SIST EN ISO 12777-2:2001

Methods of test for pallet joints - Part 2: Determination of withdrawal and head pull-through resistance of pallet nails and staples (ISO 12777-2:2000)

This draft international standard gives methods of determining the resistance of pallet nails and staples to axial load by specifying test methods for determining: - a) characteristics and maximum load for axiallity loaded nailed or stapled joints (wood to wood) - b) characteristics and maximum load for axially loaded nailed or stapled joints (for wood to wood-based materials and wood to non-wood-based materials, such as plastic)

Prüfungen von Verbindungen an Paletten - Teil 2: Prüfung des Auszugs- und Kopfdurchzugswiderstandes von Nägeln und Klammern (ISO 12777-2:2000)

Dieser Teil der ISO 12777 beschreibt Verfahren für die Bestimmung des Widerstandes von Nägeln oder Klammern in Paletten gegen axiale Beanspruchung und legt Prüfverfahren fest für die Bestimmung von: a) Kenngrößen und maximale Beanspruchung für axial beanspruchte Nagel- oder Klammerverbindungen (Holz auf Holz); b) Kenngrößen und maximale Beanspruchung für axial beanspruchte Nagel- oder Klammerverbindungen (Holz auf Werkstoffe auf Holzbasis und auf Werkstoffe, die nicht auf Holzbasis hergestellt sind, wie Kunststoffe).

Méthodes d'essai des assemblages de palettes - Partie 2: Détermination de l'arrachage et de la résistance de la tete des clous et clous cavaliers de palettes (ISO 12777-2:2000)

La présente partie de l'ISO 12777 spécifie des méthodes permettant de déterminer la résistance des clous et des clous cavaliers des palettes à une charge axiale et prescrit les méthodes d'essai pour définir:  a) les caractéristiques et la charge maximum pour les assemblages (bois sur bois) réalisés avec des clous ou des clous cavaliers soumis à une charge axiale;  b) les caractéristiques et la charge maximum pour les assemblages (bois sur matériaux à base de bois et bois sur matériaux autres que le bois, tels que les plastiques) réalisés avec des clous ou des clous cavaliers soumis à une charge axiale.  Ces méthodes d'essai s'appliquent aux assemblages réalisés avec tous les types de clous d'un diamètre allant jusqu'à 7 mm (comprenant les clous ronds lisses, carrés, nervurés, torsadés, hélicoïdaux et filetés annelés) et peuvent également convenir pour d'autres éléments de fixation, tels que clous cavaliers pour le bois.

Preskusne metode veznih elementov palete - 2. del: Ugotavljanje odpornosti proti odstranjevanju in puljenju paletnih žebljev in trakov (ISO 12777-2:2000)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2001
• ICS: 55.180.20 - General purpose pallets
• Technical Committee: EPO - Packaging - sales and grouped
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Feb-2001
• Due Date: 01-Feb-2001
• Completion Date: 01-Feb-2001
• Ref Project: EN ISO 12777-2:2000 - Methods of test for pallet joints - Part 2: Determination of withdrawal and head pull-through resistance of pallet nails and staples (ISO 12777-2:2000)

Relations

• Parent: SIST EN ISO 12777-1:1998 - Methods of test for pallet joints - Part 1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other dowel-type fasteners and staples (ISO 12777-1:1994)
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008

Overview

EN ISO 12777-2:2000 - Methods of test for pallet joints - Part 2: Determination of withdrawal and head pull-through resistance of pallet nails and staples (ISO 12777-2:2000) specifies laboratory test methods to measure the axial resistance of pallet fasteners. The standard covers withdrawal resistance (load applied parallel or perpendicular to grain) and head pull‑through resistance for nails and staples used in pallet joints, including tests for wood-to-wood, wood-to-wood-based and wood-to-non‑wood materials (e.g., plastics).

Key topics and requirements

• Scope and fastener types: Applies to nails up to 7 mm diameter (plain, fluted, twisted, annular-thread, square, etc.) and to staples; may be suitable for other similar fasteners.
• Specimen preparation:
  • Minimum recommended sample: 16 specimens per variable for statistical treatment.
  • Timber selection and preparation per ISO 8970; moisture content and density measured per ISO 3130 / ISO 3131.
  • Specimens must be allowed at least 16 hours after assembly before testing; delayed testing effects should be considered.
• Test geometries and dimensions:
  • Withdrawal perpendicular to grain: nails driven to 8d–10d penetration; supports not closer than 6d (fibre direction) and 3d (perpendicular).
  • Withdrawal parallel to grain: nails driven to 8d–16d penetration; support clearances ≥ 3d.
  • Pull-through: specimen thickness ≥ 5d but not less than 12 mm (sheet materials use production thickness).
• Test procedure and measurement:
  • Load applied at a constant rate of 25 ± 5 mm/min; record load–displacement (or load–time) curves.
  • For pull-through, record nail head variables (shank diameter d, head diameter D, countersink angle φ) and report ultimate loads and characteristic curves.
• Material characterisation: For plastics include tensile properties, MFR/MVR (ISO 1133) and density (ISO 1183); for manufactured sheet materials document lay‑up, density and resin content.
• Reporting: Record bending strength (ISO 12777-1), withdrawal/pull-through rates, full test curves and all specimen/material data.

Practical applications

• Quality assessment of pallet nails and staples for strength and durability.
• Comparative testing of fastener designs and shank profiles for use in pallet manufacturing.
• Verifying suitability of fasteners for joining wood, plywood, particle board, and plastic pallet components.
• Input to design decisions for heavy-duty pallets, export pallets and unit-load systems where fastener axial performance is critical.

Who uses this standard

• Pallet and packaging manufacturers
• Fastener (nail/staple) manufacturers and R&D labs
• Independent materials and testing laboratories
• End-users specifying pallet performance (logistics, supply chain managers)
• Standards bodies and certification organizations

Related standards

• ISO 12777-1 (bending resistance of fasteners)
• ISO 12777-3 (pallet joint strength)
• ISO 6891, ISO 8970, ISO 3130, ISO 3131, ISO 1133, ISO 1183, ISO 445

Keywords: EN ISO 12777-2:2000, pallet nails, withdrawal resistance, head pull-through resistance, pallet joints, test methods, staples, axial load.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2001
Preskusne metode veznih elementov palete - 2. del: Ugotavljanje odpornosti proti
odstranjevanju in puljenju paletnih žebljev in trakov (ISO 12777-2:2000)
Methods of test for pallet joints - Part 2: Determination of withdrawal and head pull-
through resistance of pallet nails and staples (ISO 12777-2:2000)
Prüfungen von Verbindungen an Paletten - Teil 2: Prüfung des Auszugs- und
Kopfdurchzugswiderstandes von Nägeln und Klammern (ISO 12777-2:2000)
Méthodes d'essai des assemblages de palettes - Partie 2: Détermination de l'arrachage
et de la résistance de la tete des clous et clous cavaliers de palettes (ISO 12777-2:2000)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12777-2:2000
ICS:
55.180.20 9HþQDPHQVNHSDOHWH General purpose pallets
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12777-2
First edition
2000-04-15
Methods of test for pallet joints —
Part 2:
Determination of withdrawal and head
pull-through resistance of pallet nails
and staples
Méthodes d'essai des assemblages de palettes —
Partie2: Déterminationdel'arrachageetdelarésistancedelatêtedes
clous et clous cavaliers de palettes
Reference number
ISO 12777-2:2000(E)
©
ISO 2000
ISO 12777-2:2000(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 � CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 734 10 79
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

ISO 12777-2:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 12777 may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 12777-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 51, Pallets for unit load method
of materials handling.
ISO 12777 consists of the following parts, under the general title Methods of test for pallet joints:
� Part 1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other dowel-type fasteners and staples
� Part 2: Determination of withdrawal and head pull-through resistance of pallet nails and staples
� Part 3: Determination of pallet joint strength
ISO 12777-2:2000(E)
Introduction
In 1988 ISO/TC 51 considered developing standard test methods for pallet joints. It became evident that the lack of
International Standards on nail testing meant that fasteners (essential elements of pallet joints) could not be
characterized sufficiently to enable worthwhile progress on full joint testing. Although there were existing, or
partially developed, nail testing principles, it was considered that, in a practical situation where, for quality control
purposes or comparisons of nail quality, reasonably accurate and rapid nail strength data were required, one or
both, of the two existing commercial nail testers were better suited to the needs of pallet makers, pallet test
laboratories and nail manufacturers. This is now ISO 12777-1.
Preliminary work led the manufacturers of both machines to make design modifications to improve accuracy. An
evaluation, carried out with the cooperation of the manufacturers/agents of each nail test machine, demonstrated
that the technical requirements for nail test machines/principles were met by both machines. The principles of these
test methods are given in ISO 12777-1. They are primarily concerned with pallet joints in shear configuration.
This part of ISO 12777 extends the possibility of characterizing nails with relation to their axial configuration and the
methods involve standard laboratory testing equipment. However, these tests are more complex than those in
part 1 and are not suitable for routine quality control of pallets or pallet joints. Additionally, the highly significant
influence of delayed testing must be considered in all parts of ISO 12777. Values of strength frequently increase
even a few days after wood joint assembly and delayed testing may be more relevant to long-term pallet usage.
iv © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12777-2:2000(E)
Methods of test for pallet joints —
Part 2:
Determination of withdrawal and head pull-through resistance
of pallet nails and staples
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12777 specifies methods of determining the resistance of pallet nails and staples to axial load by
specifying test methods for determining:
a) characteristics and maximum load for axially loaded nailed or stapled joints (wood to wood);
b) characteristics and maximum load for axially loaded nailed or stapled joints (for wood to wood-based materials
and wood to non-wood-based materials, such as plastics).
These test methods apply to joints with all types of nails up to 7 mm in diameter (including plain round shank,
square, fluted, twisted, helical and annular threaded) and may also be suitable for other fasteners such as wood
staples.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 12777. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 12777 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 445:1996, Pallets for material handling — Vocabulary.
ISO 1133, Plastics — Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and the melt volume-flow rate (MVR) of
thermoplastics.
ISO 1183:1987, Plastics — Methods for determining the density and relative density of non-cellular plastics.
ISO 3130, Wood — Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests.
ISO 3131, Wood — Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests.
ISO 6891:1983, Timber structures — Joints made with mechanical fasteners — General principles for the
determination of strength and deformation characteristics.
ISO 8970, Timber structures — Testing of joints made with mechanical fasteners — Requirements for wood
density.
ISO 12777-1, Methods of test for pallet joints — Part 1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other
dowel-type fasteners and staples.
ISO 12777-2:2000(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 12777, the nail and staple terminology given in ISO 445:1996 and the following
terms and definitions apply. Other symbols are shown in Table 1.
3.1
nail
straight fastener made from round or square stock, usually pointed and headed, designed to be impulse driven
3.2
nail shank diameter
d
diameter measured over the plain section
3.3
staple
double right angled or U-shaped round, oval, square or rectangular wire fastener with two legs, usually of the same
length and usually pointed, connected by its crown
3.4
staple crown
connection between the two staple legs
3.5
crown width
L
distance between the staple legs
3.6
staple length
l
length of each staple leg, including the point, to the underside of the crown
3.7
crown angle
smallest angle measured between the crown direction and grain direction
3.8
crown centre
centre of staple crown from which all woo
...