ISO 1213-2:1992
(Main)Solid mineral fuels — Vocabulary — Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis
Solid mineral fuels — Vocabulary — Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis
Defines 205 terms commonly employed in this field. Alternative names are given for several terms: in some cases, however, the use of the alternative name is deprecated (as indicated).
Combustibles minéraux solides — Vocabulaire — Partie 2: Termes relatifs à l'échantillonnage, l'essai et l'analyse
Trdna fosilna goriva - Slovar - 2. del: Strokovni izrazi za vzorčenje, preskušanje in analize
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I NTE R NAT1 O NA L
121 312
STANDARD
First edition
1992-04-01
Solid mineral fuels - Vocabulary -
Part 2:
Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis
Combustibles minéraux solides - Vocabulaire -
Partie 2: Termes relatifs à l'échantillonnage, l'essai et l'analyse du
ch arb o n
~~
__-
Reference number
. . . . . . . . . . . . IS0 1213-2:1992(E)
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IS0 1213-2:1992(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization,
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter-
national Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member
bodies casting a vote.
International Standard IS0 1213-2 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels.
It cancels and replaces IS0 Recommendations R 1213-2:1971 and
R 1213-3:1971, of which it constitutes a technical revision.
IS0 1213 consists of the following parts, under the general title Solid
mineral fuels - Vocabulary:
- Part I: Terms relating to coal preparation
- Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis
0 IS0 1992
Ail rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any fortn
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without
permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 CH-121 1 Genève 20 Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 1213-2:1992(E)
Solid mineral fuels - Vocabulary -
Part 2:
Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis
3.2 abrasion index: The total mass lost by the
1 Scope
abrasion of four carbon steel blades when rotated in
a specified mass of a solid mineral fuel under
This part of IS0 1213 defines terms commonly em-
specified conditions, expressed in milligrams of
ployed in the sampling, testing and analysis of solid
metal lost per kilogram of solid mineral fuel.
mineral fuels.
Alternative names are given for several terms: in
3.3 accuracy: The closeness of agreement between
some cases, however, the use of the alternative
an observation and the “true” value.
is deprecated (as indicated).
name
The accuracy of a result should not be confused
NOTE 1
An alphabetical index, with numerical cross-
with its precision.
reference is provided.
3.4 adventitious ash; extraneous ash (deprecated):
Ash arising from mineral matter associated with, but
2 Normative references
not inherent in. a solid mineral fuel.
The following standards contain provisions which,
3.5 air-dried basis: A means of expressing an ana-
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
lytical result based on the condition in which a solid
IS0 1213. At the time of publication,
of this part of
mineral fuel is in equilibrium with atmospheric hu-
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
midity.
subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
on this part of IS0 1213 are encouraged to investi-
The solid mineral fuel in this state is composed
NOTE 2
gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi-
of residual moisture, mineral matter and organic matter.
tions of the standards indicated below. Members of
IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid In-
3.6 anthracite: Coal of high rank, with a low volatile
ternational Standards.
matter content and a semi-metallic lustre, and which
does not soften or swell when heated.
IS0 565:1990, Test sieves - Metal wire cloth, per-
forated metal plate and electroformed sheet - Nom-
3.7 apparent relative density: The ratio of the mass
inal sizes of openings.
of a dry solid mineral fuel to the mass of a volume
of water equal to the apparent volume of the solid
IS0 3310-1 : 1990, Test sieves - Technical require-
mineral fuel at a specified temperature.
ments and testing - Part 1: Test sieves ofmetal wire
cloth.
NOTE 3 The apparent relative density should not be
confused with the bulk density (see 3.21).
3 Terms and definitions
3.8 ash: The residue obtained by incineration of a
solid mineral fuel under specified conditions.
3.1 abrasion: Loss of material from particle sur-
faces of a solid mineral fuel, or from other surfaces
3.9 ash analysis: The analysis of ash for its el-
in contact with the particles, caused by friction be-
emental composition.
tween contacting surfaces.
1
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IS0 121 3-2A 992(E)
NOTE 4 The elements usually determined are silicon,
tribution curve of a material, i.e. the largest sieve
aluminium, iron, magnesium, titanium, calcium, sodium,
95 of the material is retained.
size on which
potassium, phosphorus and sulfur, and these are usually
expressed as oxides.
3.18 breakage: Particle size reduction resulting
from impact and/or compression.
3.10 ash fusibility: Characteristic physical state of
the ash obtained by heating under specified con-
3.19 breeze: The undersize after separating the
ditions.
smallest size of graded coke.
NOTES
Breeze is usually less than 10 mm in size.
NOTE 12
5 Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidizing or
reducing conditions. 3.20 brown coal and lignite: Coals of low rank
characterized by high inherent moisture, high vol-
6 See also deformation interval (3.43), deformation tern-
atile ,natter and low calorific value,
perature (3.44), flow temperature (3.58), hemisphere tem-
perature (3.76) and melting interval (3.100).
NOTE 13 In some countries the terms are used to de-
scribe all low rank coals up to bituniinous coals. In other
ash viscosity: A measure Of the resistance to
3*11
countries the coals at the higher end of the range are re-
flow of ash in the fused state.
ferred to as sub-bituminous coals.
3.12 base/acid ratio: The ratio of the mass of basic 3.21 bulk density: mass of a of a solid
oxides [iron(lll) oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium
mineral fuel divided by the volume of the container
oxide, disodium oxide and dipotassium oxide] to the which is filled by that portion under specified con-
mass of acidic oxides [silica, aluminium oxide and dit ions,
titanium (IV) oxide] in ash.
3.22 carbominerite: Collective term for inter-
This ratio can be used in the determination of
NOTE 7
growths of minerals and macerals.
the fouling factor and the slagging factor.
NOTE 14 The various types of carbominerite with their
3.13 batch: A quantity of a solid mineral fuel pro-
compositions are given in table ,,
duced at one time under relativelv uniform con-
dit ion s,
Table 1 - Types and compositions of
3.14 bias: A systematic error which leads to results
carbominerite
which are persistently higher or persistently lower
I I I
Volume percentage of
than the "true" value.
Type minerals
I I
3.15 bituminous coal: A general descriptive term
Carbargilite 20 to 60, clay minerals
for coal of rank between anthracite and brown
5 to 20, sulfides
Car bopy ri te
coa//lignite.
Carbankerite 20 to 60, carbonates
NOTES
Carbosilicite 20 to 60, quartz
Carbopol yminerite') 20 to 60, various minerals
8 The vitrinites in all coals in the bituminous range melt
and form a coke when the coal is heated above 400 "C in
1) The term is used also for carbopolyminerite containing a
the absence of air.
maximum of 5 Yo of mineral matter, provided that sulfides
form a substantial part of the mineral matter.
9 In some countries coals of rank immediately below that
of bituminous coal are referred to as sub-bituminous
coals.
3.23 carbon in mineral matter: The carbon in the
mineral matter carbonates of a solid mineral fuel.
3.16 blast furnace coke: Strong, large coke for use
in blast furnaces.
3.24 carboxyreactivity: The rate of reaction of a
NOTES
solid mineral fuel with carbon dioxide under speci-
fied conditions.
10 Blast furnace coke is generally produced from blends
of bituminous coals, which may incorporate additives.
3.25 char: The solid, partially or non-agglomerated
carbonaceous material produced by the pyrolysis of
11 Blast furnace coke usually has a low reactivity to
solid mineral fuels,
carbon dioxide.
3.26 chute: An inclined trough for conveying solid
3.17 bottom size; lower size: The size correspond-
mineral fuel to a lower level,
ing to the 95 percentile on the cumulative size dis-
2
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IS0 121 3-2:1992( E)
flattened into a uniform circular layer and divided
3.27 clinkering: The aggregation of particles of ash
into four equal portions by cuts at right angles, one
after it has melted during the course of combustion
pair of opposite quarters being retained while the
of a solid mineral fuel or during gasification.
other pair is rejected.
NOTE 15 The aggregated particles may include small
amounts of unburnt solid mineral fuel.
3.37 constant mass division: The method of in-
crement or sample division in which the portions
3.28 coal: Combustible sedimentary rock formed
retained from individual increments, partial samples
from altered plant remains consolidated under
or gross samples are of uniform mass.
superimposed strata.
3.38 continuous sampling: The taking of a sample
NOTE 16 The characteristics of different coals are due
from every unit of the solid mineral fuel being han-
to differences in source plant material, in the conditions
dled.
and the degree of change that the material has undergone
in its geological history, and in the range of impurities
present, Coals can be characterized macroscopically by 3.39 correlation coefficient: A measure of the de-
their lithotype composition and microscopically by their
gree of correlation between the members of paired
maceral and microlithotype compositions.
sets.
3.29 coalification: Process by which sedimented
3.40 crucible swelling number: The number which
compacted plant remains are transformed into coal.
defines, by reference to a series of standard profiles,
the size and shape of the residue obtained when a
NOTE 17 This process is characterized by an increase
specified mass of coal is heated in a covered
in the carbon content in the plant remains and a decrease
crucible under specified conditions.
in the volatile matter yield from the plant remains. As
coalification proceeds, the reflectances of the macerals
3.41 crush (to): To reduce the particle size of a
tend to increase. Vitrinite is used as a reference material
for the determination of the rank of coal because its sample to produce mainly coarse particles.
reflectance increases uniformly with the extent of
coalification.
NOTE 19 See also to grind (3.70).
3.30 coefficient of variation: The standard devi-
3.42 cut coke: Screened coke from which the over-
ation, s, expressed as a percentage of the absolute
size has been reduced by mechanical means and
value of the arithmetic mean, 1x1
rescreened.
S
v=-x 100
3.43 deformation interval; softening interval: The
1x1
interval between the deformation temperature and
hemisphere temperature.
the
NOTE 18 This term is usually designated as v
3.44 deformation temperature: The temperature at
3.31 coke: The solid, agglomerated carbonaceous
which deformation of a test piece prepared from
residue produced by the pyrolysis of coal in the ab-
ash, by a specified procedure, occurs.
sence of air.
takes the following
NOTE 20 The deformation observed
3.32 combustible matter: Theoretical state of a
forms:
mineral
solid mineral fuel without moisture and
matter other than pyritic sulfur and siilfidic sulfur.
a) when using cylindrical (or cubicoidal) test pieces, a
change of the surface and the rounding of the edges
3.33 combustible sulfur: The sulfur which reacts at the rim or corner;
with oxygen when a solid mineral fuel is burnt under
specified control I ed conditions.
b) when using pyramidal test pieces, the rounding of the
tip of the test piece.
3.34 common sample: A sample collected for more
3.45 dilatation: A measure of the volume change
than one intended use.
produced by heating a coal through its plastic range
under specified conditions.
3.35 complete seam profile sample for each
bench: Collective designation of the coal samples
3,46 dirt band; shale band (deprecated): A layer of
taken separately from each coal bench and band of
mineral matter lying parallel to the bedding plane in
the tested seam or a part of it which is a section of
of coal.
a thick seam. a seam
3.36 coning and quartering: An operation in which 3.47 divided increment: The part obtained from the
the thoroughly mixed material is piled into a conical division of the increment in order to decrease its
heap on a clean, dry, non-absorbent surface, then mass.
3
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IS0 1213-2:1992(E)
NOTE 21 Such division may be done with or without
3.61 forms of sulfur: A collective term for the pyritic
prior size reduction.
sulfur, sulfate sulfur and organic sulfur in a solid
mineral fuel.
3.48 dry ash-free basis: A means of expressing an
analytical result based on a hypothetical condition NOTE 22 For the purposes of this definition, elemental
sulfur and monosulfides, which may be present in certain
in which the solid mineral fuel is considered to be
solid mineral fuels, are disregarded.
free from both moisture and ash.
3.62 fouling factor: A measure of the tendency of
3.49 dry basis: A means of expressing an analytical
deposits in the convective zone
ash to form sintered
result based on the condition in which the solid
of a furnace.
mineral fuel is free from moisture.
3.63 foundry coke: Very strong, very large, dense
3.50 dry mineral-matter-free basis: A means of ex-
coke for use in foiindry cupola furnaces
pressing an analytical result based on a hypothetical
condition in which the solid mineral fuel is consid-
NOTE 23 It is prepared in coke ovens from selected
ered to be free from both moisture and mineral
coking coal blends, and may incorporate additives.
matter.
3.64 free moisture: The moisture which is lost by
3.51 duplicate determination: The determination of
the solid mineral fuel sample in attaining approxi-
a characteristic on two portions of the same test
mate equilibrium with the atmosphere to which it is
sample carried out by the same operator using the
exposed.
same apparatus but at different times.
3.65 gas coke: Coke usually made from high vol-
3.52 duplicate sampling: A particular case of repli-
atile bituminous coal at high temperature in gas-
cate sampling with only two replicate samples.
making carbonization plants.
3.53 error: The difference between the observation
3.66 general analysis: The determination of the
and the "true" value, which can be designated sys-
chemical and physical characteristics of a solid
tematic (bias) or random.
mineral fuel, other than the determination of tofal
moisture.
3.54 falling stream: A stream of solid mineral fuel
in free fall, for example from the end of a conveyor. 3.67 general analysis test sample: A sample,
crushed to pass a sieve, of nominal size of openings
212 pm, complying with IS0 3310-1, used for the de-
3.55 fixed carbon: The remainder after the per-
termination of most physical and chemical charac-
centages of the moisture, ash and volatile matter are
teristics of a solid mineral fuel.
subtracted from 100.
3.68 graded coke: Coke which has been screened
3.56 fixed rate division: The method of increment
between two specified sizes.
or sample division in which the portions retained
from individual increments, partial samples or gross
have a mass proportional to the mass of the 3.69 Gray-King coke type: The type, denoted by a
samples
increment, partial sample or gross sample.
letter, with a subscript in certain cases, which de-
fines, by reference to a series of standard profiles,
the size, strength and texture of the coke residue
3.57 fixed sulfur: The sulfur which is present in the
obtained when a specified mass of coal is heated in
solid residue (non-volatile), after the pyrolysis of a
a retort tube under specified conditions.
solid mineral fuel at a particular temperature.
3.70 grind (to); mill (to) (deprecated): To reduce the
3.58 flow temperature: The temperature at which a
particle size of a sample to prodiice fine particles.
test piece, prepared from ash by a specified pro-
cedure, loses its profile and flows to the extent that
NOTE 24 See also to crush (3.41)
its height is one third of its height at the hemisphere
temp era ture.
3.71 gross calorific value at constant volume: The
amount of heat liberated per unit mass of a solid
3.59 fluidity: A measure of the viscosity of a coal in
in oxygen saturated
mineral fuel when it is burned
its plastic state determined under specified con-
with water vapour in a bomb calorimeter under
ditions.
specified conditions.
3.60 formed coke: Coke specially prepared from
NOTE 25 The gross calorific value at constant volume
coal by processes involving the compaction of par-
is the negative value of the gross specific energy of com-
ticles into a regularly shaped artifact. bustion.
4
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IS0 121 3-2A 992( E)
3.84 inerts (inorganic): Constituents of a solid min-
3.72 gross sample: The quantity of a solid mineral
eral fuel which decrease its efficiency in a specific
fuel consisting of all the increments or parfial sam-
use.
ples taken from a sampling unit, either in the con-
dition as taken or after the increments have been
individually reduced and/or divided.
3.85 inerts (organic): The maceral components of a
coal which do not soften or swell during the process
3.73 hand placing: The operation by which an at-
of carbonization.
tempt is made to pass each particle of solid mineral
fuel through a stationary sieve by presenting it to the
3.86 inherent ash: Ash arising from mineral matfer
sieve in all possible orientations but without the use
present in the original plant material from which the
of force.
solid mineral fuel was formed and from mineral
matter incorporated intimately in the solid mineral
3.74 hand shaking; manual shaking: The operation
fuel during the coalification process.
in which a sieve is held in the hands and is given a
g e n t I e ho riz0 n t a I osc i I I a tory mot ion .
3.87 intermittent sampling: The taking of a sample
from only certain units of the solid mineral fuel being
3.75 Hardgrove grindability index: A measure of the
handled.
grindability of a coal determined by testing a spe-
cially prepared sample in standard apparatus.
3.88 lrsid indices: The percentages of a specially
prepared sample of coke remaining on a test sieve
3.76 hemisphere temperature: The temperature at
of 40 mm nominal size of openings (round hole) and
which the height of a test piece, prepared from ash
passing a test sieve of 10 mm nominal size of
by a specified procedure, is equal to half the width
openings (round hole), denoted by arid re-
of the base, and its shape becomes approximately
to
spectively, after the sample has been subjected
is p herical.
hem
500 revolutions by a specified procedure in a rotat-
ing drum.
3.77 high temperature coke: The solid, agglomer-
ated carbonaceous residue of the pyrolysis of coal
NOTE 27 Other indices, for example I*,,, may be re-
at temperatures above 850 "C.
ported in addition to, or in place of, 140 if required.
3.78 humic acids: A group of complex organic,
3.89 laboratory sample: A sample prepared from
amorphous compounds of high relative molecular
the gross or partial sample as delivered to the lab-
mass which occur as free acids and as metal salts
oratory and from which further samples are pre-
(humates) .
pared for test purposes.
3.79 hydrogen in mineral matter: The hydrogen in
3.90 large coal: Coal above a specified lower limit-
the water of constitution in the mineral matter of a
ing size, without any upper size limit.
solid mineral fuel.
3.91 large coke: Coke with lower size of 20 mm and
3.80 hydroreactivity: The rate of reaction of a solid
above! with or without upper size limit.
mineral fuel with water vapour under specified con-
ditions.
3.92 lot: A discrete quantity of a solid mineral fuel
for which the overall quality needs to be determined.
3,81 hygroscopic moisture of brown coals and
lignites: The part of total moisture which is retained
3.93 low temperature coke: The solid, agglomer-
by a brown coal or lignite after exposing it to the
ated carbonaceous residue of the pyrolysis of coal
atmosphere and allowing it to attain a constant
at a temperature between 500 OC and 850 OC.
mass, at 20 "C 2 2 OC and (70 h 5) Oh relative hu-
midity.
3.94 lump section: A piece of solid mineral fuel of
size suitable for polishing and examination under
3.82 ignition temperature: The minimum tempera-
the microscope.
ture at which a solid mineral fuel liberates enough
volatile matter to form! together with the surround-
NOTE 28 One face of the lump section, usually that
ing atmosphere, a flammable mixture.
perpendicular to the bedding plane, is ground and pol-
ished.
3.83 increment: A portion of a solid mineral fuel
collected in a single operation of the sampling in-
3.95 maceral: Microscopically recognizable or-
strument.
to the minerals
ganic constituent of coal analogous
of inorganic rocks, but differing from them in that a
NOTE 26 For some types of sampling instrument, a
maceral has no characteristic crystal form and is not
single operation consists of a double pass (back and forth)
through the stream. constant in chemical composition.
5
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IS0 1213-2:1992(E)
NOTES NOTE 32 Each increment or divided increment consti-
tuting the partial sample or the gross sample should be
29 The macerals are distinguished from one another,
of almost uniform mass.
microscopically on the basis of their differences in such
properties as reflectance, colour, morphology, size and
3.98 maximum reflectance: Highest value of
hardness. They originate from the remains of different
reflectance obtained when any polished section of a
tissues of plants and their physical and chemical proper-
particle or lump of coal is rotated in its own plane in
ties change as coalification proceeds.
linearly polarized light.
30 The classification of the macerals in bituminous coal
and anthracite is given in table2.
mean size: The weighted average particle size
3.99
of any sample.
3.96 maceral group: Collective term for macerals
3.100 melting interval: The interval between the
having broadly similar properties in a single coal of
hemisphere temperature and the flow temperature.
specific rank.
3.101 microlithotype: Naturally occurring rnaceral
NOTE 31 Three maceral groups are recognized: vitrinite
or association of macerals with a minimum band
(huminite in brown coal), liptinite and inertinite. The
width of 50 ym.
maceral groups in bituminous coal and anthracite, and
their subdivisions, are given in table2.
NOTES
33 Microlithotypes are classified in one of three catego-
ries, namely monomaceral, bimaceral and trimaceral
Table 2 - Maceral groups in bituminous coal and
microlithotypes, according to whether they contain sig-
anthracite and their subdivisions
nificant proportions of maceralç of one, two or three
maceral groups. For the bimaceral and trimaceral
Maceral group Maceral Submaceral
microlithotypes, the proportion of an individual maceral
group is more than 5 % by volume in each case.
Vitrinite Telinite Telinite 1
Teiinite 2
microlithotypes in
34 The classification of the main
bituminous coal and anthracite and their maceral group
Coliinite Teiocol i i nite
compositions are given in table3
Gelocollinite
Oesmocoliinite
Corpocoliinite Table 3 - Classification of the main
microlithotypes in bituminous coal and anthracite
Vitrodetrinite
Maceral-group composition
Li pti ni te') S pori n i t e
Microli thotype
(Total > 95 % by voiume, minerai-free
Cutinite
basis)
Resinite
Monomaceral
Çuberinite2)
Alginite
Vit r i nite
Vi tr i te
Liptodetrinite
Li pti ni te
Liptite
Bituminite
inertite lnertinite
Micrinite
lnertinite
Macrinite
Bimaceral
Semifusinite
Fuslnite Pyrofusinite
Clarite Vitrinite + Liptinite
Degradofusinite
inertinite + Liptinite
Ourite
Sclerotinite
Vitrinertite Vitrinite + inertinite
lnertodetrinite
Trimacerai
1) This maceral group has also been referred to as exinite
but the use of this term is now deprecated.
Vitrinite + Liptinite + lnertinite
Trimacerite
2) Occurs in post-carboniferous bituminous coals.
3.102 Micum indices: The percentages of a spe-
cially prepared sample of coke remaining on a test
3.97 mass basis sampling: The taking of increments
sieve of 40 mm nominal size of openings (round
in uniform mass intervals throughout the sampling
hole) and passing a test sieve of 'IO mm nominal
unit.
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
IS0 1213-2:1992(E)
size of openings (round hole), denoted by M,, and 3.112 net calorific value at constant volume: The
M,, respectively, after the sample has been sub- gross calorific value at constant volume less the la-
jected to 100 revolutions by a specified procedure in tent heat of evaporation of the water originally con-
a rotating drum. tained in the fuel and that formed during its
combustion.
NOTE 35 Other indices, e,g. M,,, M,,, may be reported
if required. at constant volume is
NOTE 38 The net calorific value
the negative value of the net specific energy of corn-
bustion.
3.103 milled coke: Coke reduced in size by grinding
(milling) so that a high proportion will pass a fine
3.113 nominal top size: The smallest sieve in the
sieve, for example a sieve of nominal size of
range included in the R 20 series (see IS0 565,
openings 212 pm.
square hole) on which not more than 5 Oh of the
sample is retained.
3.104 mineral matter: The inorganic material, ex-
cluding moisture but including water of constitution,
See also top size; upper size (3.191)
NOTE 39
in a solid mineral fuel.
3.114 off-line sample preparation: Sample prep-
NOTE 36 Mineral matter is calculated on a mass basis
aration performed manually or by mechanical
either from a direct determination at low temperature or
from the ash yield at high temperature.
equipment not integral with the mechanical sampi-
ing system.
3.105 mineral sulfur: The sum of the pyritic sulfur
and sulfate sulfiir in a solid mineral fuel. 3.115 on-line sample preparation: Sample prep-
aration by mechanical equipment integral with the
NOTE 37 For the purposes of this definition, elemental
sampling system.
sulfur and monosulfides, which may be present in certain
solid mineral fuels, are disregarded.
3.116 organic carbon; combustible carbon: The
carbon in the organic matter of a solid mineral fuel.
3.106 minerite: Collective term for intergrowths of
minerals with different macerals where the pro-
3.117 organic coal substance: That part of a coal
portion of the total mineral matter is more than
which contains all of the organically combined car-
60 Oh by volume or if more than 20 O/O by volume of
bon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
sulfide minerals are present.
3.118 organic hydrogen: The hydrogen in the or-
3.107 moist, ash-free basis: A means of expressing
ganic matter of a solid mineral fuel,
an analytical result based on a hypothetical con-
dition in which the solid mineral fuel is considered
3.119 organic sulfur: The sulfur which is bound in
to be ash-free but with a moisture content equal to
the organic matter of a solid mineral fuel.
the moisture-holding capacity.
3.120 outlier: A result which appears to be in dis-
3.108 moist, mineral-matter-free basis: A means of
agreement with others from the same material and
expressing an analytical result based on a hy-
which arouses suspicion that there has been a mis-
pothetical condition in which the solid mineral fuel
take in the sampling, sample preparation or analy-
is considered to be mineral-matter-free hut with a
sis.
moisture content equal to the moisture-holding ca-
pacity.
3.121 oxidizing atmosphere: A gaseous medium
consisting of oxygen, air, carbon dioxide, water va-
3'109 moisture-holding capacity: The moisture pour or a mixture of these, irrespective of the pro-
content of a solid mineral fuel in equilibrium with an
portions used,
atmosphere of 96 relative humidity at a tempera-
ture of 30 OC determined under specified conditions.
3.122 oxyreactivity: The rate of reaction of a solid
mineral fuel with oxygen under specified conditions.
3.110 moisture in air-dried sample: The moisture in
the solid mineral fuel sample after it has attained
3.123 Partial sample: A sample representative of a
approximate equilibrium with the atmosphere to
part of the whole sampling unit, constituted in order
which it is exiJosed.
to prepare laboratory samples or test samples.
3.111 moisture in the general analysis sample: The
NOTE 4o A partial sample may be obtained by combin-
moisture content of the general analysis sample of a
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 1213-2:1998
01-februar-1998
7UGQDIRVLOQDJRULYD6ORYDUGHO 6WURNRYQLL]UD]L]DY]RUþHQMHSUHVNXãDQMHLQ
DQDOL]H
Solid mineral fuels -- Vocabulary -- Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and
analysis
Combustibles minéraux solides -- Vocabulaire -- Partie 2: Termes relatifs à
l'échantillonnage, l'essai et l'analyse du charbon
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 1213-2:1992
ICS:
01.040.75 Naftna in sorodna tehnologija Petroleum and related
(Slovarji) technologies (Vocabularies)
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
SIST ISO 1213-2:1998 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 1213-2:1998
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 1213-2:1998
IS0
I NTE R NAT1 O NA L
121 312
STANDARD
First edition
1992-04-01
Solid mineral fuels - Vocabulary -
Part 2:
Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis
Combustibles minéraux solides - Vocabulaire -
Partie 2: Termes relatifs à l'échantillonnage, l'essai et l'analyse du
ch arb o n
~~
__-
Reference number
. . . . . . . . . . . . IS0 1213-2:1992(E)
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 1213-2:1998
IS0 1213-2:1992(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization,
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter-
national Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member
bodies casting a vote.
International Standard IS0 1213-2 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels.
It cancels and replaces IS0 Recommendations R 1213-2:1971 and
R 1213-3:1971, of which it constitutes a technical revision.
IS0 1213 consists of the following parts, under the general title Solid
mineral fuels - Vocabulary:
- Part I: Terms relating to coal preparation
- Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis
0 IS0 1992
Ail rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any fortn
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without
permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 CH-121 1 Genève 20 Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 1213-2:1998
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 1213-2:1992(E)
Solid mineral fuels - Vocabulary -
Part 2:
Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis
3.2 abrasion index: The total mass lost by the
1 Scope
abrasion of four carbon steel blades when rotated in
a specified mass of a solid mineral fuel under
This part of IS0 1213 defines terms commonly em-
specified conditions, expressed in milligrams of
ployed in the sampling, testing and analysis of solid
metal lost per kilogram of solid mineral fuel.
mineral fuels.
Alternative names are given for several terms: in
3.3 accuracy: The closeness of agreement between
some cases, however, the use of the alternative
an observation and the “true” value.
is deprecated (as indicated).
name
The accuracy of a result should not be confused
NOTE 1
An alphabetical index, with numerical cross-
with its precision.
reference is provided.
3.4 adventitious ash; extraneous ash (deprecated):
Ash arising from mineral matter associated with, but
2 Normative references
not inherent in. a solid mineral fuel.
The following standards contain provisions which,
3.5 air-dried basis: A means of expressing an ana-
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
lytical result based on the condition in which a solid
IS0 1213. At the time of publication,
of this part of
mineral fuel is in equilibrium with atmospheric hu-
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
midity.
subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
on this part of IS0 1213 are encouraged to investi-
The solid mineral fuel in this state is composed
NOTE 2
gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi-
of residual moisture, mineral matter and organic matter.
tions of the standards indicated below. Members of
IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid In-
3.6 anthracite: Coal of high rank, with a low volatile
ternational Standards.
matter content and a semi-metallic lustre, and which
does not soften or swell when heated.
IS0 565:1990, Test sieves - Metal wire cloth, per-
forated metal plate and electroformed sheet - Nom-
3.7 apparent relative density: The ratio of the mass
inal sizes of openings.
of a dry solid mineral fuel to the mass of a volume
of water equal to the apparent volume of the solid
IS0 3310-1 : 1990, Test sieves - Technical require-
mineral fuel at a specified temperature.
ments and testing - Part 1: Test sieves ofmetal wire
cloth.
NOTE 3 The apparent relative density should not be
confused with the bulk density (see 3.21).
3 Terms and definitions
3.8 ash: The residue obtained by incineration of a
solid mineral fuel under specified conditions.
3.1 abrasion: Loss of material from particle sur-
faces of a solid mineral fuel, or from other surfaces
3.9 ash analysis: The analysis of ash for its el-
in contact with the particles, caused by friction be-
emental composition.
tween contacting surfaces.
1
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SIST ISO 1213-2:1998
IS0 121 3-2A 992(E)
NOTE 4 The elements usually determined are silicon,
tribution curve of a material, i.e. the largest sieve
aluminium, iron, magnesium, titanium, calcium, sodium,
95 of the material is retained.
size on which
potassium, phosphorus and sulfur, and these are usually
expressed as oxides.
3.18 breakage: Particle size reduction resulting
from impact and/or compression.
3.10 ash fusibility: Characteristic physical state of
the ash obtained by heating under specified con-
3.19 breeze: The undersize after separating the
ditions.
smallest size of graded coke.
NOTES
Breeze is usually less than 10 mm in size.
NOTE 12
5 Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidizing or
reducing conditions. 3.20 brown coal and lignite: Coals of low rank
characterized by high inherent moisture, high vol-
6 See also deformation interval (3.43), deformation tern-
atile ,natter and low calorific value,
perature (3.44), flow temperature (3.58), hemisphere tem-
perature (3.76) and melting interval (3.100).
NOTE 13 In some countries the terms are used to de-
scribe all low rank coals up to bituniinous coals. In other
ash viscosity: A measure Of the resistance to
3*11
countries the coals at the higher end of the range are re-
flow of ash in the fused state.
ferred to as sub-bituminous coals.
3.12 base/acid ratio: The ratio of the mass of basic 3.21 bulk density: mass of a of a solid
oxides [iron(lll) oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium
mineral fuel divided by the volume of the container
oxide, disodium oxide and dipotassium oxide] to the which is filled by that portion under specified con-
mass of acidic oxides [silica, aluminium oxide and dit ions,
titanium (IV) oxide] in ash.
3.22 carbominerite: Collective term for inter-
This ratio can be used in the determination of
NOTE 7
growths of minerals and macerals.
the fouling factor and the slagging factor.
NOTE 14 The various types of carbominerite with their
3.13 batch: A quantity of a solid mineral fuel pro-
compositions are given in table ,,
duced at one time under relativelv uniform con-
dit ion s,
Table 1 - Types and compositions of
3.14 bias: A systematic error which leads to results
carbominerite
which are persistently higher or persistently lower
I I I
Volume percentage of
than the "true" value.
Type minerals
I I
3.15 bituminous coal: A general descriptive term
Carbargilite 20 to 60, clay minerals
for coal of rank between anthracite and brown
5 to 20, sulfides
Car bopy ri te
coa//lignite.
Carbankerite 20 to 60, carbonates
NOTES
Carbosilicite 20 to 60, quartz
Carbopol yminerite') 20 to 60, various minerals
8 The vitrinites in all coals in the bituminous range melt
and form a coke when the coal is heated above 400 "C in
1) The term is used also for carbopolyminerite containing a
the absence of air.
maximum of 5 Yo of mineral matter, provided that sulfides
form a substantial part of the mineral matter.
9 In some countries coals of rank immediately below that
of bituminous coal are referred to as sub-bituminous
coals.
3.23 carbon in mineral matter: The carbon in the
mineral matter carbonates of a solid mineral fuel.
3.16 blast furnace coke: Strong, large coke for use
in blast furnaces.
3.24 carboxyreactivity: The rate of reaction of a
NOTES
solid mineral fuel with carbon dioxide under speci-
fied conditions.
10 Blast furnace coke is generally produced from blends
of bituminous coals, which may incorporate additives.
3.25 char: The solid, partially or non-agglomerated
carbonaceous material produced by the pyrolysis of
11 Blast furnace coke usually has a low reactivity to
solid mineral fuels,
carbon dioxide.
3.26 chute: An inclined trough for conveying solid
3.17 bottom size; lower size: The size correspond-
mineral fuel to a lower level,
ing to the 95 percentile on the cumulative size dis-
2
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SIST ISO 1213-2:1998
IS0 121 3-2:1992( E)
flattened into a uniform circular layer and divided
3.27 clinkering: The aggregation of particles of ash
into four equal portions by cuts at right angles, one
after it has melted during the course of combustion
pair of opposite quarters being retained while the
of a solid mineral fuel or during gasification.
other pair is rejected.
NOTE 15 The aggregated particles may include small
amounts of unburnt solid mineral fuel.
3.37 constant mass division: The method of in-
crement or sample division in which the portions
3.28 coal: Combustible sedimentary rock formed
retained from individual increments, partial samples
from altered plant remains consolidated under
or gross samples are of uniform mass.
superimposed strata.
3.38 continuous sampling: The taking of a sample
NOTE 16 The characteristics of different coals are due
from every unit of the solid mineral fuel being han-
to differences in source plant material, in the conditions
dled.
and the degree of change that the material has undergone
in its geological history, and in the range of impurities
present, Coals can be characterized macroscopically by 3.39 correlation coefficient: A measure of the de-
their lithotype composition and microscopically by their
gree of correlation between the members of paired
maceral and microlithotype compositions.
sets.
3.29 coalification: Process by which sedimented
3.40 crucible swelling number: The number which
compacted plant remains are transformed into coal.
defines, by reference to a series of standard profiles,
the size and shape of the residue obtained when a
NOTE 17 This process is characterized by an increase
specified mass of coal is heated in a covered
in the carbon content in the plant remains and a decrease
crucible under specified conditions.
in the volatile matter yield from the plant remains. As
coalification proceeds, the reflectances of the macerals
3.41 crush (to): To reduce the particle size of a
tend to increase. Vitrinite is used as a reference material
for the determination of the rank of coal because its sample to produce mainly coarse particles.
reflectance increases uniformly with the extent of
coalification.
NOTE 19 See also to grind (3.70).
3.30 coefficient of variation: The standard devi-
3.42 cut coke: Screened coke from which the over-
ation, s, expressed as a percentage of the absolute
size has been reduced by mechanical means and
value of the arithmetic mean, 1x1
rescreened.
S
v=-x 100
3.43 deformation interval; softening interval: The
1x1
interval between the deformation temperature and
hemisphere temperature.
the
NOTE 18 This term is usually designated as v
3.44 deformation temperature: The temperature at
3.31 coke: The solid, agglomerated carbonaceous
which deformation of a test piece prepared from
residue produced by the pyrolysis of coal in the ab-
ash, by a specified procedure, occurs.
sence of air.
takes the following
NOTE 20 The deformation observed
3.32 combustible matter: Theoretical state of a
forms:
mineral
solid mineral fuel without moisture and
matter other than pyritic sulfur and siilfidic sulfur.
a) when using cylindrical (or cubicoidal) test pieces, a
change of the surface and the rounding of the edges
3.33 combustible sulfur: The sulfur which reacts at the rim or corner;
with oxygen when a solid mineral fuel is burnt under
specified control I ed conditions.
b) when using pyramidal test pieces, the rounding of the
tip of the test piece.
3.34 common sample: A sample collected for more
3.45 dilatation: A measure of the volume change
than one intended use.
produced by heating a coal through its plastic range
under specified conditions.
3.35 complete seam profile sample for each
bench: Collective designation of the coal samples
3,46 dirt band; shale band (deprecated): A layer of
taken separately from each coal bench and band of
mineral matter lying parallel to the bedding plane in
the tested seam or a part of it which is a section of
of coal.
a thick seam. a seam
3.36 coning and quartering: An operation in which 3.47 divided increment: The part obtained from the
the thoroughly mixed material is piled into a conical division of the increment in order to decrease its
heap on a clean, dry, non-absorbent surface, then mass.
3
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SIST ISO 1213-2:1998
IS0 1213-2:1992(E)
NOTE 21 Such division may be done with or without
3.61 forms of sulfur: A collective term for the pyritic
prior size reduction.
sulfur, sulfate sulfur and organic sulfur in a solid
mineral fuel.
3.48 dry ash-free basis: A means of expressing an
analytical result based on a hypothetical condition NOTE 22 For the purposes of this definition, elemental
sulfur and monosulfides, which may be present in certain
in which the solid mineral fuel is considered to be
solid mineral fuels, are disregarded.
free from both moisture and ash.
3.62 fouling factor: A measure of the tendency of
3.49 dry basis: A means of expressing an analytical
deposits in the convective zone
ash to form sintered
result based on the condition in which the solid
of a furnace.
mineral fuel is free from moisture.
3.63 foundry coke: Very strong, very large, dense
3.50 dry mineral-matter-free basis: A means of ex-
coke for use in foiindry cupola furnaces
pressing an analytical result based on a hypothetical
condition in which the solid mineral fuel is consid-
NOTE 23 It is prepared in coke ovens from selected
ered to be free from both moisture and mineral
coking coal blends, and may incorporate additives.
matter.
3.64 free moisture: The moisture which is lost by
3.51 duplicate determination: The determination of
the solid mineral fuel sample in attaining approxi-
a characteristic on two portions of the same test
mate equilibrium with the atmosphere to which it is
sample carried out by the same operator using the
exposed.
same apparatus but at different times.
3.65 gas coke: Coke usually made from high vol-
3.52 duplicate sampling: A particular case of repli-
atile bituminous coal at high temperature in gas-
cate sampling with only two replicate samples.
making carbonization plants.
3.53 error: The difference between the observation
3.66 general analysis: The determination of the
and the "true" value, which can be designated sys-
chemical and physical characteristics of a solid
tematic (bias) or random.
mineral fuel, other than the determination of tofal
moisture.
3.54 falling stream: A stream of solid mineral fuel
in free fall, for example from the end of a conveyor. 3.67 general analysis test sample: A sample,
crushed to pass a sieve, of nominal size of openings
212 pm, complying with IS0 3310-1, used for the de-
3.55 fixed carbon: The remainder after the per-
termination of most physical and chemical charac-
centages of the moisture, ash and volatile matter are
teristics of a solid mineral fuel.
subtracted from 100.
3.68 graded coke: Coke which has been screened
3.56 fixed rate division: The method of increment
between two specified sizes.
or sample division in which the portions retained
from individual increments, partial samples or gross
have a mass proportional to the mass of the 3.69 Gray-King coke type: The type, denoted by a
samples
increment, partial sample or gross sample.
letter, with a subscript in certain cases, which de-
fines, by reference to a series of standard profiles,
the size, strength and texture of the coke residue
3.57 fixed sulfur: The sulfur which is present in the
obtained when a specified mass of coal is heated in
solid residue (non-volatile), after the pyrolysis of a
a retort tube under specified conditions.
solid mineral fuel at a particular temperature.
3.70 grind (to); mill (to) (deprecated): To reduce the
3.58 flow temperature: The temperature at which a
particle size of a sample to prodiice fine particles.
test piece, prepared from ash by a specified pro-
cedure, loses its profile and flows to the extent that
NOTE 24 See also to crush (3.41)
its height is one third of its height at the hemisphere
temp era ture.
3.71 gross calorific value at constant volume: The
amount of heat liberated per unit mass of a solid
3.59 fluidity: A measure of the viscosity of a coal in
in oxygen saturated
mineral fuel when it is burned
its plastic state determined under specified con-
with water vapour in a bomb calorimeter under
ditions.
specified conditions.
3.60 formed coke: Coke specially prepared from
NOTE 25 The gross calorific value at constant volume
coal by processes involving the compaction of par-
is the negative value of the gross specific energy of com-
ticles into a regularly shaped artifact. bustion.
4
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SIST ISO 1213-2:1998
IS0 121 3-2A 992( E)
3.84 inerts (inorganic): Constituents of a solid min-
3.72 gross sample: The quantity of a solid mineral
eral fuel which decrease its efficiency in a specific
fuel consisting of all the increments or parfial sam-
use.
ples taken from a sampling unit, either in the con-
dition as taken or after the increments have been
individually reduced and/or divided.
3.85 inerts (organic): The maceral components of a
coal which do not soften or swell during the process
3.73 hand placing: The operation by which an at-
of carbonization.
tempt is made to pass each particle of solid mineral
fuel through a stationary sieve by presenting it to the
3.86 inherent ash: Ash arising from mineral matfer
sieve in all possible orientations but without the use
present in the original plant material from which the
of force.
solid mineral fuel was formed and from mineral
matter incorporated intimately in the solid mineral
3.74 hand shaking; manual shaking: The operation
fuel during the coalification process.
in which a sieve is held in the hands and is given a
g e n t I e ho riz0 n t a I osc i I I a tory mot ion .
3.87 intermittent sampling: The taking of a sample
from only certain units of the solid mineral fuel being
3.75 Hardgrove grindability index: A measure of the
handled.
grindability of a coal determined by testing a spe-
cially prepared sample in standard apparatus.
3.88 lrsid indices: The percentages of a specially
prepared sample of coke remaining on a test sieve
3.76 hemisphere temperature: The temperature at
of 40 mm nominal size of openings (round hole) and
which the height of a test piece, prepared from ash
passing a test sieve of 10 mm nominal size of
by a specified procedure, is equal to half the width
openings (round hole), denoted by arid re-
of the base, and its shape becomes approximately
to
spectively, after the sample has been subjected
is p herical.
hem
500 revolutions by a specified procedure in a rotat-
ing drum.
3.77 high temperature coke: The solid, agglomer-
ated carbonaceous residue of the pyrolysis of coal
NOTE 27 Other indices, for example I*,,, may be re-
at temperatures above 850 "C.
ported in addition to, or in place of, 140 if required.
3.78 humic acids: A group of complex organic,
3.89 laboratory sample: A sample prepared from
amorphous compounds of high relative molecular
the gross or partial sample as delivered to the lab-
mass which occur as free acids and as metal salts
oratory and from which further samples are pre-
(humates) .
pared for test purposes.
3.79 hydrogen in mineral matter: The hydrogen in
3.90 large coal: Coal above a specified lower limit-
the water of constitution in the mineral matter of a
ing size, without any upper size limit.
solid mineral fuel.
3.91 large coke: Coke with lower size of 20 mm and
3.80 hydroreactivity: The rate of reaction of a solid
above! with or without upper size limit.
mineral fuel with water vapour under specified con-
ditions.
3.92 lot: A discrete quantity of a solid mineral fuel
for which the overall quality needs to be determined.
3,81 hygroscopic moisture of brown coals and
lignites: The part of total moisture which is retained
3.93 low temperature coke: The solid, agglomer-
by a brown coal or lignite after exposing it to the
ated carbonaceous residue of the pyrolysis of coal
atmosphere and allowing it to attain a constant
at a temperature between 500 OC and 850 OC.
mass, at 20 "C 2 2 OC and (70 h 5) Oh relative hu-
midity.
3.94 lump section: A piece of solid mineral fuel of
size suitable for polishing and examination under
3.82 ignition temperature: The minimum tempera-
the microscope.
ture at which a solid mineral fuel liberates enough
volatile matter to form! together with the surround-
NOTE 28 One face of the lump section, usually that
ing atmosphere, a flammable mixture.
perpendicular to the bedding plane, is ground and pol-
ished.
3.83 increment: A portion of a solid mineral fuel
collected in a single operation of the sampling in-
3.95 maceral: Microscopically recognizable or-
strument.
to the minerals
ganic constituent of coal analogous
of inorganic rocks, but differing from them in that a
NOTE 26 For some types of sampling instrument, a
maceral has no characteristic crystal form and is not
single operation consists of a double pass (back and forth)
through the stream. constant in chemical composition.
5
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST ISO 1213-2:1998
IS0 1213-2:1992(E)
NOTES NOTE 32 Each increment or divided increment consti-
tuting the partial sample or the gross sample should be
29 The macerals are distinguished from one another,
of almost uniform mass.
microscopically on the basis of their differences in such
properties as reflectance, colour, morphology, size and
3.98 maximum reflectance: Highest value of
hardness. They originate from the remains of different
reflectance obtained when any polished section of a
tissues of plants and their physical and chemical proper-
particle or lump of coal is rotated in its own plane in
ties change as coalification proceeds.
linearly polarized light.
30 The classification of the macerals in bituminous coal
and anthracite is given in table2.
mean size: The weighted average particle size
3.99
of any sample.
3.96 maceral group: Collective term for macerals
3.100 melting interval: The interval between the
having broadly similar properties in a single coal of
hemisphere temperature and the flow temperature.
specific rank.
3.101 microlithotype: Naturally occurring rnaceral
NOTE 31 Three maceral groups are recognized: vitrinite
or association of macerals with a minimum band
(huminite in brown coal), liptinite and inertinite. The
width of 50 ym.
maceral groups in bituminous coal and anthracite, and
their subdivisions, are given in table2.
NOTES
33 Microlithotypes are classified in one of three catego-
ries, namely monomaceral, bimaceral and trimaceral
Table 2 - Maceral groups in bituminous coal and
microlithotypes, according to whether they contain sig-
anthracite and their subdivisions
nificant proportions of maceralç of one, two or three
maceral groups. For the bimaceral and trimaceral
Maceral group Maceral Submaceral
microlithotypes, the proportion of an individual maceral
group is more than 5 % by volume in each case.
Vitrinite Telinite Telinite 1
Teiinite 2
microlithotypes in
34 The classification of the main
bituminous coal and anthracite and their maceral group
Coliinite Teiocol i i nite
compositions are given in table3
Gelocollinite
Oesmocoliinite
Corpocoliinite Table 3 - Classification of the main
microlithotypes in bituminous coal and anthracite
Vitrodetrinite
Maceral-group composition
Li pti ni te') S pori n i t e
Microli thotype
(Total > 95 % by voiume, minerai-free
Cutinite
basis)
Resinite
Monomaceral
Çuberinite2)
Alginite
Vit r i nite
Vi tr i te
Liptodetrinite
Li pti ni te
Liptite
Bituminite
inertite lnertinite
Micrinite
lnertinite
Macrinite
Bimaceral
Semifusinite
Fuslnite Pyrofusinite
Clarite Vitrinite + Liptinite
Degradofusinite
inertinite + Liptinite
Ourite
Sclerotinite
Vitrinertite Vitrinite + inertinite
lnertodetrinite
Trimacerai
1) This maceral group has also been referred to as exinite
but the use of this term is now deprecated.
Vitrinite + Liptinite + lnertinite
Trimacerite
2) Occurs in post-carboniferous bituminous coals.
3.102 Micum indices: The percentages of a spe-
cially prepared sample of coke remaining on a test
3.97 mass basis sampling: The taking of increments
sieve of 40 mm nominal size of openings (round
in uniform mass intervals throughout the sampling
hole) and passing a test sieve of 'IO mm nominal
unit.
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST ISO 1213-2:1998
IS0 1213-2:1992(E)
size of openings (round hole), denoted by M,, and 3.112 net calorific value at constant volume: The
M,, respectively, after the sample has been sub- gross calorific value at constant volume less the la-
jected to 100 revolutions by a specified procedure in tent heat of evaporation of the water originally con-
a rotating drum. tained in the fuel and that formed during its
combustion.
NOTE 35 Other indices, e,g. M,,, M,,, may be reported
if required. at constant volume is
NOTE 38 The net calorific value
the negative value of the net specific energy of corn-
bustion.
3.103 milled coke: Coke reduced in size by grinding
(milling) so that a high proportion will pass a fine
3.113 nominal top size: The smallest sieve in the
sieve, for example a sieve of nominal size of
range included in the R 20 series (see IS0 565,
openings 212 pm.
square hole) on which not more than 5 Oh of the
sample is retained.
3.104 mineral matter: The inorganic material, ex-
cluding moisture but including water of constitution,
See also top size; upper size (3.191)
NOTE 39
in a solid mineral fuel.
3.114 off-line sample preparation: Sample prep-
NOTE 36 Mineral matter is calculated on a mass basis
aration performed manually or by mechanical
either from a direct determination at low temperature or
from the ash yield at high temperature.
equipment not integral with the mechanical sampi-
ing system.
3.105 mineral sulfur: The sum of the pyritic sulfur
and sulfate sulfiir in a solid mineral fuel. 3.115 on-line sample preparation: Sample prep-
aration by mechanical equipment integral with the
NOTE 37 For the purposes of this definition, elemental
sampling system.
sulfur and monosulfides, which may be present in certain
solid mineral fuels, are disregarded.
3.116 organic carbon; combustible carbon: The
carbon in the organic matter of a solid mineral fuel.
3.106 minerite: Collective term for intergrowths of
minerals with different macerals where the pro-
3.117 organic coal substance: That part of a coal
portion of the total mineral matter is more than
which contains all of the organically combined car-
60 Oh by volume or if more than 20 O/O by volume of
bon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
sulfide minerals are present.
3.118 organic hydrogen: The hydrogen in the or-
3.107 moist, ash-free basis: A means of expressing
ganic matter of a solid mineral fuel,
an analytical result based on a hypothetical con-
dition in which the solid mineral fuel is considered
3.119 organic sulfur: The sulfur which is bound in
to be ash-free but with a moisture content equal to
the organic matter of a solid mineral fuel.
the moisture-holding capacity.
3.120 outlier: A result which appears to be in dis-
3.108 moist, mineral-matter-free basis: A means of
agreement with others from the same material and
expressing an analytical result based on a hy-
which arouses suspicion that there has been a mis-
pothetical condition in which the solid mineral fuel
take in the sampling, sample preparation or analy-
is considered to be mineral-matter-free hut w
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 1213-2
Première édition
1992-04-01
Combustibles minéraux solides —
Vocabulaire —
Partie 2:
Termes relatifs à l'échantillonnage,
l'essai et l'analyse du charbon
Solid mineral fuels — Vocabulary —
Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis
Numéro de référence
ISO 1213-2:1992(F)
©
ISO 1992
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 1213-2:1992(F)
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© ISO 1992
La reproduction des termes et des définitions contenus dans la présente Norme internationale est autorisée dans les manuels
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ii © ISO 1992 — Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 1213-2:1992(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres
pour vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des
comités membres votants.
La Norme internationale ISO 1213-2 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 27, Combustibles
minéraux solides.
Cette édition annule et remplace les Recommandations ISO R1213-2:1971 et R 1213-3:1971 dont elle
constitue une révision technique.
L'ISO 1213 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Combustibles minéraux
solides — Vocabulaire:
Partie 1: Termes relatifs à la préparation du charbon
Partie 2: Termes relatifs à l'échantillonnage, l'essai et l'analyse du charbon
© ISO 1992 — Tous droits réservés iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 1213-2:1992(F)
Combustibles minéraux solides — Vocabulaire —
Partie 2:
Termes relatifs à l'échantillonnage, l'essai et l'analyse
du charbon
1 Domaine d'application
La présente partie de I'ISO 1213 définit des termes communément employés dans l'échantillonnage, l'essai et
l'analyse des combustibles minéraux solides.
Pour certains termes, différentes désignations sont proposées, dans certains cas toutefois, l'utilisation des
autres désignations est déconseillée (comme indiqué).
Un index alphabétique est prévu avec référence croisée.
2 Références normatives
Les documents normatifs suivants contiennent des dispositions qui, par suite de la référence qui y est faite,
constituent des dispositions valables pour la présente partie de l'ISO 1213. Pour les références datées, les
amendements ultérieurs ou les révisions de ces publications ne s'appliquent pas. Toutefois, les parties
prenantes aux accords fondés sur la présente partie de l'ISO 1213 sont invitées à rechercher la possibilité
d'appliquer les éditions les plus récentes des documents normatifs indiqués ci-après. Pour les références non
datées, la dernière édition du document normatif en référence s'applique. Les membres de l'ISO et de la CEI
possèdent le registre des Normes internationales en vigueur.
ISO 565:1990, Tamis de contrôle — Tissus métalliques, tôles métalliques perforées et feuilles
électroformées — Dimensions nominales des ouvertures
ISO 3310-1:1990, Tamis de contrôle — Exigences techniques et vérifications — Partie 1: Tamis de contrôle
en tissus métalliques
3 Termes et définitions
3.1
abrasion
perte de matière des surfaces de particule d'un combustible minéral solide, ou d'autres surfaces en contact
avec les particules, résultant du frottement des surfaces en contact
3.2
indice de résistance à l'abrasion
masse totale perdue par l'abrasion de quatre lames d'acier au carbone mises en rotation dans une masse
définie de combustible minéral solide dans des conditions spécifiées, exprimée en milligrammes de métal
perdu par kilogramme de combustible minéral solide.
3.3
justesse
étroitesse de l'accord entre une observation et la valeur «exacte».
NOTE 1 Il convient de ne pas confondre la justesse d'un résultat avec sa fidélité.
© ISO 1992 — Tous droits réservés 1
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ISO 1213-2:1992(F)
3.4
cendres adventives
cendres parasites (déconseillé)
cendres résultant de la matière minérale associées au combustible minéral solide, sans toutefois y être
intégrée
3.5
séché à l'air
expression d'un résultat d'analyse fondé sur la condition selon laquelle le combustible minéral solide est en
équilibre avec l'humidité de l'air
NOTE 2 Dans cet état, le combustible minéral solide est composé d'humidité résiduelle, de matières minérales et
organiques.
3.6
anthracite
charbon de rang élevé, de faible teneur en matière volatile et d'un éclat presque métallique, qui ne ramollit ni
ne gonfle lorsqu'il est chauffé
3.7
densité relative apparente
rapport entre la masse d'un combustible minéral solide sec et la masse d'un volume d'eau égal au volume
apparent du combustible minéral solide à une température spécifiée
NOTE 3 Il convient de ne pas confondre la densité relative apparente avec la masse volumique apparente (voir 3.21).
3.8
cendres
résidu obtenu par incinération du combustible minéral solide dans des conditions déterminées
3.9
analyse des cendres
analyse de la composition élémentaire des cendres
NOTE 4 Les éléments généralement déterminés sont le silicium, l'aluminium, le fer, le magnésium, le titane, le calcium,
le sodium, le potassium, le phosphore et le soufre, qui sont généralement exprimés comme des oxydes.
3.10
fusibilité des cendres
état physique caractéristique des cendres, obtenu par chauffage dans des conditions déterminées
NOTE 5 La fusibilité des cendres est déterminée dans des conditions oxydantes ou réductrices.
NOTE 6 Voir aussi intervalle de ramollissement (3.43), température de ramollissement (3.44), température de
fluidification (3.58), température de goutte (3.76) et intervalle de fusion (3.100).
3.11
viscosité des cendres
mesure de la résistance à l'écoulement des cendres à l'état de fusion
3.12
rapport base/acide
rapport de la masse des oxydes basiques [oxyde de fer (lll), oxyde de calcium, oxyde de magnésium, oxyde
de disodium et oxyde de dipotassium] à la masse des oxydes acides [silice, oxyde d'aluminium et oxyde de
titane (IV)] des cendres
NOTE 7 Ce rapport peut être utilisé pour déterminer le facteur d'encrassement et le facteur de scorification.
3.13
lot
quantité de combustible minéral solide produite en une seule fois dans des conditions d'uniformité relative
2 © ISO 1992 — Tous droits réservés
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ISO 1213-2:1992(F)
3.14
erreur systématique
erreur systématique conduisant à des résultats constamment supérieur ou inférieur à la valeur «exacte»
3.15
charbon bitumineux
terme général désignant le charbon de rang, classé entre l'anthracite et le charbon brun/lignite
NOTE 8 La vitrinite de tous les charbons de classe bitumineux fond et forme du coke quand le charbon est chauffé à
plus de 400°C sans air.
NOTE 9 Dans certains pays, les charbons de rang immédiatement inférieur à celui du charbon bitumineux sont
désignés charbons subbitumineux.
3.16
coke métallurgique
coke en morceaux relativement gros utilisé dans les hauts fourneaux
NOTE 10 Le coke métallurgique est généralement produit à partir de mélanges de charbons bitumineux pouvant
comporter des additifs.
NOTE 11 Le coke métallurgique présente généralement une faible réactivité au dioxyde de carbone.
3.17
dimension inférieure
dimension correspondant au 95 percentile sur la courbe de granulométrie cumulative d'un matériau,
c'est-à-dire la dimension au-dessus de laquelle 95 % du matériau est retenu
3.18
fragmentation
diminution de la taille des particules (comminution des particules) résultant d'un choc et/ou d'une compression
3.19
poussier
tamisat restant après séparation de la dimension la plus petite du coke calibré
NOTE 12 La dimension du poussier est généralement inférieure à 10 mm.
3.20
charbon brun
lignite
charbons de rang bas caractérisés par une forte teneur en eau, en matière volatile et un pouvoir calorifique
inférieur
NOTE 13 Dans certains pays, ces termes désignent tous les charbons de rang bas y compris les charbons bitumineux.
Dans d'autres pays, les charbons de rang élevé sont désignés charbons subbitumineux.
3.21
masse volumique apparente
masse d'une fraction de combustible minéral solide, divisée par le volume du conteneur rempli de cette
fraction dans des conditions spécifiées
3.22
carbominérite
association de divers minéraux et de matières macérales
NOTE 14 Les différents types de carbominérite et leur composition sont indiqués dans le Tableau 1.
© ISO 1992 — Tous droits réservés 3
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ISO 1213-2:1992(F)
Tableau 1 — Types et compositions de carbominérite
Type Volume en pourcentage de minéraux
Carbargilite 20 à 60, minéraux argileux
Carbopyrite 5 à 20, sulfures
Carbankérite 20 à 60, carbonates
Carbosilicite 20 à 60, quartz
1)
Carbopolyminérite 20 à 60, minéraux divers
1) Terme également utilisé pour la carbopolyminérite contenant un maximum de 5 % de
matière minérale, sous réserve que les sulfures forment une partie substantielle de la matière
minérale.
3.23
carbone de matière minérale
carbone contenu dans les carbonates de matière minérale d'un combustible minéral solide
3.24
carboxyréactivité
vitesse de réaction d'un combustible minéral solide avec le dioxyde de carbone dans des conditions
spécifiées
3.25
produit de carbonisation
substance carbonée solide, partiellement ou non agglomérée, résultant de la pyrolyse des combustibles
minéraux solides
3.26
couloir
auge inclinée, destinée à transporter le combustible minéral solide à un niveau plus bas
3.27
clinkérisation
scorification
agrégation de particules de cendres après fusion obtenue au cours de la combustion d'un combustible
minéral solide ou au cours de la gazéification
NOTE 15 Les particules agrégées peuvent inclure de petites quantités de combustible minéral solide non brûlé.
3.28
charbon
roche sédimentaire combustible stratifiée, formée à partir de restes de végétation
NOTE 16 Les caractéristiques des variétés de charbons résultent des différentes origines des végétaux, des conditions
et des degrés de transformation qu'ils ont subis au cours des temps géologiques, et de l'étendue des impuretés présentes.
Les charbons peuvent être caractérisés par analyse macroscopique de leur composition de lithotype et par analyse
microscopique de leur composition de matière macérale et de microlithotype.
3.29
houillification
processus par lequel les restes de végétaux compacts sédimentaires sont transformés en charbon
NOTE 17 Le processus est caractérisé par une augmentation de la teneur en carbone dans les restes de végétaux et
une diminution du rendement des matières volatiles des restes de végétaux. Dans le processus de houillification, la
réflectance des matières macérales tend à augmenter. La vitrinite est utilisée comme matière de référence pour la
détermination du rang du charbon, en raison de l'augmentation uniforme de sa réflectance en fonction du degré
d'houillification.
4 © ISO 1992 — Tous droits réservés
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ISO 1213-2:1992(F)
3.30
coefficient de variation
écart-type s, exprimé en pourcentage de la valeur absolue de la moyenne arithmétique, x
s
v=×100
x
NOTE 18 Ce terme est habituellement désigné par ν.
3.31
coke
résidu solide, carboné et aggloméré, provenant de la pyrolyse du charbon en l'absence d'air
3.32
matière combustible
état théorique d'un combustible minéral solide, sans humidité et matière minérale autre que le soufre pyritique
et le soufre sulfuré
3.33
soufre combustible
soufre qui réagit à l'oxygène quand un combustible minéral solide est brûlé dans des conditions spécifiées
contrôlées
3.34
échantillon commun
échantillon prélevé pour plusieurs usages
3.35
échantillon de profil de couche complète pour chaque banc
ensemble des échantillons de charbon prélevés séparément de chaque banc de charbon et intercalation de la
couche en essai ou d'une partie constitutive d'une veine épaisse
3.36
méthode de quartage
opération au cours de laquelle le matériau homogène est tout d'abord mis en cône sur une surface sèche,
propre et non absorbante, puis étendu en couche uniforme circulaire et divisé en quatre parties égales par
découpage à angle droit. Deux quartiers opposés sont alors retenus pendant que les deux autres sont rejetés
3.37
division à masse constante
méthode de division d'un prélèvement élémentaire ou d'un échantillon dans laquelle les portions retenues à
partir de prélèvements élémentaires individuels, d'échantillons partiels ou d'échantillons globaux présentent
une masse uniforme
3.38
échantillonnage continu
prélèvement d'un échantilIon sur chaque unité de combustible minéral solide
3.39
coefficient de corrélation
mesure du degré de corrélation entre les membres d'ensembles appariés
3.40
indice de gonflement au creuset
indice qui définit, par référence à une série de profils types, la taille et la forme du résidu obtenu après
chauffage d'une masse spécifiée de charbon dans un creuset couvert dans des conditions déterminées
© ISO 1992 — Tous droits réservés 5
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ISO 1213-2:1992(F)
3.41
concasser
réduire la dimension (calibre) des particules de l'échantillon à l'état de particules grossières
NOTE 19 Voir également broyer (3.70).
3.42
coke réduit
coke criblé dont les déclassés supérieurs ont été réduits par des moyens mécaniques puis recriblés
3.43
intervalle de ramollissement
intervalle entre la température de ramollissement et la température de goutte
3.44
température de ramollissement
température à laquelle se produit le ramollissement d'une éprouvette de cendres préparée selon une méthode
spécifiée
NOTE 20 Le ramollissement observé prend les formes suivantes:
a) s'agissant d'éprouvettes cylindriques (ou cubiques), modification de la surface et arrondissement des bords à la
périphérie ou dans les coins;
b) s'agissant d'éprouvettes pyramidales, arrondissement de la pointe de l'éprouvette.
3.45
dilatation
modification de volume mesurée par rapport au domaine d'élasticité du charbon chauffé dans des conditions
déterminées
3.46
intercalation stérile
couche de matière minérale se trouvant dans une veine de charbon, parallèlement au plan de stratification
3.47
prélèvement élémentaire divisé
portion obtenue par la division d'un prélèvement élémentaire afin de réduire sa masse
NOTE 21 Ce type de division peut être réalisé avec ou sans réduction préalable des dimensions.
3.48
eau et cendres exclues
expression d'un résultat d'analyse fondé sur la condition hypothétique dans laquelle le combustible minéral
solide est considéré comme étant exempt d'humidité et de cendres
3.49
eau exclue
expression d'un résultat d'analyse fondé sur la condition dans laquelle le combustible minéral solide est
exempt d'humidité
3.50
eau et matières minérales exclues
expression d'un résultat d'analyse fondé sur la condition hypothétique dans laquelle le combustible minéral
solide est considéré comme étant exempt d'eau et de matières minérales
3.51
détermination en double
détermination d'une caractéristique sur deux parties d'un même échantillon d'essai, effectuée par le même
opérateur utilisant le même appareillage mais à différents moments
6 © ISO 1992 — Tous droits réservés
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ISO 1213-2:1992(F)
3.52
échantillonnage dédoublé
cas particulier d'échantillonnage subdivisé avec seulement deux échantillons subdivisés
3.53
erreur
différence entre l'observation et la valeur «exacte», qui peut être qualifiée d'erreur systématique ou d'erreur
aléatoire
3.54
courant tombant en chute libre
courant de combustible minéral solide en chute libre, par exemple à partir de la fin d'un convoyeur
3.55
carbone fixe
pourcentage de carbone restant après élimination des pourcentages d'humidité, de cendres et de matières
volatiles
3.56
division à taux fixe
méthode de division d'un prélèvement élémentaire ou d'un échantillon dans laquelle les portions retenues à
partir des prélèvements élémentaires individuels, des échantillons partiels ou des échantillons globaux
présentent une masse proportionnelle à la masse de prélèvement élémentaire, de l'échantillon partiel ou de
l'échantillon global
3.57
soufre fixe
soufre présent dans le résidu solide (non volatil), après pyrolyse d'un combustible minéral solide à une
température particulière
3.58
température de fluidification
température à laquelle une éprouvette de cendres, préparée selon une méthode spécifiée, perd son profil et
se fluidifie jusqu'à représenter un tiers de sa hauteur à la température de goutte
3.59
fluidité
mesure de la viscosité d'un charbon à l'état plastique, déterminée dans des conditions spécifiées
3.60
coke moulé
coke préparé à partir de charbon par un procédé impliquant le compactage des particules en un artéfact de
forme réguliere
3.61
formes de soufre
ensemble des soufres pyritique, de sulfate et organique contenus dans un combustible minéral solide
NOTE 22 Pour les besoins de cette définition, ne sont pas pris en considération le soufre élémentaire et les
monosulfures susceptibles d'être présents dans certains combustibles minéraux solides.
3.62
facteur d'encrassement
mesure de la tendance des cendres à former des dépôts frittés dans la zone de convection d'un four
3.63
coke de fonderie
coke de grande dimension, très robuste et dense, destiné à être utilisé dans les cubilots de fonderie
© ISO 1992 — Tous droits réservés 7
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 1213-2:1992(F)
NOTE 23 Il est préparé dans des fours à coke à partir de mélanges de charbons cokéfiables et peut contenir des
additifs.
3.64
humidité libre
humidité qui est perdue par I'échantilIon de combustible minéral solide, au moment où elle atteint
approximativement l'équilibre avec l'air auquel est exposé cet échantillon
3.65
coke de gaz
coke provenant généralement de charbon bitumineux riche en matières volatiles dans les cornues à gaz à
températures élevées
3.66
analyse générale
détermination des caractéristiques chimiques et physiques du combustible minéral solide, sauf la
détermination de l'humidité totale
3.67
prise d'essai pour analyse générale
échantillon, broyé de manière à passer à travers un tamis dont les mailles présentent une dimension nominale
de 212 µm, conformément à la norme ISO 3310-1, et utilisé pour la détermination des principales
caractéristiques physiques et chimiques d'un combustible minéral solide
3.68
coke calibré
coke criblé entre deux dimensions spécifiées
3.69
type de coke de Gray-King
type, désigné par une lettre, avec un indice dans certains cas, qui, par référence à une série de profils types,
définit la taille, la résistance et la texture du résidu de coke obtenu lorsqu'une masse spécifiée de charbon est
chauffée dans une cuve-foyer dans des conditions spécifiées
3.70
broyer
réduire la dimension des particules d'un échantillon à l'état de particules fines
NOTE 24 Voir également concasser (3.41).
3.71
pouvoir calorifique supérieur à volume constant
quantité de chaleur dégagée lorsque l'unité de masse d'un combustible minéral solide est brûlée dans une
bombe calorimétrique dans de l'oxygène saturé avec de la vapeur d'eau dans des conditions spécifiées
NOTE 25 Le pouvoir calorifique supérieur à volume constant est la valeur négative du pouvoir calorifique supérieur de
combustion.
3.72
échantillon global
quantité de combustible minéral solide, constituée par tous les prélèvements élémentaires ou tous les
échantillons partiels prélevés à partir d’une unité à échantillonner soit à l'état brut, soit après réduction et/ou
broyage de chaque prélèvement élémentaire
3.73
présentation à la main
opération qui consiste à faire passer chaque particule de combustible minéral solide par un tamis immobile
dans toutes les orientations possibles et sans forcer
8 © ISO 1992 — Tous droits réservés
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ISO 1213-2:1992(F)
3.74
secouage à la main
opération qui consiste à imprimer un léger mouvement oscillatoire horizontal à un tamis que l'on tient avec les
mains
3.75
index de broyabilité de Hardgrove
mesure de la broyabilité d'un charbon, déterminée en analysant un échantillon préparé spécialement dans un
appareillage étalonné
3.76
température de goutte
température à laquelle la hauteur d'une éprouvette de cendres, préparée selon une méthode spécifiée, est
égale à la moitié de la largeur de la base, et sa forme devient approximativement hémisphérique
3.77
coke de haute température
résidu carboné aggloméré et solide de la pyrolyse du charbon à des températures supérieures à 850 °C
3.78
acides humiques
groupe de composés complexes organiques amorphes, de masse moléculaire relativement élevée, qui
interviennent comme acides libres et sels métalliques (humates)
3.79
hydrogène de matière minérale
hydrogène contenu dans l'eau de constitution de la matière minérale d'un combustible minéral solide
3.80
hydroréactivité
vitesse de réaction d'un combustible minéral solide avec la vapeur d'eau dans des conditions spécifiées
3.81
humidité hygroscopique des charbons bruns et lignites
partie de l'humidité totale retenue par le charbon brun, ou lignite, après exposition à l'atmosphère ambiante et
obtention d'une masse constante, à 20 °C ± 2 °C et (70 ± 5) % d'humidité relative
3.82
température d'inflammation
température minimale à laquelle un combustible minéral solide libère suffisamment de matière volatile pour
constituer, avec l'atmosphère ambiante, un mélange inflammable
3.83
prélèvement élémentaire
quantité de combustible minéral solide prélevée en une seule opération par un appareil à échantillonner
NOTE 26 Pour certains types d'appareils à échantillonner, une seule opération consiste en un double passage
(mouvement de va-et-vient) dans le courant.
3.84
inertes (inorganique)
éléments constitutifs d'un combustible minéral solide, qui diminuent son efficacité dans un emploi spécifique
3.85
inertes (organique)
composants de matière macérale d'un charbon, qui ne se ramollissent pas ou ne gonflent pas pendant le
processus de carbonisation
© ISO 1992 — Tous droits réservés 9
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ISO 1213-2:1992(F)
3.86
cendres de constitution
cendres provenant de la matière minérale présente dans la matière végétale d'origine, dont est issu le
combustible minéral solide et provenant des matières minérales intégrées dans le combustible minéral solide
pendant le processus de houillification
3.87
échantillonnage intermittent
prélèvement d'échantillons seulement sur certaines unités définies de combustible minéral solide
3.88
indices Irsid
pourcentage d'un échantillon de coke spécialement préparé, retenu par un tamis d'essai d'ouverture nominale
(maille ronde) de 40 mm et passant un tamis d'ouverture nominale (maille ronde) de 10 mm, noté
respectivement I et I , après avoir soumis l'échantillon à 500 rotations selon une méthode déterminée dans
40 10
un tambour rotatif
NOTE 27 D'autres indices, par exemple I , peuvent, si nécessaire, être indiqués en complément ou en remplacement
20
de I .
40
3.89
échantillon pour laboratoire
échantillon préparé à partir de l'échantillon global ou de l'échantillon partiel, tel que livré au laboratoire, et à
partir duquel des échantillons supplémentaires sont préparés en vue des essais
3.90
gaillette
charbon au-dessus d'une dimension limite inférieure spécifiée, mais sans aucune indication de dimension
limite supérieure
3.91
gros coke
coke de dimension inférieure égale ou supérieure à 20 mm, avec ou sans indication de dimension limite
supérieure
3.92
lot
quantité discrète de combustible minéral solide pour laquelle la qualité globale doit être déterminée
3.93
coke de basse température
résidus carbonés, agglomérés et solides, de la pyrolyse du charbon à des températures comprises entre
500 °C et 850 °C
3.94
section de bloc
morceau de combustible minéral solide, de taille permettant un polissage et un examen au microscope
NOTE 28 Une face de la section du bloc, habituellement celle qui est perpendiculaire au plan de stratification, est
meulée et polie.
3.95
matière macérale
constituant organique microscopique du charbon, analogue aux matières minérales des roches inorganiques,
mais qui en diffère par le fait qu'il n'a pas de forme cristalline caractéristique et ne présente pas une
composition chimique constante
NOTE 29 Les matières macérales peuvent être différenciées au microscope selon leurs différentes propriétés telles que
la réflectance, la couleur, la morphologie, la taille et la dureté. Elles proviennent des restes de différents tissus végétaux et
leurs propriétés physiques et chimiques varient en fonction du processus de houillification.
10 © ISO 1992 — Tous droits réservés
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ISO 1213-2:1992(F)
NOTE 30 La classification des matières macérales pour le charbon bitumineux et l'anthracite est donnée dans le
Tableau 2.
3.96
groupe de macéraux
terme collectif pour les macéraux présentant des propriétés globalement analogues et se trouvant dans un
charbon unique, de rang particulier
NOTE 31 Trois groupes de macéraux sont reconnus: la vitrinite (huminite dans le charbon brun), la liptinite et l'inertinite.
Les groupes de macéraux pour le charbon bitumineux et l'anthracite, et leurs subdivisions, sont donnés dans le Tableau 2.
Tableau 2 — Groupes de macéraux pour le charbon bitumineux et l'anthracite et leurs subdivisions
Groupe de macéraux Macéral Submacéral
Vitrinite Télinite Télinite 1
Télinite 2
Collinite Télocollinite
Gélocollinite
Desmocollinite
Corpocollinite
Vitrodétrinite
1)
Liptinite Sporinite
Cutinite
Résinite
2)
Subérinite
Alginite
Liptodétrinite
Bituminite
Inertinite Micrinite
Macrinite
Semifusinite
Fusinite Pyrofusinite
Dégradofusinite
Sclérotinite
Inertodétrinite
1)
Ce groupe de macéraux a également été appellé exinite, mais l'utilisation de ce terme est aujourd'hui déconseillée.
2)
Existe dans les charbons bitumineux postcarbonifères.
3.97
échantillonnage basé sur la masse
réalisation de prélèvements élémentaires dans l'unité à échantillonner à intervalles de masse réguliers
NOTE 32 Chaque prélèvement élémentaire ou prélèvement élémentaire divisé, constituant l'échantillon partiel ou
l'échantillon global, devrait généralement présenter une masse quasiment uniforme.
3.98
pouvoir réflecteur maximal
valeur maximale du pouvoir réflecteur, obtenue quand une section polie quelconque d'une particule ou d'un
bloc de charbon est mise en rotation dans son plan sous un faisceau de lumière à polarisation rectiligne
3.99
dimension moyenne
calibre des particules moyen pondéré d'un échantillon
3.100
intervalle de fusion
intervalle entre la température de goutte et la température de fluidification
© ISO 1992 — Tous droits réservés 11
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