SIST EN ISO 534:2005
(Main)Paper and board - Determination of thickness, density and specific volume (ISO 534:2005)
Paper and board - Determination of thickness, density and specific volume (ISO 534:2005)
ISO 534:2005 specifies two methods for measuring the thickness of paper and board:
a) the measurement of a single sheet of paper or board, as a single sheet thickness,
b) the measurement of a pack of sheets of paper as a bulking thickness.
It also specifies the following calculation methods, from the thickness determinations:
calculation methods for the apparent sheet density and for the apparent bulk density;
calculation methods for the apparent specific sheet volume and for the apparent specific bulk volume.
It is not applicable to corrugated fibreboard, and method a) is not applicable to materials with a grammage higher than 225 g/m2.
Papier und Pappe - Bestimmung der Dicke, der Dichte und des spezifischen Volumens (ISO 534:2005)
Diese Internationale Norm legt zwei Verfahren zur Messung der Dicke von Papier und Pappe fest:
a) Messung eines Einzelblattes von Papier oder Pappe als Einzelblattdicke;
b) Messung eines Stapels von Papierblättern mit der mittleren Dicke eines Einzelblattes.
Abgeleitet aus der Bestimmung der Dicke legt sie ferner Berechnungsverfahren fest für:
- die scheinbare Blattdichte und die scheinbare Stapeldichte und-
- das scheinbare spezifische Volumen des Blattes und das scheinbare spezifische Volumen des Stapels.
Diese Internationale Norm ist nicht anwendbar auf Wellpappe. Verfahren a) ist für Materialien mit einer flächenbezogenen Masse von mehr als 225 g/m2 nicht geeignet.
ANMERKUNG 1 Im Allgemeinen führen diese beiden Verfahren zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen.
ANMERKUNG 2 Für Tissue-Papier und Tissue-Produkte sollte ISO 12625-3 angewendet werden.
Papier et carton - Détermination de l'épaisseur, de la masse volumique et du volume spécifique (ISO 534:2005)
L'ISO 534:2005 spécifie deux méthodes de mesure de l'épaisseur de papier et de carton:
a) le mesurage sur une feuille unique de papier ou de carton, exprimé par l'épaisseur d'une feuille unique;
b) le mesurage sur une liasse de feuilles de papier, exprimé par l'épaisseur moyenne d'une feuille en liasse.
Elle spécifie en outre des méthodes de calcul, à partir des déterminations de l'épaisseur,
de la masse volumique apparente d'une feuille unique et de la masse volumique apparente d'une feuille en liasse, ainsi que
du volume apparent spécifique d'une feuille unique et du volume apparent spécifique d'une feuille en liasse.
L'ISO 534:2005 n'est pas applicable au carton ondulé. En outre, la méthode a) n'est pas adaptée à des matériaux ayant un grammage supérieur à 225 g/m2.
Papir, karton in lepenka - Ugotavljanje debeline, gostote in specifičnega volumna (ISO 534:2005)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 534:2005
01-maj-2005
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 20534:2000
3DSLUNDUWRQLQOHSHQND8JRWDYOMDQMHGHEHOLQHJRVWRWHLQVSHFLILþQHJDYROXPQD
,62
Paper and board - Determination of thickness, density and specific volume (ISO
534:2005)
Papier und Pappe - Bestimmung der Dicke, der Dichte und des spezifischen Volumens
(ISO 534:2005)
Papier et carton - Détermination de l'épaisseur, de la masse volumique et du volume
spécifique (ISO 534:2005)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 534:2005
ICS:
85.060 Papir, karton in lepenka Paper and board
SIST EN ISO 534:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 534:2005
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 534:2005
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 534
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2005
ICS 85.060 Supersedes EN 20534:1993
English version
Paper and board - Determination of thickness, density and
specific volume (ISO 534:2005)
Papier et carton - Détermination de l'épaisseur, de la Papier und Pappe - Bestimmung der Dicke, der Dichte und
masse volumique et du volume spécifique (ISO 534:2005) des spezifischen Volumens (ISO 534:2005)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 January 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 534:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 534:2005
EN ISO 534:2005 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 534:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6
"Paper, board and pulps" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 172 "Pulp, paper
and board", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2005, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2005.
This document supersedes EN 20534:1993.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 534:2005 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 534:2005 without any
modifications.
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 534:2005
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 534
Third edition
2005-02-01
Paper and board — Determination of
thickness, density and specific volume
Papier et carton — Détermination de l'épaisseur, de la masse
volumique et du volume spécifique
Reference number
ISO 534:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 534:2005
ISO 534:2005(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 534:2005
ISO 534:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 3
6 Sampling . 3
7 Conditioning . 3
8 Preparations of test pieces . 3
9 Procedure . 5
10 Calculation and expression of results. 6
11 Test report . 8
Annex A (normative) Verification of micrometer performance and calibration. 9
Annex B (informative) Remarks on the precision . 11
Bibliography . 13
© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 534:2005
ISO 534:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 534 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test
methods and quality specifications for paper and board.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 534:1988), which has been technically revised
and where the major revision is the introduction of the concept of specific volume.
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 534:2005
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 534:2005(E)
Paper and board — Determination of thickness, density and
specific volume
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies two methods for measuring the thickness of paper and board:
a) the measurement of a single sheet of paper or board as a single sheet thickness;
b) the measurement of a pack of sheets of paper as a bulking thickness.
It also specifies calculation methods
for the apparent sheet density and for the apparent bulk density, and
for the apparent specific sheet volume and for the apparent specific bulk volume
from the thickness determinations.
This International Standard is not applicable to corrugated fibreboard. In addition, method a) is not suitable for
2
materials with a grammage higher than 225 g/m .
NOTE 1 The two methods generally lead to different results.
NOTE 2 For tissue paper and tissue products, ISO 12625-3 should be used.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for
monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples
ISO 536, Paper and board — Determination of grammage
© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 534:2005
ISO 534:2005(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
single sheet thickness
distance between one surface of a paper or board and the other, measured under an applied static load, using
the standard test method
3.2
bulking thickness
thickness of a single sheet of paper, calculated from the thickness of several superimposed sheets in a pack,
and measured under an applied static load, using the standard test method
3.3
apparent sheet density
mass per unit volume, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre, and calculated from the single sheet
thickness (3.1)
NOTE This term is normally applicable to paper or board.
3.4
apparent bulk density
mass per unit volume, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre, and calculated from the bulking thickness
(3.2)
NOTE This term is normally applicable to paper.
3.5
apparent specific sheet volume
volume per unit mass, expressed in cubic centimetres per gram, and calculated from the single sheet
thickness (3.1)
NOTE This term is normally applicable to paper or board.
3.6
apparent specific bulk volume
volume per unit mass, expressed in cubic centimetres per gram, and calculated from the bulking thickness
(3.2)
NOTE This term is normally applicable to paper.
4 Principle
4.1 Measurement of the single sheet thickness (3.1) or of the bulking thickness (3.2), according to the
test requirements, by means of a high-precision micrometer.
4.2 Calculation of the apparent sheet density (3.3) or apparent bulk density (3.4) of the paper or board,
from a knowledge of its grammage and thickness.
4.3 Calculation of the apparent specific sheet volume (3.5) or apparent specific bulk volume (3.6) of
the paper or board, from a knowledge of its grammage and thickness.
2 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 534:2005
ISO 534:2005(E)
5 Apparatus
5.1 Dead-weight micrometer, provided with two plane, parallel, circular pressure faces, between which the
paper or board is placed for measurement.
The preferred pressure exerted between the pressure faces during the thickness measurement shall be
(100 ± 10) kPa. As an alternative pressure, (50 ± 5) kPa is also permitted.
The two pressure faces shall form an integral part of the micrometer, such that one face is fixed (the anvil) and
the other is movable in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the fixed face.
One face shall be (16,0 ± 0,5) mm in diameter and the second face shall be of such a size that it is in contact
with the whole area of the other face when the micrometer reads zero. Thus, a circular region of a test piece,
2
nominally 200 mm in area, is subjected during the thickness measurement to the pressure exerted between
the faces.
The performance requirements of the micrometer shall be such that, when calibrated according to the method
given in Annex A, the micrometer complies with the required pressure of (100 ± 10) kPa, alternatively
(50 ± 5) kPa, and the performance requirements as shown in Table 1 (see also 9.1).
Table 1 — Micrometer performance requirements
a
Micrometer characteristics
Maximum permitted value
Indication error ± 2,5 µm or ± 0,5 % of the reading
Error of parallelism between pressure faces 5 µm or 1 %
Repeatability of measurement (as standard 1,2 µm or 0,5 %
deviation)
NOTE Where a tolerance is expressed in the form of a percentage, it is based upon the thickness of the
test piece under test. Thus, it is possible for a given micrometer to comply with the requirements of this table for
some materials, but not for others.
a
The maximum permitted value of a micrometer characteristic is the greater of the two values.
5.2 Thickness gauges, corresponding to approximately 10 %, 30 %, 50 %, 70 % and 90 % of the full-scale
reading of the micrometer. The thickness of each gauge shall be known to an accuracy of 0,3 µm.
6 Sampling
If the tests are made to evaluate a lot, select the sample in accordance with ISO 186. If the tests are made on
another type of sample, make sure that the test pieces taken are representative of the sample received.
7 Conditioning
Condition the sample in accordance with ISO 187.
8 Preparations of test pieces
8.1 General
Prepare the test pieces in the same standard atmospheric conditions as used to condition the sample. Avoid
areas with folds, creases, cracks or other defects which could influence the results.
© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 534:2005
ISO 534:2005(E)
8.2 Single sheet thickness
Cut not more than two test pieces from each specimen taken at random from the sample available, with
minimum dimensions 60 mm × 60 mm. Ensure that the test piece dimensions are not so large that the
micrometer reading is affected by the test piece mass that overhangs the lower pressure face while a
measurement is being made. When measuring board, do not use test pieces with dimensions exceeding
100 mm × 100 mm. These test piece dimensions are usually satisfactory for making measurements on paper.
Prepare at least 20 test pieces.
8.3 Bulking thickness
Cut sheets at random from the sample available, preferably having dimensions 200 mm × 250 mm, the
200 mm dimension being in the machine direction (see Figure 1). If this is not possible, prepare smaller
sheets of at least 150 mm × 150 mm.
Make up a pack of sheets to form the test piece and make sure that all the sheets are oriented in the same
way. Each sheet shall
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.