SIST ISO 8217:2024
(Main)Products from petroleum, synthetic and renewable sources — Fuels (class F) — Specifications of marine fuels
Products from petroleum, synthetic and renewable sources — Fuels (class F) — Specifications of marine fuels
This document in its entirety defines the general requirements and specifications for fuels used in marine diesel engines and boilers, prior to onboard fuel handling (storage, settling, centrifuging, filtration, heating) before use.
For the purposes of this document, the term “fuels” comprises of the following:
— hydrocarbons from petroleum crude oil, oil sands and shale oil;
— synthetic hydrocarbons, renewable hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons from recycled sources, with molecular structures that are indistinguishable from petroleum hydrocarbons;
— fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), where permitted as specified in this document;
— blends of any of the above, where permitted as specified in this document.
The general requirements and specifications for fuels in this document can also be applied to fuels used in stationary diesel engines of the same or similar type as those used for marine purposes.
This document specifies seven categories of distillate fuels, one of which is for diesel engines used for emergency purposes. It also specifies four categories of residual fuels for sulfur content at or below 0,50 % by mass, five categories of residual fuels containing FAME and five categories of residual fuels for sulfur content exceeding 0,50 % by mass.
Produits d’origine pétrolière, synthétique ou renouvelable — Combustibles (classe F) — Spécifications des combustibles pour la marine
Le présent document, dans son intégralité, définit les exigences générales et les spécifications relatives aux combustibles utilisés dans les moteurs diesel et les chaudières des navires, avant toute opération conventionnelle à bord (stockage, décantation, centrifugation, filtration, chauffage) préalable à leur utilisation.
Pour les besoins du présent document, le terme «combustibles» est utilisé couramment pour désigner:
— les hydrocarbures provenant du pétrole brut, des sables bitumineux et du schiste;
— les hydrocarbures synthétiques, les hydrocarbures renouvelables ou les hydrocarbures provenant de sources recyclées, dont les structures moléculaires ne se distinguent pas de celles des hydrocarbures pétroliers;
— esters méthyliques d’acides gras (EMAG), lorsqu’ils sont autorisés tel que spécifié dans le présent document;
— mélange des éléments ci-dessus, lorsqu’ils sont autorisés tel que spécifié dans le présent document.
Les exigences et spécifications générales relatives aux combustibles figurant dans le présent document peuvent aussi s'appliquer aux combustibles utilisés dans les moteurs diesel stationnaires, de type identique ou similaire à ceux utilisés pour des applications marines.
Le présent document spécifie sept catégories de distillats, dont l'une est utilisée dans les moteurs diesel des dispositifs de secours. Il spécifie également quatre catégories de combustibles résiduels dont la teneur en soufre est inférieure ou égale à 0,50 % en masse, cinq catégories de combustibles résiduels contenant des esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG) et cinq catégories de combustibles résiduels dont la teneur en soufre est supérieure à 0,50 % en masse.
Proizvodi iz naftnih, sintetičnih in obnovljivih virov - Goriva (Razred F) - Specifikacije za ladijska goriva
Ta dokument celostno določa splošne zahteve in specifikacije za goriva za ladijske dizelske motorje in kotle pred ravnanjem z gorivom na krovu (shranjevanje, namestitev, centrifugiranje, filtracija, segrevanje) pred uporabo.
V tem dokumentu uporabljen izraz »goriva« vključuje naslednje:
– ogljikovodike iz surove nafte, naftni pesek in olje iz skrilavca;
– sintetične ogljikovodike, obnovljive ogljikovodike ali ogljikovodike iz recikliranih virov z molekularno strukturo, ki se ne razlikuje od ogljikovodikov iz nafte;
– metil ester maščobne kisline (FAME), kjer je to dovoljeno v skladu s tem dokumentom;
– mešanice zgoraj navedenega, kjer je to dovoljeno v skladu s tem dokumentom.
Splošne zahteve in specifikacije za goriva v tem dokumentu je mogoče uporabiti tudi za goriva za nepremične dizelske motorje enake ali podobne vrste, kot so ladijski motorji.
Ta dokument določa sedem kategorij destiliranega goriva, pri čemer ena kategorija zajema dizelske motorje za nujne primere. Določa tudi štiri kategorije goriv iz destilacijskega ostanka z vsebnostjo žvepla 0,50 % ali manj glede na maso, pet kategorij goriv iz destilacijskega ostanka, ki vsebujejo metil ester maščobne kisline, in pet kategorij goriv iz destilacijskega ostanka z vsebnostjo žvepla več kot 0,50 % glede na maso.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2024
Nadomešča:
SIST ISO 8217:2018
Proizvodi iz naftnih, sintetičnih in obnovljivih virov - Goriva (Razred F) -
Specifikacije za ladijska goriva
Products from petroleum, synthetic and renewable sources — Fuels (class F) —
Specifications of marine fuels
Produits d’origine pétrolière, synthétique ou renouvelable — Combustibles (classe F) —
Spécifications des combustibles pour la marine
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 8217:2024
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
International
Standard
ISO 8217
Seventh edition
Products from petroleum, synthetic
2024-05
and renewable sources — Fuels
(class F) — Specifications of
marine fuels
Produits d’origine pétrolière, synthétique ou renouvelable —
Combustibles (classe F) — Spécifications des combustibles pour
la marine
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 3
4 Application and sampling . 6
5 General requirements . 7
6 Test methods . 8
6.1 Density .8
6.2 CCAI .8
6.3 Sulfur .8
6.4 Flash point .9
6.5 Hydrogen sulfide . .9
6.6 Acid number .9
6.7 Oxidation stability .9
6.8 Total sediment.10
6.8.1 Existent total sediment .10
6.8.2 Accelerated and potential total sediment .10
6.9 Fatty acid methyl ester(s) .10
6.10 Pour point/cloud point/cold filter plugging point .10
6.11 Appearance/water .11
6.12 Lubricity .11
6.13 Vanadium .11
6.14 Sodium .11
6.15 Aluminium plus silicon.11
6.16 Unrefined used lubricating oil .11
6.17 Organic chlorides .11
6.18 Specific energy .11
6.19 Cetane index/cetane number . 12
7 Characterization of marine fuels .12
8 Precision and interpretation of test results .12
9 Requirements for marine fuel consisting of 100 % FAME or paraffinic diesel fuel .12
9.1 Marine fuel consisting of 100 % FAME . 12
9.2 Marine fuel consisting of 100 % paraffinic diesel fuel . 13
10 Generally applicable requirements and related test methods .13
10.1 General . 13
10.2 Distillate and bio-distillate marine fuels containing FAME . 13
10.3 Residual marine fuels with sulfur content below or at 0,50 % by mass . 13
10.4 Bio-residual marine fuels . 13
10.5 Residual marine fuels with sulfur content above 0,50 % by mass . 13
Annex A (informative) Bio-based liquid fuels including fatty acid methyl ester(s) .23
Annex B (informative) Composition of marine fuels .25
Annex C (informative) Ignition characteristics of residual marine fuels .27
Annex D (informative) Hydrogen sulfide .30
Annex E (informative) Acid number .31
Annex F (informative) Cold flow characteristics .32
Annex G (informative) Ash .33
iii
Annex H (informative) Stability of residual fuels .34
Annex I (informative) Unrefined used lubricating oil .36
Annex J (informative) Specific energy .37
Annex K (informative) Characterization of residual marine fuels .38
Bibliography .40
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels and
lubricants from natural or synthetic sources, Subcommittee SC 4, Classifications and specifications.
This seventh edition cancels and replaces the sixth edition (ISO 8217:2017), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— terms and definitions (Clause 3) have been updated;
— the Scope and the general requirements in Clause 5 have been amended;
— Tables 2 and 3 have been added;
— former Table 2 has been modified and has become Table 4;
— changes to the distillate fuels, including the following:
— the requirement to report the fatty acid methyl ester(s) content (FAME) of DF grades has been
changed, allowing up to 100 %;
— the distinction between winter and summer quality for cloud point and cold filter plugging point has
been removed;
— the requirement to report the net heat of combustion for DF grades has been added;
— a minimum cetane number requirement for DF grades has been added;
— the requirement for oxidation stability for DF grades has been added;
— Clauses 9 and 10 have been added;
— new Annexes F, H and K have been added (the former Annex F has become Annex G, the former Annex G
has become Annex I, and the former Annex H has become Annex J);
v
— existing annexes have been reviewed and updated.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
vi
Introduction
This document was prepared in cooperation with ship owners, ship operators, shipping associations,
national standards bodies, classification societies, fuel testing services, engine designers, fuel treatment
equipment manufacturers, marine fuel suppliers, fuel additive suppliers and the petroleum industry to meet
the requirements for marine fuels supplied on a world-wide basis for consumption on board ships.
The increased focus on environmental concerns and legislation to address them is leading to a transition in
the nature of marine fuels. There is a shift away from marine fuels supplied from traditional oil products
derived from the processing of petroleum crude, and a shift towards oil products derived from synthetic and
renewable, recycled or alternative sources. This document takes into consideration the diverse nature of
these fuels and incorporates a number of categories of distillate and residual fuels, even though it is possible
that not all categories are available in every supply location. This document facilitates the transition,
however sustainability aspects and accounting are not within the scope.
The categories of fuel in this document have been classified according to ISO 8216-1 and include the distillate fuel
categories DMX, DMA, DMB, DMZ, DFA, DFB, DFZ and the residual fuel categories RMA, RME, RMG, RMK and RF.
In the instances where a fuel, which does not conform exactly to any of these distillate or residual fuel
categories, is offered to a purchaser, the fuel characteristics or limits can be agreed between the buyer and
the seller, and defined by both a category of fuel given by this document, together with any different or
additional fuel characteristics or limits, as necessary to adequately define that fuel.
This document specifies the permitted minimum flash point limits following the provisions given in the
[3]
SOLAS Convention.
[4]
MARPOL Annex VI, which controls air pollution from ships, includes a requirement that either the fuel
does not exceed a specified maximum sulfur content, or an approved equivalent alternative means is
used. During the lifetime of this document, regional and/or national authorities can introduce their own
local emission requirements, which can impact the allowable sulfur content. It is the buyer’s and the user’s
responsibility to establish which statutory requirements are necessary to meet and specify on that basis the
corresponding maximum fuel sulfur content to the seller.
vii
International Standard ISO 8217:2024(en)
Products from petroleum, synthetic and renewable sources —
Fuels (class F) — Specifications of marine fuels
WARNING — The handling and use of products specified in this document can be hazardous
if precautions as mentioned in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) are not taken into consideration
when product is handled. This document does not purport to address all the safety and health
considerations that can be associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the users of this document
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1 Scope
This document in its entirety defines the general requirements and specifications for fuels used in marine
diesel engines and boilers, prior to onboard fuel handling (storage, settling, centrifuging, filtration, heating)
before use.
For the purposes of this document, the term “fuels” comprises of the following:
— hydrocarbons from petroleum crude oil, oil sands and shale oil;
— synthetic hydrocarbons, renewable hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons from recycled sources, with
molecular structures that are indistinguishable from petroleum hydrocarbons;
— fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), where permitted as specified in this document;
— blends of any of the above, where permitted as specified in this document.
The general requirements and specifications for fuels in this document can also be applied to fuels used in
stationary diesel engines of the same or similar type as those used for marine purposes.
This document specifies seven categories of distillate fuels, one of which is for diesel engines used for
emergency purposes. It also specifies four categories of residual fuels for sulfur content at or below
0,50 % by mass, five categories of residual fuels containing FAME and five categories of residual fuels for
sulfur content exceeding 0,50 % by mass.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2719, Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method
ISO 3015, Petroleum and related products from natural or synthetic sources — Determination of cloud point
ISO 3016, Petroleum and related products from natural or synthetic sources — Determination of pour point
ISO 3104, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic viscosity and
calculation of dynamic viscosity
ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products — Laboratory determination of density —
Hydrometer method
ISO 3733, Petroleum products and bituminous materials — Determination of water — Distillation method
ISO 4259-2, Petroleum and related products — Precision of measurement methods and results — Part 2:
Interpretation and application of precision data in relation to methods of test
ISO 4264, Petroleum products — Calculation of cetane index of middle-distillate fuels by the four variable
equation
ISO 5165, Petroleum products — Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels — Cetane engine method
ISO 6245, Petroleum products — Determination of ash
ISO 8754, Petroleum products — Determination of sulfur content — Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence
spectrometry
ISO 10307-1, Petroleum products — Total sediment in residual fuel oils — Part 1: Determination by hot filtration
ISO 10307-2, Petroleum products — Total sediment in residual fuel oils — Part 2: Determination using standard
procedures for ageing
ISO 10370, Petroleum products — Determination of carbon residue — Micro method
ISO 10478, Petroleum products — Determination of aluminium and silicon in fuel oils — Inductively coupled
plasma emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy methods
ISO 12156-1, Diesel fuel — Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) — Part 1:
Test method
ISO 12185, Crude petroleum, petroleum products and related products — Determination of density —
Laboratory density meter with an oscillating U-tube sensor
ISO 12205, Petroleum products — Determination of the oxidation stability of middle-distillate fuels
ISO 12937, Petroleum products — Determination of water — Coulometric Karl Fischer titration method
ISO 14596, Petroleum products — Determination of sulfur content — Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence
spectrometry
ISO 14597, Petroleum products — Determination of vanadium and nickel content — Wavelength-dispersive
X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
EN 116, Diesel and domestic heating fuels — Determination of cold filter plugging point — Stepwise cooling
bath method
EN 14077, Petroleum products — Determination of organic halogen content — Oxidative microcoulometric method
EN 14078, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of fatty methyl ester (FAME) content in middle distillates
- Infrared spectrometry method
EN 14214, Liquid petroleum products — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and heating
applications — Requirements and test methods
EN 15195, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number (DCN) of
middle distillate fuels by combustion in a constant volume chamber
EN 15751, Automotive fuels — Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel — Determination
of oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method
EN 15940, Automotive fuels — Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment — Requirements and
test methods
EN 16329, Diesel and domestic heating fuels — Determination of cold filter plugging point — Linear cooling
bath method
EN 16715, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number (DCN) of
middle distillate fuels — Ignition delay and combustion delay determination using a constant volume combustion
chamber with direct fuel injection
EN 17155, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of indicated cetane number (ICN) of middle distillate
fuels — Primary reference fuels calibration method using a constant volume combustion chamber
ASTM D240, Standard Test Method for Heat of combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
ASTM D664, Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
ASTM D2622, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray
Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM D4294, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray
Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM D6751, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
ASTM D6890, Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by
Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber
ASTM D7371, Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel
Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
ASTM D7668, Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—
Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
ASTM D7963, Standard Test Method for Determination of Contamination Level of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in
Middle Distillate and Residual Fuels Using Flow Analysis by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Rapid
Screening Method
ASTM D8183, Standard Test Method for Determination of Indicated Cetane Number (ICN) of Diesel Fuel Oils
using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber—Reference Fuels Calibration Method
IP 470, Determination of aluminium, silicon, vanadium, nickel, iron, calcium, zinc and sodium in residual fuel oil
by ashing, fusion and atomic absorption spectrometry
IP 500, Determination of the phosphorus content of residual fuels by ultra-violet spectrometry
IP 501, Determination of aluminium, silicon, vanadium, nickel, iron, sodium, calcium, zinc and phosphorus in
residual fuel oil by ashing, fusion and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry
IP 570, Determination of hydrogen sulfide in fuel oils — Rapid liquid phase extraction method
IP 631, Determination of the contamination level of fatty acid methyl esters in middle distillate and residual fuels
using Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy — Rapid Screening Method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
ultra low sulfur fuel oil
ULSFO
marine fuel with a maximum sulfur content of 0,10 % by mass
3.2
very low sulfur fuel oil
VLSFO
marine fuel with a maximum sulfur content of 0,50 % by mass
3.3
high sulfur fuel oil
HSFO
marine fuel with a sulfur content exceeding 0,50 % by mass
3.4
fatty acid methyl ester
FAME
ester derived by transesterification or esterification of fats and oils of vegetal or animal origin
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A for information on bio-based liquid fuels including fatty acid methyl ester(s).
3.5
bio-based
wholly or partly derived from biomass (3.7)
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2022, 3.23, modified — “wholly or partly” added.]
3.6
biofuel
fuel produced directly or indirectly from biomass (3.7)
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2022, 3.27, modified — “solid, liquid or gaseous” deleted.]
3.7
biomass
material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and/or fossilized
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2022, 3.32, modified — Example and Note 1 to entry deleted.]
3.8
biodiesel
generic name for bio-based (3.5) fuel with properties similar to diesel or diesel containing bio-based blends
Note 1 to entry: The term is often used to describe fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) (3.4), but it is not exclusive to describe
FAME or fuel containing FAME.
3.9
bio-distillate marine fuel
blend of a petroleum distillate marine fuel with bio-based (3.5) liquid fuel
Note 1 to entry: DF grade is used to describe bio-distillate marine fuel grade.
3.10
bio-residual marine fuel
blend of a petroleum residual marine fuel with bio-based (3.5) liquid fuel
Note 1 to entry: RF grade is used to describe bio-residual marine fuel grade.
3.11
synthetic hydrocarbon
liquid hydrocarbon obtained from synthesis
3.12
renewable hydrocarbon
liquid hydrocarbon produced from renewable resources
Note 1 to entry: Biomass (3.7) is an example of a renewable resource.
3.13
paraffinic diesel fuel
liquid hydrocarbons obtained by synthesis or hydrotreatment
EXAMPLE Synthetic diesel, renewable diesel, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) (3.14).
3.14
hydrotreated vegetable oil
HVO
liquid hydrocarbon produced from renewable feedstock by hydrotreatment
Note 1 to entry: Also called renewable diesel or paraffinic diesel fuel (3.13).
3.15
gas to liquid
GTL
liquid hydrocarbons obtained by the conversion of natural gas or other fossil gaseous hydrocarbons
3.16
biomass to liquid
BTL
liquid hydrocarbons obtained by the conversion of biomass (3.7) via thermochemical processes (gasification)
3.17
power to liquid
PtL
liquid hydrocarbons obtained by conversion of electricity
3.18
stability
stability of a residual fuel
resistance to the breakdown and precipitation of asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such
as thermal and ageing stresses, while stored, handled and treated under normal operating conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.1, modified — “handled and stored” replaced by “stored, handled and
treated”.]
3.19
compatibility
ability of two or more fuels to be commingled at a defined ratio without evidence of material separation,
which can result in the formation of multiple phases, such as flocculation, where dispersed particles of
asphaltenes form bigger clusters which can lead to sludge formation
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.2, modified — “could” and “might” replaced by “can”.]
3.20
cloud point
CP
temperature at which a cloud of wax crystals first appears in a transparent liquid when it is cooled under
specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.4]
3.21
cold filter plugging point
CFPP
highest temperature at which a given volume of distillate fuel fails to pass through a standardized filtration
device in a specified time when cooled under standardized conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.5]
3.22
pour point
PP
lowest temperature at which a fuel will continue to flow when it is cooled under specified standard conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.6]
3.23
existent total sediment
TSE
sum of insoluble organic and inorganic material, separated from the bulk of the sample by filtration through
a specified filter, and also insoluble in a predominantly paraffinic solvent
Note 1 to entry: TSE is obtained by hot filtration.
[SOURCE: ISO 10307-1:2009, 3.1, modified — “existent” added to the term; “TSE” added as a preferred term;
Note 1 to entry added.]
3.24
potential total sediment
TSP
total sediment after ageing a sample of residual fuel for 24 h at 100 °C under prescribed conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 10307-2:2009, 3.1, modified — “TSP” added as a preferred term; “determined by ISO 10307-1,”
deleted from the definition.]
3.25
accelerated total sediment
TSA
total sediment after dilution of a sample of residual fuel with hexadecane in the ratio of 1 ml per 10 g of
sample under carefully controlled conditions, followed by storage for 1 h at 100 °C
[SOURCE: ISO 10307-2:2009, 3.2, modified — “TSA” added as a preferred term; “determined by ISO 10307-1,”
deleted from the definition.]
3.26
unrefined used lubricating oil
unrefined ULO
oil that has not been processed and filtered to remove lube oil additives and contaminants
Note 1 to entry: Refined used lubricating oil can be suitable as blend stock for marine fuel.
4 Application and sampling
This document specifies the required properties for a fuel at the time and place of custody transfer, prior to
onboard handling and treatment.
NOTE Appropriate guidance about fuel treatment systems for diesel engines can be found in Reference [5].
Sampling of a fuel is an important part of the fuel’s quality verification and should be carried out in
accordance with ISO 13739 or an equivalent national standard. The sample shall be representative for the
entire quantity of fuel loaded onto the receiving ship and may be taken in any location agreed between the
parties.
Testing of the fuel shall be carried out in accordance with the test methods given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3
or Table 4, as appropriate.
5 General requirements
5.1 The fuel as supplied shall be homogeneous and conform to the characteristics and limits given in
Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 or Table 4, as appropriate, when tested in accordance with the methods specified.
The test methods and references listed in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 shall apply.
The fuel composition shall consist of:
— predominantly hydrocarbons from petroleum sources;
or
— hydrocarbons, with molecular structures that are indistinguishable from petroleum hydrocarbons,
derived from:
— synthetic or renewable sources such as paraffinic diesel e.g. hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), gas to
liquid (GTL), biomass to liquid (BTL) and power to liquid (PtL);
— co-processing of renewable or recycled feedstock at refineries with petroleum feedstock;
or
— fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as defined in this document;
or
— a mixture of the above.
With regards to FAME, there are grades in this document for fuels not including FAME and for fuels including
an agreed percentage of FAME.
For fuels not including FAME:
— The DMA, DMZ, DMB and RM grades shall not include FAME other than a de minimis level. In the context
of this document, de minimis amount of FAME means an amount not exceeding approximately 0,5 %.
DMX shall be free of FAME.
NOTE See Annex A for further information.
For fuels with an agreed FAME content:
— the DF and RF grades are fuels including an amount of FAME where the FAME used for blending of the
fuel shall be in accordance with the requirements of EN 14214, except for
a) sulfur content, which is a statutory requirement;
b) cloud point (CP) and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) requirements as these are covered by the final
marine blend specifications in Table 1 of this document;
or ASTM D6751, except for sulfur content.
— The FAME content of the fuel (percentage by mass or volume) and the FAME standards (EN 14214 or
ASTM D6751) shall be reported prior to the time of the delivery and in line with original equipment
manufacturer’s guidance. In the event that other national FAME standards are offered, see Annex A.
5.2 The fuel shall be free from any materials, including added substances and chemical species, at a
concentration that causes the fuel to be unacceptable for use by way of:
a) jeopardizing the safety of the ship; or
b) adversely affecting the performance of the machinery; or
c) being harmful to personnel.
NOTE See Annex B for information on the composition of marine fuels.
5.3 The fuel shall be free from inorganic acids and organic chlorides (chlorinated hydrocarbons).
NOTE 1 See 6.6 and 6.17.
NOTE 2 See Annex B for information on the composition of marine fuels.
5.4 Subject to the requirements of 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3, additives that improve some aspects of the fuel’s
characteristics or performance are permitted.
6 Test methods
6.1 Density
In case of disagreement concerning density, all parties shall agree, prior to additional testing, upon the test
method to be used.
6.2 CCAI
The calculated carbon aromaticity index (CCAI) shall be as specified in Table 2, Table 3 or Table 4.
[6]
The CCAI value, I , is calculated in accordance with Lewis, et al. , using Formula (1):
CCA
T +273
I =−ρν81−⋅141 lg lg(,+085)l−⋅483 g (1)
[]
CCA 15
323
where
ρ is the density at 15 °C, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre;
ν is the kinematic viscosity at temperature T, expressed in square millimetres per second;
T is the temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius, at which the kinematic viscosity is determined.
Density, ρ , and viscosity, v, shall be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in Tables 2, 3 or 4.
NOTE 1 See Annex C for information on ignition characteristics of residual marine fuels.
NOTE 2 For engines and/or applications where the ignition quality is known to be particularly critical, Annex C
provides a basis for buyers and sellers of residual fuels to agree on tighter ignition quality characteristics.
NOTE 3 For some fuels when blending at or close to the maximum density, the CCAI limit restricts the combination
of density and viscosity.
NOTE 4 CCAI was originally developed for petroleum-derived fuels. As such, its applicability to bio-residual marine
fuels and the density/viscosity correlation to ignition performance has not been established.
6.3 Sulfur
Table 1, Table 3 and Table 4 do not set sulfur limits, since the buyer is responsible for specifying the maximum
sulfur content when ordering the fuel, based on the regulatory requirement applicable to where the fuel will
be used or any existing exhaust gas cleaning system requirement. For fuels ordered to Table 2, the buyer
shall still specify the required sulfur content to the seller.
Sulfur test precision for fuels containing FAME has not been established for the test methods specified in
ISO 8754 and ISO 14596. The sulfur test precision for distillate fuels containing FAME has been established
for the test method specified in ASTM D4294.
The reference test method shall be as specified in ISO 8754 for distillate marine (DM) and residual marine
(RM) fuels, in ASTM D4294 for distillate fuels including FAME (DF), and in ASTM D4294 or ASTM D2622 for
residual fuels including FAME (RF).
In case of disagreement concerning sulfur content, all parties shall agree, prior to additional testing, upon
the same sulfur certified reference material, and for RF grades upon the reference test method.
6.4 Flash point
[3]
The International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) sets the flash point limit for all fuels at
60 °C minimum. An exception to this is DMX, which has a flash point limit of 43 °C minimum.
Fuels have the potential to produce a flammable atmosphere in a tank headspace, even when stored at a
temperature below the measured flash point. Appropriate precautions are necessary, therefore, to ensure
the safety of the ship and personnel. Further information and advice on precautionary measures are given in
References [7] to [9].
The flash point is not a physical constant, but is dependent on the test method, the apparatus and the
procedure used.
The flash point for fuels in Table 1 shall be determined in accordance with ISO 2719, Procedure A. For 100 %
FAME, ISO 2719, Procedure C shall be applied. The flash point of fuels in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 shall be
determined in accordance with ISO 2719, Procedure B.
6.5 Hydrogen sulfide
The reference test method shall be IP 570, Procedure A.
WARNING — Hydrogen sulfide (H S) is a highly toxic gas. Exposure to any significant vapour
concentrations is hazardous and, in extreme cases, can be fatal. It is critical that ship owners,
operators and other responsible parties continue to maintain appropriate safety practices designed
to protect the crew and others who can be exposed to H S vapours.
NOTE See Annex D for further information.
6.6 Acid number
The fuel shall be free of inorganic acids. The acid number of DM and RM fuels shall be determined in
accordance with ASTM D664, Procedure A. The acid number of DF and RF fuels shall be tested in accordance
with ASTM D664, Procedure B.
In case of dispute concerning acid number, all parties shall agree, prior to additional testing, upon which
procedure of ASTM D664 shall be used.
NOTE See Annex E for further information.
6.7 Oxidation stability
The oxidation stability shall be as specified in Table 1.
For fuels not including FAME or containing less than 2 % of FAME by volume, oxidation stability shall be
tested in accordance with ISO 12205.
For DF grades, oxidation stability shall be tested in accordance with EN 15751.
NOTE See Annex A for further information.
6.8 Total sediment
6.8.1 Existent total sediment
If the appearance of DMB or DFB is assessed as not clear and bright (see 6.11), the total sediment by hot
filtration, typically called existent total sediment (TSE) shall be determined in accordance with the test
method ISO 10307-1.
For the fuels listed in Table 2 and Table 3, the existent total sediment shall be reported.
NOTE The International Council on Combustion Engines (CIMAC) has developed a guideline regarding the
[10]
interpretation of total sediment test results.
6.8.2 Accelerated and potential total sediment
For the fuels listed in Table 2 and Table 4, statistical analysis of data gathered since 2020 on residual type
very low sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO) and high sulfur fuel oil (HSFO) shows that HSFO are more sensitive to
chemical ageing whereas VLSFO with viscosity typically below 200 mm /s (200 cSt) at 50 °C are sensitive to
both thermal and chemical ageing, due to the different nature of the fuels.
For fuels in Table 3, there is insufficient data at the time of writing to assess the sensitivity of bio-residual
marine fuels to thermal versus chemical ageing.
Therefore, the following applies:
— For the fuels listed in Tables 2 and 3 only potential total sediment (TSP) shall be used.
— Accelerated total sediment (TSA) shall be reported for all fuels listed in Tables 2 and 3.
— For the fuels listed in Table 4, either of the standard procedures for ageing in ISO 10307-2 can be used: the
TSA or TSP test. The reference test method for the fuels listed in Table 4 shall be the TSP in accordance
with ISO 10307-2.
NOTE 1 See Annex H for information on stability of residual fuels.
NOTE 2 The International Council on Combustion Engines (CIMAC) has developed a guideline regarding the
[10]
interpretation of total sediment test results.
6.9 Fatty acid methyl ester(s)
The test methods specified in ASTM D7963 and IP 631 are applicable to all DM and RM, DF and RF grades.
The test method specified in EN 14078 is not applicable to RM and RF grades at the
...
International
Standard
ISO 8217
Seventh edition
Products from petroleum, synthetic
2024-05
and renewable sources — Fuels
(class F) — Specifications of
marine fuels
Produits d’origine pétrolière, synthétique ou renouvelable —
Combustibles (classe F) — Spécifications des combustibles pour
la marine
Reference number
© ISO 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 3
4 Application and sampling . 6
5 General requirements . 7
6 Test methods . 8
6.1 Density .8
6.2 CCAI .8
6.3 Sulfur .8
6.4 Flash point .9
6.5 Hydrogen sulfide . .9
6.6 Acid number .9
6.7 Oxidation stability .9
6.8 Total sediment.10
6.8.1 Existent total sediment .10
6.8.2 Accelerated and potential total sediment .10
6.9 Fatty acid methyl ester(s) .10
6.10 Pour point/cloud point/cold filter plugging point .10
6.11 Appearance/water .11
6.12 Lubricity .11
6.13 Vanadium .11
6.14 Sodium .11
6.15 Aluminium plus silicon.11
6.16 Unrefined used lubricating oil .11
6.17 Organic chlorides .11
6.18 Specific energy .11
6.19 Cetane index/cetane number . 12
7 Characterization of marine fuels .12
8 Precision and interpretation of test results .12
9 Requirements for marine fuel consisting of 100 % FAME or paraffinic diesel fuel .12
9.1 Marine fuel consisting of 100 % FAME . 12
9.2 Marine fuel consisting of 100 % paraffinic diesel fuel . 13
10 Generally applicable requirements and related test methods .13
10.1 General . 13
10.2 Distillate and bio-distillate marine fuels containing FAME . 13
10.3 Residual marine fuels with sulfur content below or at 0,50 % by mass . 13
10.4 Bio-residual marine fuels . 13
10.5 Residual marine fuels with sulfur content above 0,50 % by mass . 13
Annex A (informative) Bio-based liquid fuels including fatty acid methyl ester(s) .23
Annex B (informative) Composition of marine fuels .25
Annex C (informative) Ignition characteristics of residual marine fuels .27
Annex D (informative) Hydrogen sulfide .30
Annex E (informative) Acid number .31
Annex F (informative) Cold flow characteristics .32
Annex G (informative) Ash .33
iii
Annex H (informative) Stability of residual fuels .34
Annex I (informative) Unrefined used lubricating oil .36
Annex J (informative) Specific energy .37
Annex K (informative) Characterization of residual marine fuels .38
Bibliography .40
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels and
lubricants from natural or synthetic sources, Subcommittee SC 4, Classifications and specifications.
This seventh edition cancels and replaces the sixth edition (ISO 8217:2017), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— terms and definitions (Clause 3) have been updated;
— the Scope and the general requirements in Clause 5 have been amended;
— Tables 2 and 3 have been added;
— former Table 2 has been modified and has become Table 4;
— changes to the distillate fuels, including the following:
— the requirement to report the fatty acid methyl ester(s) content (FAME) of DF grades has been
changed, allowing up to 100 %;
— the distinction between winter and summer quality for cloud point and cold filter plugging point has
been removed;
— the requirement to report the net heat of combustion for DF grades has been added;
— a minimum cetane number requirement for DF grades has been added;
— the requirement for oxidation stability for DF grades has been added;
— Clauses 9 and 10 have been added;
— new Annexes F, H and K have been added (the former Annex F has become Annex G, the former Annex G
has become Annex I, and the former Annex H has become Annex J);
v
— existing annexes have been reviewed and updated.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
vi
Introduction
This document was prepared in cooperation with ship owners, ship operators, shipping associations,
national standards bodies, classification societies, fuel testing services, engine designers, fuel treatment
equipment manufacturers, marine fuel suppliers, fuel additive suppliers and the petroleum industry to meet
the requirements for marine fuels supplied on a world-wide basis for consumption on board ships.
The increased focus on environmental concerns and legislation to address them is leading to a transition in
the nature of marine fuels. There is a shift away from marine fuels supplied from traditional oil products
derived from the processing of petroleum crude, and a shift towards oil products derived from synthetic and
renewable, recycled or alternative sources. This document takes into consideration the diverse nature of
these fuels and incorporates a number of categories of distillate and residual fuels, even though it is possible
that not all categories are available in every supply location. This document facilitates the transition,
however sustainability aspects and accounting are not within the scope.
The categories of fuel in this document have been classified according to ISO 8216-1 and include the distillate fuel
categories DMX, DMA, DMB, DMZ, DFA, DFB, DFZ and the residual fuel categories RMA, RME, RMG, RMK and RF.
In the instances where a fuel, which does not conform exactly to any of these distillate or residual fuel
categories, is offered to a purchaser, the fuel characteristics or limits can be agreed between the buyer and
the seller, and defined by both a category of fuel given by this document, together with any different or
additional fuel characteristics or limits, as necessary to adequately define that fuel.
This document specifies the permitted minimum flash point limits following the provisions given in the
[3]
SOLAS Convention.
[4]
MARPOL Annex VI, which controls air pollution from ships, includes a requirement that either the fuel
does not exceed a specified maximum sulfur content, or an approved equivalent alternative means is
used. During the lifetime of this document, regional and/or national authorities can introduce their own
local emission requirements, which can impact the allowable sulfur content. It is the buyer’s and the user’s
responsibility to establish which statutory requirements are necessary to meet and specify on that basis the
corresponding maximum fuel sulfur content to the seller.
vii
International Standard ISO 8217:2024(en)
Products from petroleum, synthetic and renewable sources —
Fuels (class F) — Specifications of marine fuels
WARNING — The handling and use of products specified in this document can be hazardous
if precautions as mentioned in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) are not taken into consideration
when product is handled. This document does not purport to address all the safety and health
considerations that can be associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the users of this document
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1 Scope
This document in its entirety defines the general requirements and specifications for fuels used in marine
diesel engines and boilers, prior to onboard fuel handling (storage, settling, centrifuging, filtration, heating)
before use.
For the purposes of this document, the term “fuels” comprises of the following:
— hydrocarbons from petroleum crude oil, oil sands and shale oil;
— synthetic hydrocarbons, renewable hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons from recycled sources, with
molecular structures that are indistinguishable from petroleum hydrocarbons;
— fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), where permitted as specified in this document;
— blends of any of the above, where permitted as specified in this document.
The general requirements and specifications for fuels in this document can also be applied to fuels used in
stationary diesel engines of the same or similar type as those used for marine purposes.
This document specifies seven categories of distillate fuels, one of which is for diesel engines used for
emergency purposes. It also specifies four categories of residual fuels for sulfur content at or below
0,50 % by mass, five categories of residual fuels containing FAME and five categories of residual fuels for
sulfur content exceeding 0,50 % by mass.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2719, Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method
ISO 3015, Petroleum and related products from natural or synthetic sources — Determination of cloud point
ISO 3016, Petroleum and related products from natural or synthetic sources — Determination of pour point
ISO 3104, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic viscosity and
calculation of dynamic viscosity
ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products — Laboratory determination of density —
Hydrometer method
ISO 3733, Petroleum products and bituminous materials — Determination of water — Distillation method
ISO 4259-2, Petroleum and related products — Precision of measurement methods and results — Part 2:
Interpretation and application of precision data in relation to methods of test
ISO 4264, Petroleum products — Calculation of cetane index of middle-distillate fuels by the four variable
equation
ISO 5165, Petroleum products — Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels — Cetane engine method
ISO 6245, Petroleum products — Determination of ash
ISO 8754, Petroleum products — Determination of sulfur content — Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence
spectrometry
ISO 10307-1, Petroleum products — Total sediment in residual fuel oils — Part 1: Determination by hot filtration
ISO 10307-2, Petroleum products — Total sediment in residual fuel oils — Part 2: Determination using standard
procedures for ageing
ISO 10370, Petroleum products — Determination of carbon residue — Micro method
ISO 10478, Petroleum products — Determination of aluminium and silicon in fuel oils — Inductively coupled
plasma emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy methods
ISO 12156-1, Diesel fuel — Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) — Part 1:
Test method
ISO 12185, Crude petroleum, petroleum products and related products — Determination of density —
Laboratory density meter with an oscillating U-tube sensor
ISO 12205, Petroleum products — Determination of the oxidation stability of middle-distillate fuels
ISO 12937, Petroleum products — Determination of water — Coulometric Karl Fischer titration method
ISO 14596, Petroleum products — Determination of sulfur content — Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence
spectrometry
ISO 14597, Petroleum products — Determination of vanadium and nickel content — Wavelength-dispersive
X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
EN 116, Diesel and domestic heating fuels — Determination of cold filter plugging point — Stepwise cooling
bath method
EN 14077, Petroleum products — Determination of organic halogen content — Oxidative microcoulometric method
EN 14078, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of fatty methyl ester (FAME) content in middle distillates
- Infrared spectrometry method
EN 14214, Liquid petroleum products — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and heating
applications — Requirements and test methods
EN 15195, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number (DCN) of
middle distillate fuels by combustion in a constant volume chamber
EN 15751, Automotive fuels — Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel — Determination
of oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method
EN 15940, Automotive fuels — Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment — Requirements and
test methods
EN 16329, Diesel and domestic heating fuels — Determination of cold filter plugging point — Linear cooling
bath method
EN 16715, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number (DCN) of
middle distillate fuels — Ignition delay and combustion delay determination using a constant volume combustion
chamber with direct fuel injection
EN 17155, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of indicated cetane number (ICN) of middle distillate
fuels — Primary reference fuels calibration method using a constant volume combustion chamber
ASTM D240, Standard Test Method for Heat of combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
ASTM D664, Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
ASTM D2622, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray
Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM D4294, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray
Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM D6751, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
ASTM D6890, Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by
Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber
ASTM D7371, Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel
Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
ASTM D7668, Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—
Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
ASTM D7963, Standard Test Method for Determination of Contamination Level of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in
Middle Distillate and Residual Fuels Using Flow Analysis by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Rapid
Screening Method
ASTM D8183, Standard Test Method for Determination of Indicated Cetane Number (ICN) of Diesel Fuel Oils
using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber—Reference Fuels Calibration Method
IP 470, Determination of aluminium, silicon, vanadium, nickel, iron, calcium, zinc and sodium in residual fuel oil
by ashing, fusion and atomic absorption spectrometry
IP 500, Determination of the phosphorus content of residual fuels by ultra-violet spectrometry
IP 501, Determination of aluminium, silicon, vanadium, nickel, iron, sodium, calcium, zinc and phosphorus in
residual fuel oil by ashing, fusion and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry
IP 570, Determination of hydrogen sulfide in fuel oils — Rapid liquid phase extraction method
IP 631, Determination of the contamination level of fatty acid methyl esters in middle distillate and residual fuels
using Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy — Rapid Screening Method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
ultra low sulfur fuel oil
ULSFO
marine fuel with a maximum sulfur content of 0,10 % by mass
3.2
very low sulfur fuel oil
VLSFO
marine fuel with a maximum sulfur content of 0,50 % by mass
3.3
high sulfur fuel oil
HSFO
marine fuel with a sulfur content exceeding 0,50 % by mass
3.4
fatty acid methyl ester
FAME
ester derived by transesterification or esterification of fats and oils of vegetal or animal origin
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A for information on bio-based liquid fuels including fatty acid methyl ester(s).
3.5
bio-based
wholly or partly derived from biomass (3.7)
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2022, 3.23, modified — “wholly or partly” added.]
3.6
biofuel
fuel produced directly or indirectly from biomass (3.7)
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2022, 3.27, modified — “solid, liquid or gaseous” deleted.]
3.7
biomass
material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and/or fossilized
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2022, 3.32, modified — Example and Note 1 to entry deleted.]
3.8
biodiesel
generic name for bio-based (3.5) fuel with properties similar to diesel or diesel containing bio-based blends
Note 1 to entry: The term is often used to describe fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) (3.4), but it is not exclusive to describe
FAME or fuel containing FAME.
3.9
bio-distillate marine fuel
blend of a petroleum distillate marine fuel with bio-based (3.5) liquid fuel
Note 1 to entry: DF grade is used to describe bio-distillate marine fuel grade.
3.10
bio-residual marine fuel
blend of a petroleum residual marine fuel with bio-based (3.5) liquid fuel
Note 1 to entry: RF grade is used to describe bio-residual marine fuel grade.
3.11
synthetic hydrocarbon
liquid hydrocarbon obtained from synthesis
3.12
renewable hydrocarbon
liquid hydrocarbon produced from renewable resources
Note 1 to entry: Biomass (3.7) is an example of a renewable resource.
3.13
paraffinic diesel fuel
liquid hydrocarbons obtained by synthesis or hydrotreatment
EXAMPLE Synthetic diesel, renewable diesel, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) (3.14).
3.14
hydrotreated vegetable oil
HVO
liquid hydrocarbon produced from renewable feedstock by hydrotreatment
Note 1 to entry: Also called renewable diesel or paraffinic diesel fuel (3.13).
3.15
gas to liquid
GTL
liquid hydrocarbons obtained by the conversion of natural gas or other fossil gaseous hydrocarbons
3.16
biomass to liquid
BTL
liquid hydrocarbons obtained by the conversion of biomass (3.7) via thermochemical processes (gasification)
3.17
power to liquid
PtL
liquid hydrocarbons obtained by conversion of electricity
3.18
stability
stability of a residual fuel
resistance to the breakdown and precipitation of asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such
as thermal and ageing stresses, while stored, handled and treated under normal operating conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.1, modified — “handled and stored” replaced by “stored, handled and
treated”.]
3.19
compatibility
ability of two or more fuels to be commingled at a defined ratio without evidence of material separation,
which can result in the formation of multiple phases, such as flocculation, where dispersed particles of
asphaltenes form bigger clusters which can lead to sludge formation
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.2, modified — “could” and “might” replaced by “can”.]
3.20
cloud point
CP
temperature at which a cloud of wax crystals first appears in a transparent liquid when it is cooled under
specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.4]
3.21
cold filter plugging point
CFPP
highest temperature at which a given volume of distillate fuel fails to pass through a standardized filtration
device in a specified time when cooled under standardized conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.5]
3.22
pour point
PP
lowest temperature at which a fuel will continue to flow when it is cooled under specified standard conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.6]
3.23
existent total sediment
TSE
sum of insoluble organic and inorganic material, separated from the bulk of the sample by filtration through
a specified filter, and also insoluble in a predominantly paraffinic solvent
Note 1 to entry: TSE is obtained by hot filtration.
[SOURCE: ISO 10307-1:2009, 3.1, modified — “existent” added to the term; “TSE” added as a preferred term;
Note 1 to entry added.]
3.24
potential total sediment
TSP
total sediment after ageing a sample of residual fuel for 24 h at 100 °C under prescribed conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 10307-2:2009, 3.1, modified — “TSP” added as a preferred term; “determined by ISO 10307-1,”
deleted from the definition.]
3.25
accelerated total sediment
TSA
total sediment after dilution of a sample of residual fuel with hexadecane in the ratio of 1 ml per 10 g of
sample under carefully controlled conditions, followed by storage for 1 h at 100 °C
[SOURCE: ISO 10307-2:2009, 3.2, modified — “TSA” added as a preferred term; “determined by ISO 10307-1,”
deleted from the definition.]
3.26
unrefined used lubricating oil
unrefined ULO
oil that has not been processed and filtered to remove lube oil additives and contaminants
Note 1 to entry: Refined used lubricating oil can be suitable as blend stock for marine fuel.
4 Application and sampling
This document specifies the required properties for a fuel at the time and place of custody transfer, prior to
onboard handling and treatment.
NOTE Appropriate guidance about fuel treatment systems for diesel engines can be found in Reference [5].
Sampling of a fuel is an important part of the fuel’s quality verification and should be carried out in
accordance with ISO 13739 or an equivalent national standard. The sample shall be representative for the
entire quantity of fuel loaded onto the receiving ship and may be taken in any location agreed between the
parties.
Testing of the fuel shall be carried out in accordance with the test methods given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3
or Table 4, as appropriate.
5 General requirements
5.1 The fuel as supplied shall be homogeneous and conform to the characteristics and limits given in
Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 or Table 4, as appropriate, when tested in accordance with the methods specified.
The test methods and references listed in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 shall apply.
The fuel composition shall consist of:
— predominantly hydrocarbons from petroleum sources;
or
— hydrocarbons, with molecular structures that are indistinguishable from petroleum hydrocarbons,
derived from:
— synthetic or renewable sources such as paraffinic diesel e.g. hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), gas to
liquid (GTL), biomass to liquid (BTL) and power to liquid (PtL);
— co-processing of renewable or recycled feedstock at refineries with petroleum feedstock;
or
— fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as defined in this document;
or
— a mixture of the above.
With regards to FAME, there are grades in this document for fuels not including FAME and for fuels including
an agreed percentage of FAME.
For fuels not including FAME:
— The DMA, DMZ, DMB and RM grades shall not include FAME other than a de minimis level. In the context
of this document, de minimis amount of FAME means an amount not exceeding approximately 0,5 %.
DMX shall be free of FAME.
NOTE See Annex A for further information.
For fuels with an agreed FAME content:
— the DF and RF grades are fuels including an amount of FAME where the FAME used for blending of the
fuel shall be in accordance with the requirements of EN 14214, except for
a) sulfur content, which is a statutory requirement;
b) cloud point (CP) and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) requirements as these are covered by the final
marine blend specifications in Table 1 of this document;
or ASTM D6751, except for sulfur content.
— The FAME content of the fuel (percentage by mass or volume) and the FAME standards (EN 14214 or
ASTM D6751) shall be reported prior to the time of the delivery and in line with original equipment
manufacturer’s guidance. In the event that other national FAME standards are offered, see Annex A.
5.2 The fuel shall be free from any materials, including added substances and chemical species, at a
concentration that causes the fuel to be unacceptable for use by way of:
a) jeopardizing the safety of the ship; or
b) adversely affecting the performance of the machinery; or
c) being harmful to personnel.
NOTE See Annex B for information on the composition of marine fuels.
5.3 The fuel shall be free from inorganic acids and organic chlorides (chlorinated hydrocarbons).
NOTE 1 See 6.6 and 6.17.
NOTE 2 See Annex B for information on the composition of marine fuels.
5.4 Subject to the requirements of 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3, additives that improve some aspects of the fuel’s
characteristics or performance are permitted.
6 Test methods
6.1 Density
In case of disagreement concerning density, all parties shall agree, prior to additional testing, upon the test
method to be used.
6.2 CCAI
The calculated carbon aromaticity index (CCAI) shall be as specified in Table 2, Table 3 or Table 4.
[6]
The CCAI value, I , is calculated in accordance with Lewis, et al. , using Formula (1):
CCA
T +273
I =−ρν81−⋅141 lg lg(,+085)l−⋅483 g (1)
[]
CCA 15
323
where
ρ is the density at 15 °C, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre;
ν is the kinematic viscosity at temperature T, expressed in square millimetres per second;
T is the temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius, at which the kinematic viscosity is determined.
Density, ρ , and viscosity, v, shall be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in Tables 2, 3 or 4.
NOTE 1 See Annex C for information on ignition characteristics of residual marine fuels.
NOTE 2 For engines and/or applications where the ignition quality is known to be particularly critical, Annex C
provides a basis for buyers and sellers of residual fuels to agree on tighter ignition quality characteristics.
NOTE 3 For some fuels when blending at or close to the maximum density, the CCAI limit restricts the combination
of density and viscosity.
NOTE 4 CCAI was originally developed for petroleum-derived fuels. As such, its applicability to bio-residual marine
fuels and the density/viscosity correlation to ignition performance has not been established.
6.3 Sulfur
Table 1, Table 3 and Table 4 do not set sulfur limits, since the buyer is responsible for specifying the maximum
sulfur content when ordering the fuel, based on the regulatory requirement applicable to where the fuel will
be used or any existing exhaust gas cleaning system requirement. For fuels ordered to Table 2, the buyer
shall still specify the required sulfur content to the seller.
Sulfur test precision for fuels containing FAME has not been established for the test methods specified in
ISO 8754 and ISO 14596. The sulfur test precision for distillate fuels containing FAME has been established
for the test method specified in ASTM D4294.
The reference test method shall be as specified in ISO 8754 for distillate marine (DM) and residual marine
(RM) fuels, in ASTM D4294 for distillate fuels including FAME (DF), and in ASTM D4294 or ASTM D2622 for
residual fuels including FAME (RF).
In case of disagreement concerning sulfur content, all parties shall agree, prior to additional testing, upon
the same sulfur certified reference material, and for RF grades upon the reference test method.
6.4 Flash point
[3]
The International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) sets the flash point limit for all fuels at
60 °C minimum. An exception to this is DMX, which has a flash point limit of 43 °C minimum.
Fuels have the potential to produce a flammable atmosphere in a tank headspace, even when stored at a
temperature below the measured flash point. Appropriate precautions are necessary, therefore, to ensure
the safety of the ship and personnel. Further information and advice on precautionary measures are given in
References [7] to [9].
The flash point is not a physical constant, but is dependent on the test method, the apparatus and the
procedure used.
The flash point for fuels in Table 1 shall be determined in accordance with ISO 2719, Procedure A. For 100 %
FAME, ISO 2719, Procedure C shall be applied. The flash point of fuels in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 shall be
determined in accordance with ISO 2719, Procedure B.
6.5 Hydrogen sulfide
The reference test method shall be IP 570, Procedure A.
WARNING — Hydrogen sulfide (H S) is a highly toxic gas. Exposure to any significant vapour
concentrations is hazardous and, in extreme cases, can be fatal. It is critical that ship owners,
operators and other responsible parties continue to maintain appropriate safety practices designed
to protect the crew and others who can be exposed to H S vapours.
NOTE See Annex D for further information.
6.6 Acid number
The fuel shall be free of inorganic acids. The acid number of DM and RM fuels shall be determined in
accordance with ASTM D664, Procedure A. The acid number of DF and RF fuels shall be tested in accordance
with ASTM D664, Procedure B.
In case of dispute concerning acid number, all parties shall agree, prior to additional testing, upon which
procedure of ASTM D664 shall be used.
NOTE See Annex E for further information.
6.7 Oxidation stability
The oxidation stability shall be as specified in Table 1.
For fuels not including FAME or containing less than 2 % of FAME by volume, oxidation stability shall be
tested in accordance with ISO 12205.
For DF grades, oxidation stability shall be tested in accordance with EN 15751.
NOTE See Annex A for further information.
6.8 Total sediment
6.8.1 Existent total sediment
If the appearance of DMB or DFB is assessed as not clear and bright (see 6.11), the total sediment by hot
filtration, typically called existent total sediment (TSE) shall be determined in accordance with the test
method ISO 10307-1.
For the fuels listed in Table 2 and Table 3, the existent total sediment shall be reported.
NOTE The International Council on Combustion Engines (CIMAC) has developed a guideline regarding the
[10]
interpretation of total sediment test results.
6.8.2 Accelerated and potential total sediment
For the fuels listed in Table 2 and Table 4, statistical analysis of data gathered since 2020 on residual type
very low sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO) and high sulfur fuel oil (HSFO) shows that HSFO are more sensitive to
chemical ageing whereas VLSFO with viscosity typically below 200 mm /s (200 cSt) at 50 °C are sensitive to
both thermal and chemical ageing, due to the different nature of the fuels.
For fuels in Table 3, there is insufficient data at the time of writing to assess the sensitivity of bio-residual
marine fuels to thermal versus chemical ageing.
Therefore, the following applies:
— For the fuels listed in Tables 2 and 3 only potential total sediment (TSP) shall be used.
— Accelerated total sediment (TSA) shall be reported for all fuels listed in Tables 2 and 3.
— For the fuels listed in Table 4, either of the standard procedures for ageing in ISO 10307-2 can be used: the
TSA or TSP test. The reference test method for the fuels listed in Table 4 shall be the TSP in accordance
with ISO 10307-2.
NOTE 1 See Annex H for information on stability of residual fuels.
NOTE 2 The International Council on Combustion Engines (CIMAC) has developed a guideline regarding the
[10]
interpretation of total sediment test results.
6.9 Fatty acid methyl ester(s)
The test methods specified in ASTM D7963 and IP 631 are applicable to all DM and RM, DF and RF grades.
The test method specified in EN 14078 is not applicable to RM and RF grades at the time of preparation of
this document. Test method specified in ASTM D7371 is applicable to DF grades.
The reference test method shall be as specified in EN 14078 for DM and DF grades, and ASTM D7963 or
IP 631 for RM and RF grades. In case of disagreement concerning FAME content, all parties shall agree, prior
to additional testing, upon the test method to be used.
FAME content can be reported in content by mass or content by volume according to the test method used.
Alternatively, suppliers can report the FAME content by blend ratio on a mass or volume basis.
NOTE See Annex A.
6.10 Pour point/cloud point/cold filter plugging point
For distillate fuels, the buyer should confirm that the cold flow characteristics (pour point, cloud point, cold
filter plugging point) are suitable for the ship’s design and intended voyage.
NOTE 1 See Annex F for information on cold flow characteristics.
[11]
NOTE 2 More information can be found in the CIMAC guideline for managing cold flow properties of marine fuels.
6.11 Appearance/water
For distillate fuels, the appearance of a sample s
...
Norme
internationale
ISO 8217
Septième édition
Produits d’origine pétrolière,
2024-05
synthétique ou renouvelable —
Combustibles (classe F) —
Spécifications des combustibles
pour la marine
Products from petroleum, synthetic and renewable sources —
Fuels (class F) — Specifications of marine fuels
Numéro de référence
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2024
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publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
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Publié en Suisse
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .v
Introduction .vii
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 3
4 Application et échantillonnage . 7
5 Exigences générales . . 7
6 Méthodes d'essai . 8
6.1 Masse volumique .8
6.2 CCAI .9
6.3 Soufre .9
6.4 Point d'éclair .9
6.5 Hydrogène sulfuré .10
6.6 Indice d'acide .10
6.7 Stabilité à l’oxydation.10
6.8 Sédiments totaux .10
6.8.1 Sédiments totaux existants .10
6.8.2 Sédiments totaux accélérés et potentiels .11
6.9 Esters méthyliques d’acides gras .11
6.10 Point d’écoulement/point de trouble/température limite de filtrabilité .11
6.11 Aspect/eau .11
6.12 Lubrifiance . 12
6.13 Vanadium . 12
6.14 Sodium . 12
6.15 Aluminium et silicium . 12
6.16 Huiles lubrifiantes usagées (HLU) non raffinées . 12
6.17 Chlorures organiques . 12
6.18 Énergie spécifique . 13
6.19 Indice de cétane/nombre de cétane . 13
7 Caractérisation des combustibles pour la marine .13
8 Fidélité et interprétation des résultats d'essais .13
9 Exigences applicables aux combustibles pour la marine composés à 100 % d'EMAG ou
de gazole paraffinique . 14
9.1 Combustibles pour la marine composés de 100 % d'EMAG .14
9.2 Combustibles pour la marine composés de 100 % de gazole paraffinique .14
10 Exigences généralement applicables et méthodes d'essai correspondantes . 14
10.1 Généralités .14
10.2 Distillats et bio-distillats contenant des EMAG .14
10.3 Combustibles pour la marine résiduels dont la teneur en soufre est inférieure ou égale
à 0,50 % en masse .14
10.4 Biocombustibles marins résiduels . 15
10.5 Combustibles pour la marine résiduels dont la teneur en soufre est supérieure à 0,50 %
en masse . 15
Annexe A (informative) Combustibles liquides biosourcés contenant des esters méthyliques
d'acides gras .25
Annexe B (informative) Composition des combustibles pour la marine .28
Annexe C (informative) Caractéristiques d'auto-inflammation des combustibles marins
résiduels .30
Annexe D (informative) Hydrogène sulfuré .33
iii
Annexe E (informative) Indice d'acide .34
Annexe F (informative) Propriétés d’écoulement à froid .35
Annexe G (informative) Cendres . .36
Annexe H (informative) Stabilité des combustibles résiduels .37
Annexe I (informative) Huiles lubrifiantes usagées non raffinées .39
Annexe J (informative) Énergie spécifique .40
Annexe K (informative) Caractérisation des combustibles marins résiduels . 41
Bibliographie .44
iv
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a
été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir
www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l’utilisation
d’un ou de plusieurs brevets. L’ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l’applicabilité de
tout droit de brevet revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l’ISO n'avait pas
reçu notification qu’un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application. Toutefois,
il y a lieu d’avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des informations
plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à l'adresse
www.iso.org/brevets. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié tout ou partie de
tels droits de propriété.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion de
l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 28, Produits pétroliers et produits
connexes, combustibles et lubrifiants d’origine synthétique ou biologique, sous-comité SC 4, Classifications et
spécifications.
Cette septième édition annule et remplace la sixième (ISO 8217:2017), qui a fait l'objet d'une révision
technique.
Les principales modifications sont les suivantes:
— les termes et définitions ont été mis à jour;
— le Domaine d'application et les exigences générales de l’Article 5 ont été amendés;
— les Tableaux 2 et 3 ont été ajoutés:
— l’ancien Tableau 2 a été modifié et est devenu le Tableau 4;
— des modifications concernant les distillats, notamment les suivantes:
— l'exigence d'indiquer la teneur en esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG) des grades DF a été
changée, permettant d’aller jusqu'à 100 %;
— la distinction entre la qualité hiver et la qualité été pour le point de trouble et la température limite
de filtrabilité a été supprimée;
— l'exigence d'indiquer le pouvoir calorifique pour les grades DF a été ajoutée;
— une exigence relative à l'indice de cétane minimum pour les grades DF a été ajoutée;
v
— l’exigence relative à la stabilité à l'oxydation pour les grades DF a été ajoutée;
— les Articles 9 et 10 ont été ajoutés;
— de nouvelles Annexes F, H, et K ont été ajoutées (l’ancienne Annexe F est devenue l’Annexe G, l’ancienne
Annexe G est devenue l’Annexe I, et l’ancienne Annexe H est devenue l’Annexe J);
— les annexes existantes ont été revues et mises à jour.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes se
trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
vi
Introduction
Le présent document a été préparé en collaboration avec les armateurs, exploitants de compagnies
maritimes, associations maritimes, bureaux de normalisation nationaux, sociétés de classification et
d'analyse des combustibles, les concepteurs de moteurs, les fabricants d'équipements de traitement des
combustibles, les fournisseurs de combustible pour la marine, les fournisseurs d’additifs de combustibles et
l'industrie pétrolière, en vue de répondre aux exigences relatives aux combustibles pour la marine qui sont
livrés aux navires dans le monde entier, pour une utilisation à bord.
L’attention accrue portée aux préoccupations environnementales et la législation qui s’y rapporte mènent
à une transition dans la nature des combustibles pour la marine. Une évolution dans la fourniture des
combustibles pour la marine s’est opérée depuis des produits pétroliers traditionnels issus du traitement
du pétrole brut vers des produits pétroliers issus de sources renouvelables et/ou alternatives. Le présent
document prend en considération la nature diverse de ces combustibles et incorpore un certain nombre
de catégories de distillats et de combustibles résiduels, bien que toutes les catégories puissent ne pas être
disponibles dans chaque point d’approvisionnement. Ce document facilite la transition, mais les aspects de
durabilité et la responsabilité sociale ne font pas partie de son champ d'application.
Les catégories de combustibles citées dans le présent document ont été classifiées conformément à
l'ISO 8216-1 et incluent les catégories de distillats DMX, DMA, DMB, DMZ, DFA, DFB, DFZ et les catégories de
combustibles résiduels RMA, RME, RMG, RMK et RF.
Dans les cas où un combustible, qui ne correspond pas exactement à ces catégories de distillats ou de
combustibles résiduels, est proposé à un acheteur, les caractéristiques ou les limites du combustible peuvent
être convenues entre l'acheteur et le vendeur et définies à la fois par une catégorie de combustible figurant
dans le présent document et par toute caractéristique ou limite différente ou supplémentaire, nécessaire
pour définir correctement ce combustible.
Le présent document spécifie les limites du point d'éclair minimal autorisées suivant les dispositions
[3]
données par la convention SOLAS .
[4]
L'Annexe VI de la Convention MARPOL , qui contrôle la pollution atmosphérique par les navires, exige soit
d'utiliser un combustible qui ne dépasse pas une teneur en soufre maximale spécifiée, soit d'adopter un
moyen alternatif autorisé équivalent. Durant la période d'application du présent document, des autorités
régionales et/ou nationales peuvent introduire localement leurs propres exigences en matière d'émissions,
ce qui peut avoir une incidence sur la teneur en soufre autorisée. Il incombe à l’acheteur et à l'utilisateur de
déterminer les exigences légales à respecter et sur cette base, de spécifier au vendeur la teneur maximale en
soufre du combustible.
vii
Norme internationale ISO 8217:2024(fr)
Produits d’origine pétrolière, synthétique ou renouvelable —
Combustibles (classe F) — Spécifications des combustibles
pour la marine
AVERTISSEMENT — La manipulation et l'utilisation des produits spécifiés dans le présent document
peuvent comporter des risques si les précautions mentionnées dans la fiche de données de sécurité
(FDS) ne sont pas prises en compte lorsque le produit est manipulé. Le présent document n'est pas
censé aborder tous les problèmes de sécurité concernés par son usage. Il est de la responsabilité
des utilisateurs du présent document d'établir des règles de sécurité et d'hygiène appropriées et de
déterminer l'applicabilité des restrictions réglementaires avant utilisation.
1 Domaine d'application
Le présent document, dans son intégralité, définit les exigences générales et les spécifications relatives
aux combustibles utilisés dans les moteurs diesel et les chaudières des navires, avant toute opération
conventionnelle à bord (stockage, décantation, centrifugation, filtration, chauffage) préalable à leur
utilisation.
Pour les besoins du présent document, le terme «combustibles» est utilisé couramment pour désigner:
— les hydrocarbures provenant du pétrole brut, des sables bitumineux et du schiste;
— les hydrocarbures synthétiques, les hydrocarbures renouvelables ou les hydrocarbures provenant de
sources recyclées, dont les structures moléculaires ne se distinguent pas de celles des hydrocarbures
pétroliers;
— esters méthyliques d’acides gras (EMAG), lorsqu’ils sont autorisés tel que spécifié dans le présent
document;
— mélange des éléments ci-dessus, lorsqu’ils sont autorisés tel que spécifié dans le présent document.
Les exigences et spécifications générales relatives aux combustibles figurant dans le présent document
peuvent aussi s'appliquer aux combustibles utilisés dans les moteurs diesel stationnaires, de type identique
ou similaire à ceux utilisés pour des applications marines.
Le présent document spécifie sept catégories de distillats, dont l'une est utilisée dans les moteurs diesel
des dispositifs de secours. Il spécifie également quatre catégories de combustibles résiduels dont la teneur
en soufre est inférieure ou égale à 0,50 % en masse, cinq catégories de combustibles résiduels contenant
des esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG) et cinq catégories de combustibles résiduels dont la teneur en
soufre est supérieure à 0,50 % en masse.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour
les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 2719, Détermination du point d'éclair — Méthode Pensky-Martens en vase clos
ISO 3015, Produits pétroliers et connexes d'origine naturelle ou synthétique — Détermination du point de trouble
ISO 3016, Produits pétroliers et connexes d’origine naturelle ou synthétique — Détermination du point
d'écoulement
ISO 3104, Produits pétroliers — Liquides opaques et transparents — Détermination de la viscosité cinématique
et calcul de la viscosité dynamique
ISO 3675, Pétrole brut et produits pétroliers liquides — Détermination en laboratoire de la masse volumique —
Méthode à l'aréomètre
ISO 3733, Produits pétroliers et bitumineux — Dosage de l'eau — Méthode par distillation
ISO 4259-2, Produits pétroliers et produits connexes — Fidélité des méthodes de mesure et de leurs résultats —
Partie 2: Application des valeurs de fidélité relatives aux méthodes d’essai
ISO 4264, Produits pétroliers — Calcul de l'indice de cétane des distillats moyens par équation à quatre variables
ISO 5165, Produits pétroliers — Détermination de la qualité d'inflammabilité des combustibles pour moteurs
diesel — Méthode cétane
ISO 6245, Produits pétroliers — Détermination de la teneur en cendres
ISO 8754, Produits pétroliers — Détermination de la teneur en soufre — Spectrométrie de fluorescence de
rayons X dispersive en énergie
ISO 10307-1, Produits pétroliers — Insolubles existants dans les fuel-oils résiduels — Partie 1: Détermination
par filtration à chaud
ISO 10307-2, Produits pétroliers — Insolubles existants dans les fuel-oils résiduels — Partie 2: Détermination à
l'aide de méthodes de vieillissement de référence
ISO 10370, Produits pétroliers — Détermination du résidu de carbone — Méthode micro
ISO 10478, Produits pétroliers — Détermination de l'aluminium et du silicium dans les combustibles — Méthodes
par spectroscopie d'émission à plasma induit et spectroscopie d'absorption atomique
ISO 12156-1, Carburant diesel — Évaluation du pouvoir lubrifiant au banc alternatif à haute fréquence (HFRR)
— Partie 1: Méthode d'essai
ISO 12185, Pétroles bruts, produits pétroliers et produits connexes — Détermination de la masse volumique —
Appareil de masse volumique de laboratoire à capteur à tube en U oscillant
ISO 12205, Produits pétroliers — Détermination de la stabilité à l'oxydation des distillats moyens de pétrole
ISO 12937, Produits pétroliers — Dosage de l'eau — Méthode de titrage Karl Fischer par coulométrie
ISO 14596, Produits pétroliers — Détermination de la teneur en soufre — Spectrométrie de fluorescence X
dispersive en longueur d'onde
ISO 14597, Produits pétroliers — Dosage du vanadium et du nickel — Spectrométrie de fluorescence X dispersive
en longueur d'onde
EN 116, Combustibles pour moteurs diesel et pour installations de chauffage domestique — Détermination de la
température limite de filtrabilité — Méthode au bain chauffant par pallier
EN 14077, Produits pétroliers — Détermination de la teneur en halogènes organiques — Méthode par
microcoulométrie oxydante
EN 14078, Produits pétroliers liquides — Détermination de la teneur en esters méthyliques d’acides gras (EMAG)
des distillats moyens — Méthode par spectrométrie infrarouge
EN 14214, Produits pétroliers liquides — Esters méthyliques d’acides gras (EMAG) pour moteurs diesel et comme
combustible de chauffage — Exigences et méthodes d’essai
EN 15195, Produits pétroliers liquides — Détermination du délai d’inflammation et de l’indice de cétane dérivé
(ICD) des distillats moyens par combustion dans une chambre à volume constant
EN 15751, Combustibles pour automobiles — Esters méthyliques d’acides gras (EMAG) et mélanges avec
gazole — Détermination de la stabilité à l’oxydation par méthode d’oxydation accélérée
EN 15940, Combustibles pour automobiles — Gazoles paraffiniques de synthèse ou obtenus par
hydrotraitement — Exigences et méthodes d’essais
EN 16329, Combustibles pour moteurs diesel et pour installations de chauffage domestique — Détermination de
la température limite de filtrabilité — Méthode au bain à refroidissement linéaire
EN 16715, Produits pétroliers liquides — Détermination du délai d’inflammation et de l’indice de cétane dérivé
(ICD) des distillats moyens — Détermination du délai d’inflammation et de combustion en utilisant une chambre
à volume constant avec injection direct du combustible
EN 17155, Produits pétroliers liquides — Détermination de l’indice de cétane indiqué (ICI) des distillats
moyens — Méthode d’étalonnage avec combustibles de référence primaires et chambre de combustion à volume
constant
ASTM D240, Standard Test Method for Heat of combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
ASTM D664, Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
ASTM D2622, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray
Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM D4294, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray
Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM D6751, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
ASTM D6890, Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by
Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber
ASTM D7371, Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel
Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
ASTM D7668, Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—
Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
ASTM D7963, Standard Test Method for determination of the contamination level of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
in middle distillate and residual fuels using flow analysis by Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy-rapid
screening method
ASTM D8183, Standard Test Method for Determination of Indicated Cetane Number (ICN) of Diesel Fuel Oils
using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber—Reference Fuels Calibration Method
IP 470, Determination of aluminium, silicon, vanadium, nickel, iron, calcium, zinc and sodium in residual fuel oil
by ashing, fusion and atomic absorption spectrometry
IP 500, Determination of the phosphorus content of residual fuels by ultra-violet spectrometry
IP 501, Determination of aluminium, silicon, vanadium, nickel, iron, sodium, calcium, zinc and phosphorus in
residual fuel oil by ashing, fusion and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry
IP 570, Determination of hydrogen sulfide in fuel oils — Rapid liquid phase extraction method
IP 631, Determination of the contamination level of fatty acid methyl esters in middle distillate and residual fuels
using Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy — Rapid Screening Method
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en normalisation,
consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
combustible à ultra faible teneur en soufre
ULSFO
combustible pour la marine d'une teneur maximale en soufre de 0,10 % en masse
3.2
combustible à très faible teneur en soufre
VLSFO
combustible pour la marine d'une teneur maximale en soufre de 0,50 % en masse
3.3
combustible à haute teneur en soufre
HSFO
combustible pour la marine d'une teneur en soufre supérieure à 0,50 % en masse
3.4
ester méthylique d'acide gras
EMAG
ester obtenu par transestérification ou estérification de graisses et d'huiles d’origine végétale ou animale
Note 1 à l'article: Voir l’Annexe A pour des informations sur les combustibles liquides d'origine biologique, incluant les
esters méthyliques d’acides gras.
3.5
biosourcé
complètement ou partiellement issu de la biomasse (3.7)
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2022, 3.23, modifié — «complètement ou partiellement» ajouté.]
3.6
biocombustible
combustible produit directement ou indirectement à partir de la biomasse (3.7)
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2022, 3.27, modifié — «solide, liquide ou gazeux» supprimé.]
3.7
biomasse
matériau d'origine biologique à l'exclusion des matériaux intégrés dans des formations géologiques et/ou
fossilisées
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2022, 3.32, modifié — Exemple et Note 1 à l’article supprimés.]
3.8
biodiesel
nom générique du carburant biosourcé (3.5) ayant des propriétés similaires à celles du gazole ou du gazole
contenant des mélanges biosourcés
Note 1 à l'article: Le terme est souvent utilisé pour décrire les esters méthyliques d’acides gras (EMAG) (3.4), mais il
n'est pas exclusif pour décrire les EMAG ou le carburant contenant des EMAG.
3.9
bio-distillat marin
mélange d'un combustible pour la marine à base de distillat de pétrole avec un combustible liquide
biosourcé (3.5)
Note 1 à l'article: Le grade DF est utilisé pour décrire la qualité de combustible pour la marine bio-distillé.
3.10
biocombustible marin résiduel
mélange d'un combustible marin résiduel à base de pétrole avec un combustible liquide biosourcé (3.5)
Note 1 à l'article: Le grade RF est utilisé pour décrire la qualité de combustible pour la marine bio-résiduel.
3.11
hydrocarbure synthétique
hydrocarbure liquide obtenu par synthèse
3.12
hydrocarbure renouvelable
hydrocarbure liquide produits à partir de ressources renouvelables
Note 1 à l'article: La biomasse (3.7) est un exemple de ressource renouvelable.
3.13
gazole paraffinique
hydrocarbures liquides obtenus par synthèse ou hydrotraitement
EXEMPLE Diesel synthétique, diesel renouvelable, huile végétale hydrotraitée (HVO) (3.14).
3.14
huile végétale hydrotraitée
HVO
hydrocarbure liquide produit à partir de matières premières renouvelables par hydrotraitement
Note 1 à l'article: Également appelé gazole renouvelable ou gazole paraffinique (3.13).
3.15
gas to liquid
GTL
hydrocarbures liquides obtenus par la conversion du gaz naturel ou d'autres hydrocarbures gazeux fossiles
3.16
biomass to liquid
BTL
hydrocarbures liquides obtenus par la conversion de la biomasse (3.7) par des procédés thermochimiques
(gazéification)
3.17
power to liquid
PtL
hydrocarbures liquides obtenus par conversion d’électricité
3.18
stabilité
stabilité d'un combustible résiduel
résistance à la décomposition et à la précipitation des boues asphalténiques malgré son exposition à des
contraintes, thermiques et de vieillissement par exemple, quand le combustible est stocké, manipulé et traité
dans des conditions normales d’exploitation
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.1, modifié — «manipulé et stocké» remplacé par «stocké, manipulé et
traité».]
3.19
compatibilité
capacité de deux combustibles ou plus à être mélangés dans des proportions définies sans signe de séparation
des produits qui peut conduire à la formation de plusieurs phases, comme la floculation, où des particules
dispersées d’asphaltènes forment des agrégats qui peuvent entrainer la formation de boues
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.2, modifié — «pourrait» et «pourraient» respectivement remplacés par
«peut» et «peuvent».]
3.20
point de trouble
CP
température à laquelle un produit liquide limpide devient trouble par l'apparition de cristaux de paraffine
lorsque le produit est refroidi dans les conditions spécifiques
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.4]
3.21
température limite de filtrabilité
TLF
température la plus élevée à laquelle un volume déterminé de distillat cesse de traverser en un temps
prescrit un appareil de filtration normalisé quand il est soumis à un refroidissement dans des conditions
normalisées
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.5]
3.22
point d’écoulement
PP
température la plus basse à laquelle un combustible continue à s'écouler lorsqu'il est refroidi dans les
conditions normalisées spécifiées
[SOURCE: ISO/PAS 23263:2019, 3.6]
3.23
sédiments totaux existants
TSE
masse totale des matières organiques et inorganiques insolubles, séparées de la masse de l'échantillon par
filtration à travers un filtre spécifié, et également insolubles dans un solvant principalement paraffinique
Note 1 à l'article: Les TSE sont obtenus par filtration à chaud.
[SOURCE: ISO 10307-1:2009, 3.1, modifié — «existants» ajouté au terme; «TSE» ajouté comme terme
privilégié; Note 1 à l'entrée ajoutée.]
3.24
sédiments totaux potentiels
TSP
sédiments totaux après vieillissement d'un échantillon de combustible résiduel pendant 24 h à 100 °C dans
des conditions spécifiées
[SOURCE: ISO 10307-2:2009, 3.1, modifié — «TSP» ajouté comme terme privilégié; «, déterminés selon la
norme ISO 10307-1,» supprimé de la définition.]
3.25
sédiments totaux accélérés
TSA
sédiments totaux, déterminés selon la norme ISO 10307-1, après dilution d'un échantillon de combustible
résiduel avec de l'hexadécane dans un rapport de 1 ml pour 10 g d'échantillon dans des conditions
soigneusement contrôlées, suivie d'un stockage pendant 1 heure à 100 °C
[SOURCE: ISO 10307-2:2009, 3.2, modifié — «TSA» ajouté comme terme privilégié; «, déterminés selon la
norme ISO 10307-1,» supprimé de la définition.]
3.26
huile lubrifiante usagée non raffinée
HLU non raffinée
huile qui n’a pas été traitée et filtrée pour éliminer les additifs et les contaminants de l'huile lubrifiante
Note 1 à l'article: Une huile lubrifiante usagée raffinée peut être utilisée comme mélange pour les combustibles pour
la marine.
4 Application et échantillonnage
Le présent document spécifie les propriétés requises d’un combustible au moment et à l'endroit du transfert
de garde, avant toute manipulation et traitement à bord.
NOTE Des conseils appropriés sur les systèmes de traitement des carburants pour moteurs diesel figurent dans la
Référence [5].
L'échantillonnage d’un combustible est une partie importante du contrôle de sa qualité et il convient
de le réaliser conformément à l'ISO 13739 ou à une norme nationale équivalente. L’échantillon doit être
représentatif de la quantité totale de combustible chargée sur le navire destinataire et peut être prélevé en
tout lieu convenu entre les parties.
Les essais sur le combustible doivent être effectués conformément aux méthodes d’essai indiquées dans le
Tableau 1, le Tableau 2, le Tableau 3 ou le Tableau 4, selon le cas.
5 Exigences générales
5.1 Le combustible fourni doit être homogène et conforme aux caractéristiques et limites indiquées dans
le Tableau 1, le Tableau 2, le Tableau 3 ou le Tableau 4, selon le cas, lorsqu'il est testé conformément aux
méthodes spécifiées. Les méthodes d'essai et les références listées dans les Tableaux 1, 2, 3 et 4doivent être
appliquées.
La composition du combustible doit consister:
— principalement d’hydrocarbures provenant de sources pétrolières;
ou
— d’hydrocarbures dont la structure moléculaire ne se distingue pas ce celles des hydrocarbures pétroliers,
dérivés:
— de sources synthétiques ou renouvelables, comme les gazoles paraffiniques, par exemple les huiles
végétales hydrotraitées (HVO), ou issus des process «gas to liquid» (GTL), «biomass to liquid» (BTL)
ou «power to liquid» (PtL);
— d’un co-traitement en raffinerie de matières premières renouvelables ou recyclées avec des matières
premières pétrolières;
ou
— d’esters méthyliques d’acides gras (EMAG) tels que définis dans le présent document;
ou
— d’un mélange de ce qui précède.
En ce qui concerne les EMAG, le présent document inclut des catégories pour les combustibles ne contenant
pas d’EMAG et des grades pour les combustibles contenant un pourcentage convenu d'EMAG.
Pour les combustibles ne contenant pas d'EMAG:
— Les produits des catégories DMA, DMZ, DMB et RM ne doivent pas contenir d’EMAG à un niveau autre
que “de minimis”. Dans le contexte du présent document, une quantité d’EMAG «de minimis» signifie une
quantité ne dépassant pas approximativement 0,5 %. Les produits de la catégorie DMX doivent être
exempts d’EMAG.
NOTE Voir l'Annexe A pour de plus amples informations.
Pour les combustibles avec une teneur en EMAG convenue:
— Les produits des catégories DF et RF sont des combustibles contenant des EMAG, ces derniers devant
être conformes aux exigences spécifiées dans la norme EN 14214, à l'exception
a) de la teneur en soufre, qui est une exigence réglementaire;
b) des exigences en matière de point de trouble (CP) et de température limite de filtrabilité (TLF)
puisque celles-ci sont couvertes par les exigences concernant le mélange final de combustible pour
la marine listées dans le Tableau 1 du présent document;
ou ASTM D6751, à l'exception de la teneur en soufre.
— La teneur en EMAG du combustible (pourcentage en masse ou en volume) ainsi que les normes EMAG
(EN 14214 ou ASTM D6751) doivent être communiquées avant la livraison et être en ligne avec les
recommandations du fabricant d’équipement d’origine. Si d'autres normes nationales relatives aux EMAG
sont proposées, se reporter à l’Annexe A.
5.2 Le combustible ne doit contenir aucun produit, y compris des substances ajoutées et/ou des espèces
chimiques, à une concentration telle que le combustible ne puisse pas être utilisé sans:
a) mettre en péril la sécurité du navire; ou
b) affecter négativement les performances de la machinerie; ou
c) être nocif pour le personnel.
NOTE Voir l’Annexe B pour des informations sur la composition des combustibles pour la marine.
5.3 Le combustible doit être exempt d'acides inorganiques et de chlorures organiques (hydrocarbures
chlorés).
NOTE 1 Voir 6.6 et 6.17.
NOTE 2 Voir l’Annexe B pour des informations sur la composition des combustibles pour la marine.
5.4 Sous réserve d’être en conformité avec les exigences définies en 5.1, 5.2 et 5.3, les additifs qui
améliorent certaines caractéristiques des combustibles ou leur performance sont autorisés.
6 Méthodes d'essai
6.1 Masse volumique
En cas de litige sur la masse volumique, toutes les parties doivent s'accorder, avant un essai supplémentaire,
sur la méthode d'essai à utiliser.
6.2 CCAI
L'indice de carbone aromatique calculé (CCAI) doit être conforme au Tableau 2, Tableau 3 ou Tableau 4.
[7]
La valeur du CCAI, I , est calculée suivant l’équation de Lewis, et al. en utilisant la Formule (1):
CCA
T +273
Il=−ρ 81−⋅141 gl[]g0()v+ ,85l−⋅483 g (1)
CCA 15
où
ρ est la masse volumique à 15 °C, exprimée en kilogrammes par mètre cube;
ν est la viscosité cinématique à la température T, exprimée en millimètres carré par seconde;
T est la température, exprimée en degrés Celsius, à laquelle la viscosité cinématique est
déterminée.
La masse volumique, ρ , et la viscosité, ν, doivent être déterminées selon les méthodes d’essai spécifiées
dans les Tableaux 2, 3 ou 4.
NOTE 1 Voir l'Annexe C pour des informations sur les caractéristiques d'inflammation des combustibles marins
résiduels.
NOTE 2 Pour les moteurs et/ou les applications où la qualité d'auto-inflammation est connue pour être
particulièrement critique, l'Annexe C fournit une base à partir de laquelle les acheteurs et les vendeurs de combustibles
résiduels peuvent convenir de caractéristiques d'auto-inflammation plus sévères.
NOTE 3 Pour certains mélanges de combustibles, lorsque la masse volumique est proche de ou égale à la limite
maximale, la limite de CCAI restreint les combinaisons de masse volumique et de viscosité.
NOTE 4 Le CCAI a été développé à l'origine pour les combustibles dérivés du pétrole. En tant que tel, son
applicabilité aux biocombustibles marins résiduels et la corrélation masse volumique/viscosité avec la performance
d'auto-inflammation n'ont pas été établies.
6.3 Soufre
Les Tableaux 1, 3 et 4 ne fixent pas de limites de teneur en soufre, car il appartient à l'acheteur de spécifier
la teneur maximale en soufre lorsqu'il commande le combustible, sur la base de l’exigence réglementaire
applicable à l'endroit où le combustible sera utilisé ou de toute exigence existante en matière de système
d’épuration des gaz d’échappement.
Pour les combustibles contenant des EMAG, la fidélité de l’essai soufre n’a pas été établie pour les méthodes
d’essai spécifiées dans l’ISO 8754 et l’ISO 14596. Pour les distillats contenant des EMAG, la fidélité de l’essai
soufre a été établie pour la méthode d’essai spécifiée dans l’ASTM D4294.
La méthode d'essai de référence doit être celle spécifiée dans l'ISO 8754 pour les distillats (DM) et les
combustibles résiduels (RM), dans l’ASTM D4294 pour les distillats contenant des EMAG (DF), et dans
l’ASTM D4294 ou l'ASTM D2622 pour les combustibles résiduels contenant des EMAG (RF).
En cas de litige sur la teneur en soufre, toutes les parties doivent s’entendre, avant de procéder à des essais
supplémentaires, sur un matériau de référence certifié pour la teneur en soufre et, pour les grades RF, sur la
méthode d'essai de référence.
6.4 Point d'éclair
Le point d'éclair de tous les combustibles est fixé à 60 °C minimum conformément à la Convention
[3]
internationale pour la sauvegarde de la vie humaine en mer (SOLAS). Seul le grade DMX fait exception à
cette règle avec un point d'éclair de 43°C minimum.
Les combustibles peuvent générer une atmosphère inflammable dans le ciel gazeux d'une citerne, même
quand ils sont stockés à des températures inférieures au point d'éclair mesuré. Des précautions appropriées
...
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