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SIST EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003

(Main)

ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Data communications using short range devices; Access protocol, occupation rules and corresponding technical characteristics for the transmission of data

ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Data communications using short range devices; Access protocol, occupation rules and corresponding technical characteristics for the transmission of data

This EN covers both the basic radio parameters and the protocols to be used with low power devices sending short packets of data, e.g. consumer electronic equipment.

Elektromagnetna združljivost in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) – Podatkovne komunikacije, ki uporabljajo naprave kratkega dosega – Dostopovni protokol, pravila zasedenosti in ustrezne tehnične značilnosti za prenos podatkov

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2003
ICS
33.060.99 - Other equipment for radiocommunications
33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general
Technical Committee
SS EIT - Technical Board for the electrotechnical, information technology and telecommunications fields
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
01-Dec-2003
Due Date
01-Dec-2003
Completion Date
01-Dec-2003
Ref Project
ETSI EN 301 391 V1.1.1 (2000-01) - ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Data communications using short range devices; Access protocol, occupation rules and corresponding technical characteristics for the transmission of data

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EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Data communications using short range devices; Access protocol, occupation rules and corresponding technical characteristics for the transmission of data33.100.01Elektromagnetna združljivost na splošnoElectromagnetic compatibility in general33.060.99Druga oprema za radijske komunikacijeOther equipment for radiocommunicationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 301 391 Version 1.1.1SIST EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003en01-december-2003SIST EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003SLOVENSKI
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SIST EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003



ETSIEN301391V1.1.1(2000-01)EuropeanStandard(Telecommunicationsseries)ElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);Datacommunicationsusingshortrangedevices;Accessprotocol,occupationrulesandcorrespondingtechnicalcharacteristicsforthetransmissionofdataSIST EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003



ETSIETSIEN301391V1.1.1(2000-01)2ReferenceDEN/ERM-RP02-034Keywordsaccess,data,mobile,protocol,radioETSIPostaladdressF-06921SophiaAntipolisCedex-FRANCEOfficeaddress650RoutedesLucioles-SophiaAntipolisValbonne-FRANCETel.:+33492944200Fax:+33493654716SiretN°34862356200017-NAF742CAssociationàbutnonlucratifenregistréeàlaSous-PréfecturedeGrasse(06)N°7803/88Internetsecretariat@etsi.frIndividualcopiesofthisETSIdeliverablecanbedownloadedfromhttp://www.etsi.orgIfyoufinderrorsinthepresentdocument,sendyourcommentto:editor@etsi.frImportantnoticeThisETSIdeliverablemaybemadeavailableinmorethanoneelectronicversionorinprint.Inanycaseofexistingorperceiveddifferenceincontentsbetweensuchversions,thereferenceversionisthePortableDocumentFormat(PDF).Incaseofdispute,thereferenceshallbetheprintingonETSIprintersofthePDFversionkeptonaspecificnetworkdrivewithinETSISecretariat.CopyrightNotificationNopartmaybereproducedexceptasauthorizedbywrittenpermission.Thecopyrightandtheforegoingrestrictionextendtoreproductioninallmedia.©EuropeanTelecommunicationsStandardsInstitute2000.Allrightsreserved.SIST EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003



ETSIETSIEN301391V1.1.1(2000-01)3ContentsIntellectualPropertyRights.5Foreword.5Introduction.51Scope.62References.63Definitions,symbolsandabbreviations.73.1Definitions.73.2Symbols.73.3Abbreviations.84General.84.1Applicationsusingthisprotocol.84.2Conformitytothepresentdocument.84.2.1Declarationofconformity.84.2.2Measurementstobeperformed.94.2.3Interpretationofthemeasurementresults.95Technicalcharacteristicsoftheequipment.96Descriptionoftheaccessprotocol.96.1Channelaccessduration.96.2Principles.106.3Procedure.106.4Carriersensing.106.5Observationtime.116.6Messageprioritydelay.116.7DutyCycle.116.8Antiblocking.117Methodsofmeasurementandlimits.127.1Channelaccessduration.127.1.1Definition.127.1.2Methodofmeasurement.127.1.2.1Asingletransmitteraccessingthechannel.127.1.2.2Morethanonetransmitteraccessingthechannel.137.1.3Limit.137.2Replycarrierdelay.137.2.1Definition.137.2.2Methodofmeasurement.137.2.3Limit.137.3Antiblocking.137.3.1Definition.137.3.2Methodofmeasurement.147.3.3Limit.147.4Carriersensethreshold.147.4.1Definition.147.4.2Methodofmeasurement.147.4.3Limit.157.5Carriersensedelay.157.5.1Definition.157.5.2Methodofmeasurement.167.5.3Limit.167.6Observationtime.167.6.1Definition.16SIST EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003



ETSIETSIEN301391V1.1.1(2000-01)47.6.2Methodofmeasurement.167.6.3Limit.177.7Channelaccessingcarrierattacktime.177.7.1Definition.177.7.2Methodofmeasurement.187.7.3Limit.188Examplesofchannelaccesstiming.199Measurementuncertainty.20AnnexA(normative):Radiatedmeasurement.21A.1Testsitesandgeneralarrangementsformeasurementsinvolvingtheuseofradiatedfields.21A.1.1Anechoicchamber.21A.1.2Anechoicchamberwithaconductivegroundplane.22A.1.3OATS.23A.1.4Testantenna.24A.1.5Substitutionantenna.25A.1.6Measuringantenna.25A.2Guidanceontheuseofradiationtestsites.25A.2.1Verificationofthetestsite.25A.2.2PreparationoftheEUT.25A.2.3PowersuppliestotheEUT.25A.2.4Volumecontrolsettingforanaloguespeechtests.26A.2.5Rangelength.26A.2.6Sitepreparation.26A.3Couplingofsignals.27A.3.1General.27A.3.2DataSignals.27A.3.3Speechandanaloguesignals.27A.3.3.1Acousticcouplerdescription.28A.3.3.2Calibration.28Bibliography.29History.30SIST EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003



ETSIETSIEN301391V1.1.1(2000-01)5IntellectualPropertyRightsIPRsessentialorpotentiallyessentialtothepresentdocumentmayhavebeendeclaredtoETSI.TheinformationpertainingtotheseessentialIPRs,ifany,ispubliclyavailableforETSImembersandnon-members,andcanbefoundinSR000314:"IntellectualPropertyRights(IPRs);Essential,orpotentiallyEssential,IPRsnotifiedtoETSIinrespectofETSIstandards",whichisavailablefromtheETSISecretariat.LatestupdatesareavailableontheETSIWebserver(http://www.etsi.org/ipr).PursuanttotheETSIIPRPolicy,noinvestigation,includingIPRsearches,hasbeencarriedoutbyETSI.NoguaranteecanbegivenastotheexistenceofotherIPRsnotreferencedinSR000314(ortheupdatesontheETSIWebserver)whichare,ormaybe,ormaybecome,essentialtothepresentdocument.ForewordThisEuropeanStandard(Telecommunicationsseries)hasbeenproducedbyETSITechnicalCommitteeElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM).AnnexAisnormativeandprovidesadditionalinformationconcerningmeasurements.NationaltranspositiondatesDateofadoptionofthisEN:31December1999DateoflatestannouncementofthisEN(doa):31March2000DateoflatestpublicationofnewNationalStandardorendorsementofthisEN(dop/e):30September2000DateofwithdrawalofanyconflictingNationalStandard(dow):30September2000IntroductionThepresentdocumentspecifiesanaccessprotocolintendedtobeusedinequipmentemployingshortrange(radio)devicesforthecordlesstransferofsmalldatapackets.Itisintendedthattheimplementationofthisprotocolissufficientlysimpletosuitthelowcostsnecessaryforsomeproducts.Thepresentdocumentreliesonallequipmentonasharedchannelusingthisprotocol.Theprotocolallowsefficientchannelsharinginhighdatatrafficsituations,andhasbeendevisedtoprovideanequitablesharebetweenallusersofthechannel.Thepresentdocumentonlyappliestoapplicationsthatrequireinfrequentburstsofsmalldatapacketsforthepurposeofcontrolandlimiteddatatransferi.e.notcontinuousunbrokendatatransmission.Thisprotocolreliesontherebeingalimitedradiatedpowerandthereforealimitedrange,thusrestrictingtheoverlapoflocalusers(cellsize)toalevelwheretheprotocolcancopebytimesharingbetweenthem.Datacollisionisminimizedinthisprotocolbyusingcarriersensemultipleaccess(CSMA)whichrequiresthattheradiochannelissilentbeforestartinganytransmission.Arbitrationbetweencompetingusersisachievedbyusingapseudorandomlengthdelayperiodbeforetransmitting.Amechanismforprioritizingmessages,basedonmessagelength,isalsoprovidedaspartofthearbitrationprocess.SIST EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003



ETSIETSIEN301391V1.1.1(2000-01)61ScopeThepresentdocumentcoversaradiochannelaccessprotocolandprovidesalltheparametersthatareessentialforitsuse.ThepresentdocumenthasbeendesignedtobeusedwithShortRangeDevicessharingacommon,singlefrequency,radiochannelandtransmittingsmall(shortduration)datapackets.StandardsEN300220-1[1],EN300330[2]andI-ETS300440[3]providetechnicalcharacteristicsforshortrangedeviceequipment.Theseproductswillbeco-existingonthesameradiospectrum.Thepresentdocumentspecifiestheaccessprotocolandtheoccupationrulesfordatacommunicationsonaradiochannelsharedbydifferentusers.Thepresentdocumentdoesnotspecifyorimposeanyrestrictiononthebitrate,dataformatormodulationscheme.Thisaccessprotocolisnotintendedforapplicationsrequiringcontinuous(unbroken)datatransmission.2ReferencesThefollowingdocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsofthepresentdocument.•Referencesareeitherspecific(identifiedbydateofpublication,editionnumber,versionnumber,etc.)ornon-specific.•Foraspecificreference,subsequentrevisionsdonotapply.•Foranon-specificreference,thelatestversionapplies.•Anon-specificreferencetoanETSshallalsobetakentorefertolaterversionspublishedasanENwiththesamenumber.[1]EN300220-1(V1.2):"ElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);Shortrangedevices;Technicalcharacteristicsandtestmethodsforradioequipmenttobeusedinthe25MHzto1000MHzfrequencyrangewithpowerlevelsrangingupto500mW;Part1:Parametersintendedforregulatorypurposes".[2]EN300330:"ElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);ShortRangeDevices(SRD);Technicalcharacteristicsandtestmethodsforradioequipmentinthefrequencyrange9kHzto25MHzandinductiveloopsystemsinthefrequencyrange9kHzto30MHz".[3]I-ETS300440:"RadioEquipmentandSystems(RES);ShortRangeDevices(SRDs);Technicalcharacteristicsandtestmethodsforradioequipmenttobeusedinthe1GHzto25GHzfrequencyrange".[4]ETS300113:"RadioEquipmentandSystems(RES);Landmobileservice;Technicalcharacteristicsandtestconditionsforradioequipmentintendedforthetransmissionofdata(andspeech)andhavinganantennaconnector".[5]ETR273-2:"ElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);Improvementofradiatedmethodsofmeasurement(usingtestsites)andevaluationofthecorrespondingmeasurementuncertainties;Part2:Anechoicchamber".[6]ETR273-3:"ElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);Improvementofradiatedmethodsofmeasurement(usingtestsites)andevaluationofthecorrespondingmeasurementuncertainties;Part3:Anechoicchamberwithagroundplane".[7]ETR273-4:"ElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);Improvementofradiatedmethodsofmeasurement(usingtestsites)andevaluationofthecorrespondingmeasurementuncertainties;Part4:Openareatestsite".SIST EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003



ETSIETSIEN301391V1.1.1(2000-01)7[8]CEPT/ERCRecommendation70-03:"RelatingtotheuseofShortRangeDevices(SRD)".IncludingAppendicesandAnnexes.[9]IECPublication60489-3:"Methodsofmeasurementforradioequipmentusedinthemobileservices.Part3:ReceiversforA3EorF3Eemissions".3Definitions,symbolsandabbreviations3.1DefinitionsForthepurposesofthepresentdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply:attacktime:timetakenbetweenestablishingthatthechannelcanbeaccessedtotheactualinstantofaccess.Thedetaileddefinitionisgiveninsubclause7.7observationtime:definitionisgiveninsubclause6.5bit:binarydigitdatapacket:smallestquantityofdatasentovertheradiochannelinoneaccessperiod.Anumberofusefulbitsarealwayssenttogetherwithcorrespondingredundancybitsinanygivenpacket.Anacknowledgereply,ifused,isalsoincludedinthepacketmessage:userdatatobetransferredinoneormorepacketsinasessionmessagelength:timetakentotransmitamessage;thesumofthecarrierontimeofallthedatapacketsusedandthecarrieroff(silence)timesofallthedatapacketsusedreply:transmissionbyadeviceinanswertothe"initiatingtransmitter".Thisreplycanbeanacknowledge("ACK")oranegativeacknowledge("NACK")and/oralongerpacketofuseful/requestedinformationreplycarrierdelay:timeperiodbetweenendofatransmissionandstartofanacknowledge/replysilence:conditionofnodetectedcarrierenergyintheradiochannelinquestiontransmission(physical):onepackettransmittedbetweencarrieronandfinalcarrieroffofaparticulartransmitter3.2SymbolsForthepurposesofthepresentdocument,thefollowingsymbolsapply:dBdecibeldBmdBrelativeto1mWdBµVdBrelativeto1µVTxtransmitter(radio)SIST EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003



ETSIETSIEN301391V1.1.1(2000-01)83.3AbbreviationsForthepurposesofthepresentdocument,thefollowingabbreviationsapply:ACKACKnowledgeASKAmplitudeShiftKeyingCSMACarrierSenseMultipleAccessEUTEquipmentUnderTestfccarrierfrequency(bandcentre)FSKFrequencyShiftKeyingNACKNegativeACKnowledgeOATSOpenAreaTestSitePcSteadystatetransmitpowerPmeanMeanleveloftransmitpowerPoffcarrieroffpowerlevelPraccminimumreceiversensitivityneededtocheckthatachannelisfreePrcheckreceivedcarrierpowerlevel,generatedbyacheckingtransmitterPSKPhaseShiftKeyingQAMQuadratureAmplitudeModulationRFRadioFrequencytcreplycarrierdelaytimetffixedpartofobservationtimetoobservationtimetpprioritypartofobservationtimetrpseudorandompartofobservationtime4General4.1ApplicationsusingthisprotocolThisaccessprotocolappliestoawidevarietyofapplicationsoperatingatvariousdataratesinbothdomesticandindustrialfields.Toaccommodatethissituation,fourprioritylevelsareincludedwhichcorrespondtodifferentdatapacketlengths.This,forexample,improvesthechanceofaccessforasimplecontrolfunction(requiringafastresponsetime)infavourofafunctiontransferringalargeamountofdata(lesscriticalofresponsetime).Theprotocolmaybeusedwiththefollowingtypesofcommunication:-point-to-point(sourcetodestination);-point-to-multi-point(sourcetogroup);-multi-point-to-point(polling).4.2ConformitytothepresentdocumentConformitytotherequirementsofthepresentdocumentisbaseduponbothdeclarationsandmeasurements.4.2.1DeclarationofconformityThoseparameterscoveredbymanufacturersdeclarationaregiveninclause6ofthepresentdocument.Asigneddeclarationshallbeprovidedasconfirmationthattheequipmentmeetstherequirementsofthisaccessprotocol.Thisdeclarationmaybesubmittedbythemanufacturer,orhisrepresentative,togetherwiththeapplicationformfortests.Inthecasewherethecontrollingsoftwarefortheequipment(ormodulesthereof)hasnotbeendesignedbythemanufactureroftheradioequipment,theresponsiblepartyforengineeringsuchsoftwareshallalsoprovideasigneddeclarationofconformity.SIST EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003



ETSIETSIEN301391V1.1.1(2000-01)94.2.2MeasurementstobeperformedThesemeasurementsshallbeperformedforallpartsoftheequipmentincludedinthesystem,designedtousethisprotocol.Clause7ofthepresentdocumentgivesthemethodsofmeasurementsandlimitsfortheseparameters.Themanufacturershallprovideanynecessarytestpointsand/ortestfixtures,dedicatedtestequipment(ifneeded)and/ortestmodesforthepurposeoftestingandmakingmeasurements.Thefollowingmeasurementsandtestsshallbeperformed,inanaccreditedtestlaboratory:-channelaccessduration;-replycarrierdelay;-antiblocking;-carriersensethreshold;-carriersensedelay;-observationtime;-channelaccessingcarrierattacktime.4.2.3InterpretationofthemeasurementresultsTheinterpretationofthemeasurementresultsrecordedinatestreportforthemeasurementsdescribedinthepresentdocumentshallbeasfollows:a)themeasuredvaluerelatedtothecorrespondinglimitshallbeusedtodecidewhethertheequipmentundertestmeetstherequirementsofthepresentdocumentornot;b)theactualmeasurementuncertaintyofthetestlaboratorycarryingoutthemeasurement,foreachparticularmeasurement,shallbeincludedinthetestreport;c)thevaluesoftheactualmeasurementuncertaintyshallbe,foreachmeasurement,equaltoorlowerthanthefiguresgiveninclause9,absolutemeasurementuncertainties.5TechnicalcharacteristicsoftheequipmentThisprotocolisintendedtobeusedbyshortrangedevicesfulfillingtherequirementsofEN300220-1[1],EN300330[2]andI-ETS300440[3]asapplicable.Theuseofshortrangedevices(SRD)isalsocoveredinCEPT/ERCRecommendation70-03[8].Itisrecommendedthatthespreadoftheminimumreceptionsensitivitybetweenallmanufactureddevicesinasystembekeptassmallaspossible.Thisisintheinterestsofminimizingdataclashesbetweencompetingsystems.6DescriptionoftheaccessprotocolAlldevicesfulfillingthepresentstandardshallusethisprotocoleachtimetheyaccesstheRFchannelandtheRFchannelistobeusedonlybysuchdevices.6.1ChannelaccessdurationThetotaltimeduringwhichthechannelmaybeoccupiedforeachaccess(channelaccessduration)shallnotexceedthedurationgiveninsubclause7.1.3.Thisincludesthedurationofanyacknowledgementorreplyfromarespondingdevice.SIST EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003



ETSIETSIEN301391V1.1.1(2000-01)10Providedthatboththemaximumdurationofchanneloccupation(channelaccessduration)andthereplycarrierdelaylimitsarefulfilled,thechannelmaybeoccupiedbyasequenceofanynumberoftransmissions(involving,possibly,repliesfromoneormoretransmitters).If,therefore,areplyingdevice,ordevicesarerequiredtoreturndata(e.g.forhandshakepurposes),thenthetimetakentodothisshallbeincludedinthechannelaccessduration.Transferoflargequantitiesofdatashallbeachievedbydividingitupintosuitablysmallpacketstosatisfythisprotocol.6.2PrinciplesForthepurposeofchannelaccess,theequipmentdetermineswhetherornotthechannelisfreeandhasbeenfreefortheobservationtimetobymeansofcarriersensinginthechannel.Theobservationtime(seesubclause6.5)consistsofafixedpart,aprioritypartandapseudo-randomadditionalpart.Whenthechannelappearstohavebeencontinuouslyfreebytheendoftheobservationtime,thetransmittermaybeinitiatedandshallbepoweredupwithinthespecifiedtime(theaccessingcarrierattacktimedelay,seesubclause7.7).Thepriorityparthasbeenincludedintheobservationtimeforthepurposeofgivingprioritytoshortermessagesinordertoimprovetheirresponsetimechances.ThetotaldurationoftheRFcarrieremission(accesstime)islimited(seesubclauses6.1and7.1).Theoveralldutycyclelimitationisgiveninsubclause6.7.Thenumberoftransmissionretries(intendedtoovercometransmissioncollisionsandcorruption)shouldbelimitedtoamaximumof5.6.3ProcedureInordertogainaccesstotheradiochanneltheequipmentshalldeterminewhetherornotthechannelis,andhasbeen,freeduringtheobservationtimet0,bymeansofcarriersensing(seesubclause6.4).Ifthechannelappearstobefreethroughouttheobservationtimeandthereisinformationtobesent,thetransmissionshallthenbeinitiatedandRFcarrierradiationcommencedwithinthespecifiedtime(carrierattacktime;seesubclause7.7.1fordefinition).Oncethechannelhasbeenseizeditmaybeoccupiedforuptothemaximumtimeallowedforasinglechanneloccupancy(seesubclauses6.1and7.1).Attheendofatransmission,anotherobservationtimemaystartimmediately,unlessthedutycyclelimithasbeenreached(subclause6.7).Ifare-transmissionisrequired(due,forexample,toa"collision"),thissameprocessshallberepeatedand,onceagain,thechannelshallbedetectedasbeingfreeduringtheobservationtimepriortorepeatingtheattempttotransmit.Toensurethatnootherusercanaccessthechannelduringahalfduplexaccess,amaximumReplycarrierdelaytchasbeendefined(seesubclause7.2).6.4CarriersensingCarriersensing,ormoreappropriatelychannelenergysensing,isthedetectionofwhethertheRFlevelinthereceivechannelexceedsagiventhresholdornot.ThecarriersenseshallbeabletodetectRFsignalswithdifferenttypesofmodulation(e.g.FSK,ASK,PSK,QAMetc.).Thechannelshallberegardedasinuseduringtheobservationtime(seesubclause6.5)iftheleveloftheRFsignalonthechannelexceedsthethresholdgiveninsubclause7.4.3.Carriersensingshalltakeplacethroughouttheobservationtimeeithercontinuouslyoratregularintervalsnotexceeding250µµµµsandthecarriersensedelayshallnotexceedthelimitgiveninsubclause7.5.3.SIST EN 301 391 V1.1.1:2003



ETSIETSIEN301391V1.1.1(2000-01)116.5ObservationtimeTheobservationtimet0isthesumofthefixedparttf,thepriorityparttpandthepseudorandomparttr.t0=tf+tp+tr.Thefixedpart,tfoftheObservationtimeshallbenotlessthan5ms.Theprioritypart,tpoftheobservationtimeshallbenotlessthanthatgiveninthetableinsubclause6.6(0msto8ms).ThepseudorandomparttrshallconsistofarangeofNdifferentvaluesti.ThenumberNofthesedifferentvalues(ti)shallnotbelessthan11.Thedifferentvalues(ti)shallnotbelessthan1msofeachother.ThemeanofalltheseNvaluesshallnotbelessthan5ms.Thesmallestofthesedifferentvalues(ti)maybe0ms.AlloftheseNdifferentvalues(ti)shallbeusedinNsuccessivetransmissiontransactions.6.6MessageprioritydelayAprioritydelaytpshallbeincludedineachobservationtime.Thevalueusedfortpwillbeaccordingtothemessagelengthandisgivenintable1.Table1:MessageprioritydelaycategoriesCategoryDataPacketlengthPrioritydelaytpVeryshortnotgreaterthan12ms≥0msShortnotgreaterthan25ms≥2msNormalnotgreaterthan50ms≥5msLongnotgreaterthan100ms≥8ms6.7DutyCycleThedutycycleofdevicestransmittingmessagesshallbelimitedasgivenforcategory3indutycyclecategories,CEPT/ERCRecommendation70-03[8].DutycyclelimitationsareonlyprovidedinordertoavoidthatadeviceunabletoreceivecorrectlymayblockthechannelwithanunacceptableDutycycle.6.8AntiblockingInthecaseofinterference,thechannelmayappeartobeinconstantuse.Ina
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SIST EN 301 842-2 V1.3.1:2006(Main)
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); VHF air-ground Data Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for ground-based equipment; Part 2: Data link layer
ETSI EN 301 842-2 V1.3.1 (2005-04)

The present document states part 2 of the minimum performance requirements for VHF Datalink Mode 4 (VDL Mode 4) ground station equipment intended to be used for air-ground data communications, operating in the VHF band (117,975 MHz to 136,975 MHz and optionally 112,000 MHz to 117,975 MHz) allocated to the aeronautical mobile service. The equipment is also intended to be interoperable with mobile equipment supporting air-air data communications. It is designed to ensure that equipment certified to it will be compatible with the relevant ICAO VHF Digital Link (VDL) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) and VDL Mode 4 Technical Manual (TM) [1]. Manufacturers should note that all or part of the frequency band 108,000 MHz to 117,975 MHz might become available for aeronautical communications. The present document applies to Gaussian-filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) systems, with channel separations of 25 kHz intended for air-ground communications. The scope of the present document is limited to ground base stations.
The VDL system provides data communication exchanges between aircraft and ground based systems supporting surveillance and communication applications. The supported modes of communication include:
• broadcast and point-to-point communication;
• broadcast services including Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B), Traffic Information Service – Broadcast (TIS-B) and Flight Information Service - Broadcast (FIS-B) capabilities;
• air-air and ground-air services;
• operation without ground infrastructure.
VDL Mode 4 is designed to be an Air/Ground subsystem of the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) [8] using the AM(R)S band and it is organized according to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model (defined by ISO). It provides reliable sub network services to the ATN system. Other networks can also be supported but these have not been focussed on in the present document.
The present document specifies functional specifications of VHF communication ground station equipment intended to be used for air-ground and air-air data communications.

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SIST EN 301 841-2 V1.1.1:2006(Main)
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); VHF air-ground Digital Link (VDL) Mode 2; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for ground-based equipment; Part 2: Upper layers
ETSI EN 301 841-2 V1.1.1 (2004-03)

The present document applies to VDL Mode 2 ground-air digital communications using Differential Eight Phase Shift Keying (D8PSK), intended for channel increments of 25 kHz. The VDL Mode 2 system provides data communication exchanges between aircraft and ground-based systems. The scope of the present document is limited to ground-based stations. The VDL Mode 2 system is designed to be a Ground/Air sub-system of the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) using the AM(R)S band and it is organized according to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model (defined by ISO). It shall provide reliable subnetwork services to the ATN system. The present document provides functional specifications for ground-based radio equipment intended to be used for ground-air data communications. The present document is derived from the following documents:
• VDL Mode 2 SARPs version 3.0. ICAO Annex 10 Volume III part I [1].
• ED 92a [2]: "MOPS for an Airborne VDL Mode-2 Transceiver Operating in the frequency range 118-136.975 MHz" (2003), which specifies the airborne transceiver.
The present document consists of two parts:
• the first part provides functional specifications and test procedures for physical layer and MAC sub-layer;
• the second part provides functional specifications and test procedures for link and sub-network access layers.

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SIST EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1:2006(Main)
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment; Part 1: Physical layer
ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.1.1 (2005-05)

The present document provides part 1 of the technical specifications, and means of testing compliance, for Very High Frequency (VHF) Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 aeronautical mobile (airborne) radio transmitters, transceivers and receivers for air-ground and air-air communications operating in the VHF band, using Gaussian Filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation with 25 kHz channel spacing and capable of tuning to any of the 25 kHz channels from 118,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz as defined in ICAO VDL SARPs [2].
The present document is designed to ensure that equipment certified to it will be compatible with the relevant ICAO VDL SARPs [2] and ICAO VDL4 Technical Manual [1]. NOTE 1: In clause 6.1.12 the requirement is more stringent than required in ICAO VDL SARPs [2]. Manufacturers should note that in future the tuning range for the transmitter may also cover any 25 kHz channel from 112,000 MHz to 117,975 MHz and the receiver(s) may cover any 25 kHz channel from 108,000 MHz to 117,975 MHz. The present document applies to "aeronautical mobile (airborne and in some cases ground vehicles)" equipment which will hereinafter be referred to as "mobile" equipment. The scope of the present document is limited to mobile stations. The equivalent specification for ground stations is EN 301 842 [8].
The VDL Mode 4 system provides digital communication exchanges between aircraft and ground-based systems and other aircraft supporting surveillance and communication applications. The supported modes of communication include:
• broadcast and point-to-point communication;
• broadcast services including Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B), Traffic Information Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) and Flight Information Service - Broadcast (FIS-B) capabilities;
• air-air and ground-air services;
• operation without ground infrastructure.
The present document is derived from the specifications:
• ICAO VDL4 Technical Manual [1] and ICAO VDL SARPs [2] produced under the auspices of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
• Other relevant standards as defined in clause 2.
It is envisaged that manufacturers may provide equipment supporting:
• broadcast services only;
• point-to-point services only;
• both broadcast and point-to-point services.
The present document deals with tests of the physical layer necessary to support all types of equipment.
The present document includes:
• References, definitions, abbreviations and symbols are provided in clauses 2 and 3.
• Clause 4 provides a general description and architecture of VDL Mode 4.
• Clause 5 provides functional specifications applicable to the physical layer including transmitter/receiver requirements and the modulation scheme.
• Clause 6 provides VDL Mode 4 equipment requirements.
• Clause 7 provides general design requirements.
• Clause 8 provides environmental test requirements.
• Clause 9 provides detailed test procedures for the physical layer.
• Clause 10 provides installed equipment requirements.
The full physical layer tests are provided which correspond closely to the standard set of tests used for other VDL systems.
NOTE 2: Flight tests are defined in EN 302 842-2 [7].
Mandating and recommendation phrases
a) "Shall"
- The use of the word "Shall" indicates a mandated criterion; e.g. compliance with the particular procedure or specification is mandatory and no alternative may be applied.
b) "Should"
- The use of the word "Should" (and phrases such as "It is recommended that...", etc.) indicate that though the procedure or criterion is regarded as the preferred option, alternative procedures, specifications or criteria may be applied, provided that the manufacturer, installer or tester can provide information or data to adequately support and justify the alternative.

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SIST EN 301 025-1 V1.2.1:2006(Main)
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); VHF radiotelephone equipment for general communications and associated equipment for Class D Digital Selective Calling (DSC); Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement
ETSI EN 301 025-1 V1.2.1 (2004-07)

The present document covers the minimum requirements for general communication for shipborne fixed installations using a VHF radiotelephone with associated equipment for DSC - class D. These requirements include the relevant provisions of the ITU Radio Regulations, appendix 18 [1], ITU-R Recommendation M.493-10 [5] where class D is defined, M.825-3 [8] and incorporate the relevant guidelines of the IMO as detailed in MSC/Circ.803 [9].
The present document also specifies technical characteristics, methods of measurement and required test results.

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SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.1.1:2006(Main)
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range; Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement
ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.1.1 (2005-01)

The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices (SRD) working as broadband devices with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to 26,625 GHz frequency range intended for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications, such as automotive 24 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR) for e.g. obstacle detection, stop and go, blind spot detection, parking aid, backup aid, precrash and other automotive applications. The present document covers transmitters intended to operate in a temporary frequency designation as defined in a forthcoming decision of CEPT/ECC. The application is also subject to a forthcoming EU Commission decision on 24 GHz SRR. The present document applies to:
a) Transmitters in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,625 GHz operating as broadband devices over the specific bandwidth defined for the individual devices.
b) Receivers operating in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,625 GHz.
c) Integrated transceivers.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for short range radar equipment fitted with integral antennas operating in the 24 GHz range. The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. The present document covers short range radar mobile applications in the 24 GHz range. It covers integrated transceivers and separate transmit/receive modules. The present document covers only 24 GHz SRR equipment for road vehicles.

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SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1:2006(Main)
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.1.1 (2005-06)

The present document specifies the requirements for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications operating in all or part of the frequency band from 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz. Ground Probing Radars (GPR) and Wall Probing Radars (WPR) are used in survey and detection applications. The scope is limited to radars operated as short range devices (because of their usage and design), in which the system is in close proximity to the materials being investigated. It does not include radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft. The radar applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes. Their intended usage excludes radiation into the free space and means shall be taken to keep it to a minimum.
NOTE 1: Equipment using the frequencies typically below 100 MHz may use higher output power for geophysical applications and therefore, may not fulfil the emission requirements set out in the present document.
NOTE 2: Equipment covered by the present document is used by competent professional personnel. The present document applies to:
1) Ground Probing Radars (GPR) operating over approximately one decade in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly downwards into the ground. Any horizontal radiation from this equipment is caused by leakage and is considered as undesired emission.
2) Wall Probing Radars (WPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly into a "wall". The "wall" is a building material structure, the side of a bridge, the wall of a mine or another physical structure that absorbs a significant part of the signal transmitted by the radar.
3) Equipment fitted with integral antennas and without antenna connector.
4) Equipment which uses different imaging heads (antennas) with an antenna connector, to allow operation at different frequencies.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications.

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SIST EN 302 842-4 V1.1.1:2006(Main)
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment; Part 4: Point-to-point functions
ETSI EN 302 842-4 V1.1.1 (2005-05)

The present document provides part 4 of the technical specifications for Very High Frequency (VHF) Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 aeronautical mobile (airborne) radio transmitters, transceivers and receivers for air-ground and air-air communications operating in the VHF band, using Gaussian Filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation with 25 kHz channel spacing and capable of tuning to any of the 25 kHz channels from 118,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz as defined in ICAO VDL SARPs [2]. The present document is designed to ensure that equipment certified to it will be compatible with the relevant ICAO VDL SARPs [2] and ICAO VDL4 Technical Manual [1]. Manufacturers should note that in future the tuning range for the transmitter may also cover any 25 kHz channel from 112,000 MHz to 117,975 MHz and the receiver(s) may cover any 25 kHz channel from 108,000 MHz to 117,975 MHz. The present document applies to "aeronautical mobile (airborne and as applicable also ground vehicles)" equipment which will hereinafter be referred to as "mobile" equipment. The scope of the present document is limited to mobile stations. The equivalent specification for ground stations is EN 301 842 [4]. A description of the scope of the VDL Mode 4 system is provided in part 2 of these technical specifications (see EN 302 842-2 [6], clause 1). EN 302 842-1 [5] deals with tests of the physical layer, EN 302 842-2 [6] deals with core link layer functionality and EN 302 842-3 [7] with additional broadcast functionality. The present document deals with tests of the datalink layer (DLS) and the link layer sufficient to support point-to-point functionality. Note that, as described in EN 302 842-2 [6], a system supporting point-to-point functionality is required to conform to EN 302 842-1 [5], EN 302 842-2 [6] and the specification in the present document.
The present document includes:
• references, definitions and abbreviations are provided in clauses 2 and 3;
• clause 4 describes the VDL Mode 4 mobile station point-to-point functions;
• clause 5 performance specifications for the VDL Mode 4 mobile station;
• clause 6 provides general design requirements;
• clause 7 provides protocol tests for the point-to-point functions of the system;
• a document history is contained in clause 8;
• annex A provides a detailed cross-reference to the relevant requirements contained in ICAO VDL4 Technical Manual [1].
Note that the system can support a very wide range of functions. It is not practical to provide specific tests for all aspects of functionality. The approach used is to provide detailed tests for the core point-to-point functionality and to provide tests of those remaining requirements which, if wrongly implemented, could cause a deterioration in the service offered by other VDL Mode 4 stations.
Mandating and Recommendation Phrases
a) "Shall":
- The use of the word "Shall" indicates a mandated criterion; i.e. compliance with the particular procedure or specification is mandatory and no alternative may be applied.
b) "Should":
- The use of the word "Should" (and phrases such as "It is recommended that...", etc.) indicates that though the procedure or criterion is regarded as the preferred option, alternative procedures, specifications or criteria may be applied, provided that the manufacturer, installer or tester can provide information or data to adequately support and justify the alternative.

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