IEC/TS 80004-9:2017
(Main)Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary — Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary — Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
IEC TS 80004-9: 2017(E) specifies terms and definitions for electrotechnical products and systems reliant on nanomaterials for their essential functionalities. It is intended to facilitate communications between organizations and individuals in industry and those who interact with them.
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulaire — Partie 9: Produits et systèmes électrotechniques nanotechnologiques
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IEC TS 80004-9
Edition 1.0 2017-01
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary –
Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
IEC TS 80004-9:2017-01(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The stand-alone application for consulting the entire The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, electrical terms containing 20 000 terms and definitions in
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other English and French, with equivalent terms in 15 additional
documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
iPad. Vocabulary (IEV) online.
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a 65 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
CISPR.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
details all new publications released. Available online and If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
also once a month by email. need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: csc@iec.ch.
IEC TS 80004-9
Edition 1.0 2017-01
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary –
Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 07.120 ISBN 978-2-8322-3765-6
– 2 – IEC TS 80004-9:2017 © IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
3.1 General terms related to nano-enabled electrotechnical products and
systems . 6
3.2 Terms related to nano-enabled photovoltaics and thin-film organic
electronics . 8
3.3 Terms related to luminescent nanomaterials . 9
Alphabetical index. 10
Bibliography . 11
IEC TS 80004-9:2017 © IEC 2017 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
NANOTECHNOLOGIES – VOCABULARY –
Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In
exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical
specification when
• the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
despite repeated efforts, or
• the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the
future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard.
Technical Specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards.
IEC TS 80004-9, which is a Technical Specification, has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 113: Nanotechnology for electrotechnical products and systems, in co-operation
with ISO technical committee 229: Nanotechnologies.
It is published as a double logo Technical Specification.
– 4 – IEC TS 80004-9:2017 © IEC 2017
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
113/315/DTS 113/335/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Specification can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table. In ISO, the Technical Specification has been
approved by 23 P members out of 37 having cast a vote.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the 80004 Technical Specification, published under the general title
Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• transformed into an International Standard,
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
IEC TS 80004-9:2017 © IEC 2017 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
Nanotechnology advances have profound implications in all branches of engineering and
science and have a noticeable impact on established industries by introducing technological
innovation. Within the electrotechnical industry, nanotechnologies play an important role as
regards the miniaturization and the integration of electronic components as well as the
fabrication of electrical devices with novel functionalities and improved performances.
There is a substantial investment in research that will bring development and wide diffusion of
new nanomaterials, devices and systems. Examples include nanoscale interconnects made
with carbon nanotube bundles and graphene nanoribbons to replace copper and overcome
physical and performance limits in integrated electronics. Carbon-based nanostructures are
promising for nanoscale transistors in post-silicon electronics, enabling higher integration and
faster switching speeds and lighting devices with more efficient and powerful electron
emission. Nanoscale sensors and nano-electromechanical systems are also being widely
investigated.
Recent progress in the synthesis of nanomaterials and composites with nanoscale phases
offers real opportunities for application in electrochemical systems-technology to obtain, for
example, more efficient and inexpensive fuel cells and nano-enabled lithium ion batteries with
extended capacity. High energy storage capacity, reaching and exceeding that of modern
batteries, is the target of new ultra-capacitors exploiting state-of-the-art nanotechnology.
Developments in solar cells via nanostructures are intended to reduce costs as well as
improve the conversion efficiency. The aforementioned products are just some
electrotechnical examples that exploit nanotechnologies and are in rapid and constant
evolution.
However, such a fast moving technology, as well as its high multidisciplinary nature, inevitably
generates a multiplicity of new scientific and technical terms often with ambiguous definitions.
The objective of this document is the compilation of a list of terms and definitions useful for
persons operating in the field of nanotechnologies and in the production of electrotechnical
products and systems.
– 6 – IEC TS 80004-9:2017 © IEC 2017
NANOTECHNOLOGIES – VOCABULARY –
Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
1 Scope
This document specifies terms and definitions for electrotechnical products and systems
reliant on nanomaterials for their essential functionalities. It is intended to facilitate
communications between organizations and individuals in industry and those who interact with
them.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 General terms related to nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
3.1.1
device
material element or assembly of such elements intended to perform a required function
Note 1 to entry: A device can form part of a larger device.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-11-20]
3.1.2
molecular electronics
field of science and technology concerned with the design and fabrication of electronic
devices using molecules as components
Note 1 to entry: Some molecules need to be functionalized in order to act as components.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-12:2016, 6.1]
3.1.3
nano-electromechanical system
NEMS
nanoscale device or embedded system involving one or more electronic and non-electronic
components enabling the integration of electric and mechanical functionality of the system
Note 1 to entry: The components can be organic, inorganic or hybrid nanotechnology-based and function on the
nanoscale for sensing, actuation, signal processing, display, or control of the interface.
Note 2 to entry: The components can be micro- or nano-machined to produce free surfaces and volumes which
will be able to couple with the environment so that an electric transduction of a physical, optical, chemical, or
biological phenomenon is produced.
3.1.4
nanoelectronics
field of science and technology concerned with the development and production of functional
electronic devices with nanoscale components
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-12:2016
...
IEC TS 80004-9
Edition 1.0 2017-01
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary –
Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
IEC TS 80004-9:2017-01(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The stand-alone application for consulting the entire The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, electrical terms containing 20 000 terms and definitions in
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other English and French, with equivalent terms in 15 additional
documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
iPad. Vocabulary (IEV) online.
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a 65 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
CISPR.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
details all new publications released. Available online and If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
also once a month by email. need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: csc@iec.ch.
IEC TS 80004-9
Edition 1.0 2017-01
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary –
Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 07.120 ISBN 978-2-8322-3765-6
– 2 – IEC TS 80004-9:2017 © IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
3.1 General terms related to nano-enabled electrotechnical products and
systems . 6
3.2 Terms related to nano-enabled photovoltaics and thin-film organic
electronics . 8
3.3 Terms related to luminescent nanomaterials . 9
Alphabetical index. 10
Bibliography . 11
IEC TS 80004-9:2017 © IEC 2017 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
NANOTECHNOLOGIES – VOCABULARY –
Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In
exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical
specification when
• the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
despite repeated efforts, or
• the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the
future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard.
Technical Specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards.
IEC TS 80004-9, which is a Technical Specification, has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 113: Nanotechnology for electrotechnical products and systems, in co-operation
with ISO technical committee 229: Nanotechnologies.
It is published as a double logo Technical Specification.
– 4 – IEC TS 80004-9:2017 © IEC 2017
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
113/315/DTS 113/335/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Specification can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table. In ISO, the Technical Specification has been
approved by 23 P members out of 37 having cast a vote.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the 80004 Technical Specification, published under the general title
Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• transformed into an International Standard,
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
IEC TS 80004-9:2017 © IEC 2017 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
Nanotechnology advances have profound implications in all branches of engineering and
science and have a noticeable impact on established industries by introducing technological
innovation. Within the electrotechnical industry, nanotechnologies play an important role as
regards the miniaturization and the integration of electronic components as well as the
fabrication of electrical devices with novel functionalities and improved performances.
There is a substantial investment in research that will bring development and wide diffusion of
new nanomaterials, devices and systems. Examples include nanoscale interconnects made
with carbon nanotube bundles and graphene nanoribbons to replace copper and overcome
physical and performance limits in integrated electronics. Carbon-based nanostructures are
promising for nanoscale transistors in post-silicon electronics, enabling higher integration and
faster switching speeds and lighting devices with more efficient and powerful electron
emission. Nanoscale sensors and nano-electromechanical systems are also being widely
investigated.
Recent progress in the synthesis of nanomaterials and composites with nanoscale phases
offers real opportunities for application in electrochemical systems-technology to obtain, for
example, more efficient and inexpensive fuel cells and nano-enabled lithium ion batteries with
extended capacity. High energy storage capacity, reaching and exceeding that of modern
batteries, is the target of new ultra-capacitors exploiting state-of-the-art nanotechnology.
Developments in solar cells via nanostructures are intended to reduce costs as well as
improve the conversion efficiency. The aforementioned products are just some
electrotechnical examples that exploit nanotechnologies and are in rapid and constant
evolution.
However, such a fast moving technology, as well as its high multidisciplinary nature, inevitably
generates a multiplicity of new scientific and technical terms often with ambiguous definitions.
The objective of this document is the compilation of a list of terms and definitions useful for
persons operating in the field of nanotechnologies and in the production of electrotechnical
products and systems.
– 6 – IEC TS 80004-9:2017 © IEC 2017
NANOTECHNOLOGIES – VOCABULARY –
Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
1 Scope
This document specifies terms and definitions for electrotechnical products and systems
reliant on nanomaterials for their essential functionalities. It is intended to facilitate
communications between organizations and individuals in industry and those who interact with
them.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 General terms related to nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
3.1.1
device
material element or assembly of such elements intended to perform a required function
Note 1 to entry: A device can form part of a larger device.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-11-20]
3.1.2
molecular electronics
field of science and technology concerned with the design and fabrication of electronic
devices using molecules as components
Note 1 to entry: Some molecules need to be functionalized in order to act as components.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-12:2016, 6.1]
3.1.3
nano-electromechanical system
NEMS
nanoscale device or embedded system involving one or more electronic and non-electronic
components enabling the integration of electric and mechanical functionality of the system
Note 1 to entry: The components can be organic, inorganic or hybrid nanotechnology-based and function on the
nanoscale for sensing, actuation, signal processing, display, or control of the interface.
Note 2 to entry: The components can be micro- or nano-machined to produce free surfaces and volumes which
will be able to couple with the environment so that an electric transduction of a physical, optical, chemical, or
biological phenomenon is produced.
3.1.4
nanoelectronics
field of science and technology concerned with the development and production of functional
electronic devices with nanoscale components
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-12:2016
...
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