................................................... 14

5.6 Operation with trailers ................................................................................................................................................................ 14

5.6.1 Trailer hitch handling ................................................................................................................................................. 14

5.6.2 System operation with trailer ............................................................................................................................. 15

6 Requirements and tests components .........................................................................................................................................15

7 Operational test of obstacle detection .......................................................................................................................................15

7.1 Test object ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 15

7.1.1 Standard test object definition ........................................................................................................................... 15

7.1.2 Ultrasonic-based systems ....................................................................................................................................... 15

7.1.3 Radar-based systems .................................................................................................................................................. 16

7.2 General ambient conditions ..................................................................................................................................................... 16

7.3 Test procedure ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 16

7.3.1 Test setup ............................................................................................................................................................................... 16

7.3.2 Test 1 — Coverage of horizontal areas of relevance ....................................................................... 17

7.3.3 Test 2 — Coverage of vertical areas of relevance............................................................................... 17

Annex A (informative) Test methods ...............................................................................................................................................................18

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................21

iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 17386:2022(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International

Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.

Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies

casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 17386 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17386:2004), which has been technically

revised.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 17386:2022(E)
Introduction

Today's aerodynamically-shaped vehicles often result in restricted rear and front visibility. Manoeuvring

aids for low-speed operation (MALSO) enhance security and driver convenience during parking or

manoeuvring situations at very low speed, e.g. in narrow passages. Drivers can avoid collisions with

obstacles that cannot be seen but can be detected by the system and they can make more effective use

of limited parking space.

MALSO systems are detection devices with non-contact sensors which assist the driver during

low speed manoeuvring. MALSO systems indicate to the driver the presence of front, rear or corner

objects when squeezing into small parking spaces or manoeuvring through narrow passages. They are

regarded as an aid to drivers for use at speeds of up to 0,5 m/s, and they do not relieve drivers of their

responsibility when driving the vehicle.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 17386:2022(E)
Intelligent transport systems — Manoeuvring Aids for Low
Speed Operation (MALSO) — Performance requirements
and test procedures
1 Scope

This International Standard addresses light-duty vehicles, e.g. passenger cars, pick-up trucks, light vans

and sport utility vehicles (motorcycles excluded) equipped with MALSO systems. It specifies minimum

functionality requirements which the driver can generally expect of the device, i.e. detection of and

information on the presence of relevant obstacles within a defined (short) detection range. It defines

minimum requirements for failure indication as well as performance test procedures; it includes rules

for the general information strategy but does not restrict the kind of information or display system.

MALSO systems use object-detection devices (sensors) for ranging in order to provide the driver with

information based on the distance to obstacles. The sensing technology is not addressed; however,

technology affects the performance-test procedures set up in this International Standard (see

Clause 7). The current test objects are defined based on systems using ultrasonic sensors, which reflect

the most commonly used technology at the time of publishing this International Standard. For other

sensing technologies possibly coming up in the future, these test objects shall be checked and changed

if required.

Visibility-enhancement systems like video-camera aids without distance ranging and warning are not

covered by this International Standard.

Reversing aids and obstacle-detection devices on heavy commercial vehicles are not addressed by this

International Standard; requirements for those systems are defined in ISO/TR 12155.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated

references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced

document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2575, Road vehicles — Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales

ISO 15006, Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems —

Specifications for in-vehicle auditory presentation

ISO 15008, Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems —

Specifications and test procedures for in-vehicle visual presentation

ISO 16750 (all parts), Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic

equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
audible information and warning

acoustical signal that is used to present information about relevant obstacles, to the driver

EXAMPLE Pulses, speech.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 17386:2022(E)

Note 1 to entry: Acoustical pulses can be coded mainly by carrier frequency, repetition rate and position of sound

generator.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.2
evaluation for information and advice

information about detected obstacles that, when the system is activated, will be evaluated to warn and

advise the driver in order to help with the current low speed manoeuvre
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.

Figure 1 — Block diagram of the potential sub-functions of a manoeuvring aid for low-speed

operation
3.3
manoeuvring aid for low-speed operation

system that, at low speeds (< 0,5 m/s), is capable of informing the driver of the presence of stationary

obstacles in particular areas in close proximity to the subject vehicle, mainly during parking and

manoeuvring in narrow passages
3.4
monitoring range
m.r.

specific three-dimensional space around the vehicle, which is divided into rear and front corner m.r.,

front, rear-1 and rear-2 m.r.

Note 1 to entry: The covered monitoring ranges depend on the intended use of the system (see Clause 4).

Note 2 to entry: See Figure 2.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 17386:2022(E)
Key
1 front
2 front corner
3 rear corner
4 rear-1
5 rear-2
Figure 2 — Monitoring ranges (plan view)
3.5
reversing detection system

system that gives an indication to the driver, when the reverse gear is selected, whether there are

objects in the monitoring range
3.6
sensor
component that detects objects in the monitoring range

Note 1 to entry: There are a variety of sensor principles listed below which could be used.

The most common principle is the flight time measurement (e.g. radar, lidar, sonar). Active sensor elements create

a pulsed or continuously modulated field of microwaves, (infrared) light, or ultrasonic sound. The reflected

energy due to an object in the detection area is received, and the distance to the object is measured. The lateral

position of the object is estimated based on the beam or field directional characteristics, or based on the timing

relationships between sensors with overlapping coverage areas.

Alternative principles include distance measurement by triangulation principle and passive sensor systems

using image processing.
3.7
system activation

action of transitioning the system operation from a quiescent mode to an active one in which the system

is monitoring the monitoring ranges, evaluating the objects detected and generating appropriate

feedback to assist the driver
3.8
test object

object with a specific material, geometry and surface for testing the monitoring range

Note 1 to entry: This test object should give comparable results for the relevant sensor types.

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 17386:2022(E)
3.9
visual information and warning

optical signal which is used to present information about relevant obstacles to the driver

EXAMPLE Telltale, display.

Note 1 to entry: Visual information can be coded, e.g. by colour, repetition rate, symbols or text. The driver can

be warned by continuous or pulsating signalling of possibly coloured telltales. Information can be graphical or

alphanumeric.
3.10
warning levels

progressive critical levels of audible/visual/tactile/kinaesthetic information or feedback to the driver

regarding the hazard environment
4 Classification

The MALSO system classification reflects the diversity of driving behaviour and market demand in

different regions of the world. For example, in certain countries, drivers manoeuvre within a very tight

area and have come to rely on warnings given at very short range. In other regions, drivers expect

warnings to be given at a relatively longer range. A manufacturer may select the most suitable system

parameters based on the driving style and expectations of the target driver population.

The manoeuvring aids for low-speed operation are classified according to their capability of covering

the different monitoring ranges. Each monitoring range corresponds to a particular part of the vehicle

boundary to prevent colliding with an obstacle. See Figure 2. The class of the system is indicated by an

abbreviation corresponding to the monitoring ranges covered.
Table 1 — Classification of manoeuvring aids for low-speed operation —
Abbreviations of monitoring ranges
Monitoring range Abbreviation Detection Maximum driving
distance speed
m m/s
Rear-1 R1 0,6 0,3
Rear-2 R2 1,0 0,5
Rear corner driver side Rcd 0,5 0,3
Rear corner passenger side Rcp 0,5 0,3
Front F 0,6 0,3
Front corner driver side Fcd 0,5 0,3
Front corner passenger side Fcp 0,5 0,3

Any combination of monitoring ranges may be used, if it is beneficial for the intended use of the system.

The corner type systems have monitoring ranges restricted to particular corners of the vehicle and are

mainly intended to assist the driver while driving through narrow passages.

For convenience and most efficient use of the manoeuvring aid the driver shall be informed about the

type of system the vehicle is equipped with, according to the classification above.

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 17386:2022(E)
5 Functional and performance requirements
5.1 System activation
5.1.1 Systems with manual activation

The system is turned ON and OFF by the driver with a switch or push-button. After activation, the

system may indicate readiness for service acoustically or visually. This indication shall be clearly

distinguishable from distance information about obstacles.
5.1.2 Systems with automatic activation

The system is activated/deactivated automatically according to the driving situation. The possible

monitoring ranges (see Clause 4) may be activated separately in order to avoid nuisance signals. After

automatic activation, readiness for service may be indicated to the driver. There may be an on/off

switch or push-button to override automatic (de)activation.

Recommended activation and deactivation criteria are the gear selection (reverse/forward), the vehicle

speed v and the travelled distance x since system activation as described in Table 2. Further criteria

may be used by the OEM to improve comfort or safety of the system. The system shall be activated

according Table 2 if the vehicle speed v is greater than zero. In the case of the vehicle speed v equals to

zero application of Table 2 is up to the manufacturers.

The vehicle speed v for activation and v for deactivation shall be ≥ 0,5 m/s or 0,3 m/s, depending on

on off
the monitoring range under consideration (see Table 1),
Table 2 — System activation/deactivation criteria
Monitoring range Reverse gear selected Gear other than reverse is selected
v < v v ≥ v or x > x
on off off
Front o + −
Front corners o + −
Rear + o −
Rear corners + o −
“o” indicates optional.
“+” indicates active.
“−” indicates inactive.

On vehicles with automatic transmission the MALSO system may be deactivated if the P (parking) gear

position is selected. It is also possible to deactivate the system while the parking brake is engaged.

5.2 Driver interface and information strategy
5.2.1 General information presentation

For the driver interface, at least the audible information channel shall be used. Visual information and

warning may be used as a supplement. A standardized information strategy will be the basis for the

development of both types of information components, as this makes the use in different vehicles easier

and safer. The most relevant information for the driver is the distance, i.e. the clearance, between the

vehicle boundary and an obstacle. The location of the obstacle relative to the vehicle may be indicated

as additional information.
Failures shall be indicated to the driver as well.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 17386:2022(E)

A general information strategy cannot be established because of the following reasons:

— there are many different ways of coding the information;

— each car manufacturer will integrate the manoeuvring aids into its driver-information system with

its specific driver interface.

Subclauses 5.2.2 to 5.2.5 may be regarded as guidance in the implementation of an information strategy.

5.2.2 Audible information
The audible information shall be presented in accordance with ISO 15006.
The following basic code is recommended for the audible information channel:

a) Distance should be coded into at least two levels. These zones may be represented by different

repetition rates, with the basic rule that a high repetition rate or a continuous sound corresponds

to short distances. If a different or an additional code is used it should not interfere with the basic

rule.

b) The different areas may be represented by different carrier frequencies (e.g. high frequency for the

front, low frequency for the back of the vehicle). In this case, not more than two different areas/

carrier frequencies should be used. Synthesised or recorded voice messages may also be used.

c) The activation/deactivation of the system and the indication of failure/disturbance may be

presented by an audible signal, clearly distinguishable from the other signals.
5.2.3 Visual information
The visual information shall be presented in accordance with ISO 15008.

If the visual information channel is used as a supplement to the audible channel, the following basic

code is recommended:

a) The information should be codified into at least two levels, represented by multiple colours: for

example, red for level 1 (imminent collision level) and yellow or green for level 2 (attention level).

If a different code or an additional advisory level is used, it should not interfere with these basic

code elements. The two levels may be subdivided by using more than one display element with the

same colour, e.g. a bar graph with three red and three yellow bars, allowing for six sub-levels. If a

monochromatic element is used instead of multiple colours, the two levels may be represented by a

combination of continuous and flashing illumination, or a display consisting of incremental bars.

Figure 3 shows the warning levels for the rear monitoring range.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 17386:2022(E)
Key
1 level 1 3 advisory level
2 level 2 4 rear monitoring range
Figure 3 — Warning levels for rear monitoring range

b) The display should be located so as to minimize the likelihood of inducing drivers to change their

direction of vision. For example, it is recommended to place the display for the rear monitoring

range in the rear part of the passenger compartment, because this allows drivers to watch the

display while simultaneously looking through the rear mirror or over their shoulder directly

through the rear window. For the same reason it is recommended to locate the display for the front

monitoring range in the dashboard.

c) It is recommended to indicate the activation/deactivation and malfunction of the system by a

telltale or a symbol in all active displays of the system. These symbols shall be in accordance with

ISO 2575.
5.2.4 Combination of visual and audible information

A combination of visual and audible information may be used to improve the system performance

or to reduce the possibility of annoying the driver and passengers, taking into account the specific

advantages of both information channels.

Level 1 (imminent collision level) information shall be given audibly and may additionally be given

visually; level 2 (attention level) information may, however, be given by the visual or the audible channel

only.

If the intensity of the audible information presentation can be reduced by the driver, e.g. from a menu

of the onboard human-machine interface (HMI) system, there should be a note in the user manual or a

message in the dialog with the HMI system, stating that warnings may not be perceived in time if the

volume is set too low.
5.2.5 Duration of signalling

In general, the signalling of an obstacle shall be maintained as long as the obstacle is detected and shall

cease when the obstacle is no longer detected or the system is deactivated. For activation/deactivation

criteria of the system and specific monitoring ranges refer to 5.1.

In order to reduce annoyance of the driver, the system may automatically switch off the audible signal

temporarily after a certain time (to be defined by the manufacturer). The system, however, shall remain

in the active state.

As soon as the distance to the obstacle decreases, the audible signal shall be switched on automatically

again. In the case of an increasing distance to the obstacle the audible signal may remain switched off.

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------
...