SIST EN 55016-1-5:2005
(Main)Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods -- Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods -- Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
This part of CISPR 16 is designated a basic standard which specifies the requirements for calibration test sites, used to perform antenna calibrations, as well as the test antenna characteristics, calibration site verification procedure and site compliance criteria. Further information on calibration site requirements, test antenna considerations and the theory of antennas and site attenuation is provided in informative annexes. Measurement instrumentation specifications are given in CISPR 16-1-1 and CISPR 16-1-4. Further information and background on uncertainties in general is given in CISPR 16-4-1, which may be helpful in establishing uncertainty estimates for the calibration processes of antennas.
Anforderungen an Geräte und Einrichtungen sowie Festlegung der Verfahren zur Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit -- Teil 1-5: Geräte und Einrichtungen zur Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit - Messplätze für die Antennenkalibrierung von 30 MHz bis 1 000 MHz
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques -- Partie 1-5: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Emplacements d'essai pour l'étalonnage des antennes de 30 MHz à 1 000 MHz
La présente partie de la CISPR 16 est une norme fondamentale qui spécifie les exigences pour l'étalonnage des emplacements d'essai, utilisés pour effectuer l'étalonnage des antennes, pour les caractéristiques des antennes d'essai, pour la procédure de vérification de l'étalonnage des emplacements d'essai et les critères de conformité des emplacements d'essai. Des informations complémentaires sur les exigences pour l'étalonnage des emplacements, des considérations sur l'antenne d'essai et la théorie des antennes et de l'affaiblissement de l'emplacement sont données en annexes informatives. Les spécifications de l'instrumentation de mesure sont données dans la CISPR 16-1-1 et la CISPR 16-1-4. Des informations supplémen-taires et générales sur les incertitudes sont données dans la CISPR 16-4-1, qui peut être utile pour établir les estimations de l'incertitude pour les processus d'étalonnage des antennes. La publication CISPR 16-1 a été réorganisée en 5 parties, dans le but de pouvoir gérer plus facilement son évolution et maintenance. Cette première édition de la CISPR 16-1-5, ainsi que les CISPR 16-1-1, CISPR 16-1-2, CISPR 16-1-3 et CISPR 16-1-4, annule et remplace la CISPR 16-1, publiée en 1999, l'amendement 1 (2002) et l'amendement 2 (2003). Elle contient les articles en rapport avec la CISPR 16-1 sans modifications de leur contenu technique.
Specifikacija za merilne naprave in metode za merjenje radijskih motenj in odpornosti – 1-5. del: Merilne naprave za merjenje radijskih motenj in odpornosti – Preskus umerjanja antene za 30 MHz do 1 000 MHz (CISPR 16-1-5:2003)
Ta del standarda CISPR 16 je označen kot osnovni standard, ki določa zahteve za preskusna območja za umerjanje, ki se uporabljajo za umerjanje anten, in tudi karakteristike preskusnih anten, postopek preverjanja območja za umerjanje in merila skladnosti območja. Več informacij o zahtevah za območja za umerjanje, premislekih o preskusnih antenah, teoriji o antenah in zmanjšanju območja je podanih v informativnih dodatkih. Specifikacije za merilne instrumente so podane v standardih CISPR 16-1-1 in CISPR 16-1-4. Dodatne informacije o splošnih negotovostih so podane v standardu CISPR 16-4-1, kar je lahko koristno pri ugotavljanju ocen negotovosti pri postopkih umerjanja anten.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 55016-1-5:2005
STANDARD
julij 2005
Specifikacija za merilne naprave in metode za merjenje radijskih motenj in
odpornosti – 1-5. del: Merilne naprave za merjenje radijskih motenj in
odpornosti – Preskus umerjanja antene za 30 MHz do 1 000 MHz (CISPR 16-1-
5:2003)
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods
– Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antenna
calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (CISPR 16-1-5:2003)
ICS 17.220.20; 33.100.20 Referenčna številka
SIST EN 55016-1-5:2005(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 55016-1-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2004
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20
English version
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods
Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
(CISPR 16-1-5:2003)
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils Anforderungen an Geräte und Einrichtungen
de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques sowie Festlegung der Verfahren zur Messung
et de l'immunité der hochfrequenten Störaussendung
aux perturbations radioélectriques (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit
Partie 1-5: Appareils de mesure Teil 1-5: Geräte und Einrichtungen
des perturbations radioélectriques
zur Messung der hochfrequenten
et de l'immunité aux perturbations Störaussendung (Funkstörungen)
radioélectriques – und Störfestigkeit –
Emplacements d'essai pour l'étalonnage Messplätze für die Antennenkalibrierung
des antennes de 30 MHz à 1 000 MHz von 30 MHz bis 1 000 MHz
(CISPR 16-1-5:2003) (CISPR 16-1-5:2003)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2004-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2004 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 55016-1-5:2004 E
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EN 55016-1-5:2004 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of the International Standard CISPR 16-1-5:2003, prepared by CISPR SCA, Radio-
interference measurements and statistical methods, was submitted to the formal vote and was
approved by CENELEC as EN 55016-1-5 on 2004-09-01 without any modification.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2005-09-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2007-09-01
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard CISPR 16-1-5:2003 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
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- 3 - EN 55016-1-5:2004
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE Where an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
CISPR 14-1 2000 Electromagnetic compatibility - EN 55014-1 2000
Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus
Part 1: Emission
CISPR 16-1-1 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-1-1 2004
immunity measuring apparatus and
methods
Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Measuring
apparatus
CISPR 16-1-4 2003 Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity EN 55016-1-4 2004
measuring apparatus - Ancillary
equipment - Radiated disturbances
CISPR/TR 16-4-1 2003 Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit - -
modeling - Uncertainties in standardized
EMC tests
CISPR 16-4-2 2003 Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit EN 55016-4-2 2004
modelling - Uncertainty in EMC
measurements
IEC 60050-161 1990 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV)
Chapter 161: Electromagnetic
compatibility
1993 International Vocabulary of Basic and
General Terms in Metrology,
International Organization for
Standardization
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INTERNATIONAL
CISPR
ELECTROTECHNICAL
16-1-5
COMMISSION
First edition
2003-11
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods –
Part 1-5:
Radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus – Antenna calibration test sites
for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
IEC 2003 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
PRICE CODE
XA
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.9
TABLE RECAPITULATING CROSS REFERENCES .11
1 Scope.13
2 Normative references.13
3 Definitions.15
4 Specifications and validation procedures for a test site to be used to calibrate
antennas in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz .17
4.1 Introduction.17
4.2 Antenna calibration test site (CALTS) specification.19
4.3 Test antenna specification.19
4.4 Antenna calibration test site validation procedure .25
4.5 Antenna calibration test site compliance criteria .35
4.6 The validation report.43
4.7 Validation of the CALTS for vertical polarization .47
Annex A (informative) CALTS requirements .49
Annex B (informative) Test antenna considerations.55
Annex C (informative) Antenna and site attenuation theory .67
Annex D (informative) Application of a fixed length dipole (30 MHz ≤ f ≤ 80 MHz) .91
Annex E (informative) Pascal Program used in C.1.3 .93
Annex F (informative) Checklist validation procedure .101
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CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard CISPR 16-1-5 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio
interference measurements and statistical methods.
This first edition of CISPR 16-1-5, together with CISPR 16-1-1, CISPR 16-1-2, CISPR 16-1-3
and CISPR 16-1-4, cancels and replaces the second edition of CISPR 16-1, published in
1999, amendment 1 (2002) and amendment 2 (2003). It contains the relevant clauses of
CISPR 16-1 without technical changes.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 7 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2005. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 9 –
INTRODUCTION
CISPR 16-1, CISPR 16-2, CISPR 16-3 and CISPR 16-4 have been reorganised into 14 parts,
to accommodate growth and easier maintenance. The new parts have also been renumbered.
See the list given below.
Old CISPR 16 publications New CISPR 16 publications
CISPR 16-1-1 Measuring apparatus
CISPR 16-1-2 Ancillary equipment – Conducted disturbances
Radio disturbance
and immunity
CISPR 16-1-3 Ancillary equipment – Disturbance power
CISPR 16-1
measuring
apparatus
Ancillary equipment – Radiated disturbances
CISPR 16-1-4
Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to
CISPR 16-1-5
1 000 MHz
CISPR 16-2-1 Conducted disturbance measurements
Methods of
Measurement of disturbance power
CISPR 16-2-2
measurement of
CISPR 16-2
disturbances and
CISPR 16-2-3 Radiated disturbance measurements
immunity
CISPR 16-2-4
Immunity measurements
CISPR 16-3 CISPR technical reports
Uncertainties in standardised EMC tests
CISPR 16-4-1
Reports and
Measurement instrumentation uncertainty
CISPR 16-3 recommendations CISPR 16-4-2
of CISPR
Statistical considerations in the
CISPR 16-4-3
determination of EMC compliance of mass-
produced products
Statistics of complaints and a model for the
Uncertainty in EMC
CISPR 16-4 CISPR 16-4-4
calculation of limits
measurements
More specific information on the relation between the ‘old’ CISPR 16-1 and the present ‘new’
CISPR 16-1-5 is given in the table after this introduction (TABLE RECAPITULATING CROSS
REFERENCES).
Measurement instrumentation specifications are given in five new parts of CISPR 16-1, while
the methods of measurement are covered now in four new parts of CISPR 16-2. Various
reports with further information and background on CISPR and radio disturbances in general
are given in CISPR 16-3. CISPR 16-4 contains information related to uncertainties, statistics
and limit modelling.
CISPR 16-1 consists of the following parts, under the general title Specification for radio
disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods – Radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus:
• Part 1-1: Measuring apparatus,
• Part 1-2: Ancillary equipment – Conducted disturbances,
• Part 1-3: Ancillary equipment – Disturbance power,
• Part 1-4: Ancillary equipment – Radiated disturbances,
• Part 1-5: Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
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CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 11 –
TABLE RECAPITULATING CROSS REFERENCES
Second edition of CISPR 16-1 First edition of CISPR 16-1-5
Clauses, subclauses Clauses, subclauses
1 1
2 2
3 3
5.13 4
Annexes Annexes
R A
S B
T C
U D
V E
W F
Figures Figures
55, 56, 57, 58, 59 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
S.1, S.2, S.3, S.4 B.1, B.2, B.3, B.4
T.1, T.2, T.3 C.1, C.2, C.3
Tables Tables
19, 20 1, 2
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CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 13 –
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16 is designated a basic standard which specifies the requirements for
calibration test sites, used to perform antenna calibrations, as well as the test antenna
characteristics, calibration site verification procedure and site compliance criteria. Further
information on calibration site requirements, test antenna considerations and the theory of
antennas and site attenuation is provided in informative annexes.
Measurement instrumentation specifications are given in CISPR 16-1-1 and CISPR 16-1-4.
Further information and background on uncertainties in general is given in CISPR 16-4-1,
which may be helpful in establishing uncertainty estimates for the calibration processes of
antennas.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CISPR 14-1:2000, Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus – Part 1: Emission
CISPR 16-1-1:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring
apparatus
CISPR 16-1-4:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment - Radiated disturbances
CISPR 16-4-1:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Uncertainties in
standardised EMC tests
CISPR 16-4-2:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Measurement
instrumentation uncertainties
IEC 60050(161):1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 161:
Electromagnetic compatibility
International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology, International Organization
for Standardization, Geneva, 2nd edition, 1993
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CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 15 –
3 Definitions
For the purpose of this section of CISPR 16, the following definitions apply. Also see IEC
60050(161).
3.1
calibration test site (CALTS)
open area test site with metallic ground plane and tightly specified site attenuation
performance in horizontal and vertical electric field polarization
A CALTS is used for determining the free-space antenna factor of an antenna.
Site attenuation measurements of a CALTS are used for comparison to corresponding site
attenuation measurements of a compliance test site, in order to evaluate the performance of
the compliance test site
3.2
compliance test site (COMTS)
environment which assures valid, repeatable measurement results of disturbance field
strength from equipment under test for comparison to a compliance limit
3.3
antenna
that part of a transmitting or receiving system that is designed to radiate or to receive
electromagnetic waves in a specified way
NOTE 1 In the context of this standard, the balun is a part of the antenna.
NOTE 2 See also the term "wire antenna".
3.4
balun
passive electrical network for the transformation from a balanced to an unbalanced trans-
mission line or device or vice versa
3.5
free-space-resonant dipole
wire antenna consisting of two straight colinear conductors of equal length, placed end to end,
separated by a small gap, with each conductor approximately a quarter-wavelength long such
that at the specified frequency the input impedance of the wire antenna measured across the
gap is pure real when the dipole is located in the free space
NOTE 1 In the context of this standard, this wire antenna connected to the balun is also called the "test antenna".
NOTE 2 This wire antenna is also referred to as "tuned dipole".
3.6
site attenuation
site attenuation between two specified positions on a test site is the insertion loss determined
by a two-port measurement, when a direct electrical connection between the generator output
and receiver input is replaced by transmitting and receiving antennae placed at the specified
positions
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CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 17 –
3.7
test antenna
combination of the free-space-resonant dipole and the specified balun
NOTE For the purpose of this standard only.
3.8
wire antenna
a specified structure consisting of one or more metallic wires or rods for radiating or receiving
electromagnetic waves
NOTE A wire antenna does not contain a balun.
4 Specifications and validation procedures for a test site to be used to
calibrate antennas in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
Clause 5 of CISPR 16-1-4 specifies the requirements for a test site used to make radio
disturbance field strength measurements in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
Such a test site may not be suitable for calibrating antennas. This clause specifies the
requirements and validation procedure for a test site suitable for the calibration of antennas
above a conducting, flat metal plane in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz. A test
site meeting these stringent requirements may also be used as a reference test site for
comparison purposes in an alternative validation procedure to 5.6 of CISPR 16-1-4.
4.1 Introduction
A test site suitable for performing antenna calibration, referred to herein as CALTS, is
intended to provide a suitable environment to calibrate an antenna for its free-space antenna
factor. This calibration is performed most conveniently above a reflecting plane by using only
horizontal polarization. Subclauses 4.3 through 4.6 specify the characteristics of a CALTS, the
characteristics of a calculable test antenna and the CALTS verification (validation) procedure
and performance criteria. The CALTS validation procedure given in 4.5 requires the use of a
calculable dipole antenna as specified in 4.4, thus creating the possibility of comparing
theoretically predicted site-attenuation to measured CALTS performance. Items to be reported
in a CALTS validation report are summarized in 4.7. Annex A provides guidance for
constructing a CALTS, which complies with validation criteria specified in 4.6.
In order for a CALTS to be used as a reference test site (REFSITE) for validating the
performance of test sites according to clause 5 of CISPR 16-1-4, some additional
requirements need to be specified. Subclause 4.7 specifies the additional characteristics and
performance criteria. Test sites specified in clause 5 of CISPR 16-1-4, which are used for
demonstrating compliance with radiated emission limits are referred to herein as a compliance
test site (COMTS). Validation of a COMTS may be obtained by comparing it to the theoretical
site attenuation given in clause 5 of CISPR 16-1-4 (which takes precedence) or by comparing
site attenuation measurements of the REFSITE to corresponding site attenuation
measurements of the COMTS, using the same measurement set-up and equipment (antennas,
cables, generator, receiver, etc.).
The annexes to this standard contain informative specifications of a CALTS and of the
calculable, free-space-resonant dipole (tuned dipole) to be used in the CALTS validation
procedures. They also give a model for calculating theoretical site attenuation, numerical
examples and a checklist for the validation procedure.
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CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 19 –
4.2 Antenna calibration test site (CALTS) specification
4.2.1 Introduction
The CALTS comprises the following main components:
– a good-conducting flat metal plane (the reflecting plane);
– an electromagnetically obstruction-free area surrounding the reflecting plane.
In addition, the following ancillary equipment is needed:
– two antenna masts carrying the antennas to be used in either the CALTS validation
procedure or the antenna calibration procedure;
– the cables to be connected to these antennas; and
– electronic equipment, such as an RF generator and a measuring receiver.
The normative specification for a CALTS is given in 4.2.2, while annex A contains a number of
informative specifications as a guidance to construct and place a CALTS in such a way that
the validation criteria will normally be met.
4.2.2 Normative specification
For the calibration of antennas, the CALTS shall comply with the validation criteria given in
4.5.3, i.e.
a) site attenuation at fixed antenna heights, and
b) antenna heights for maximum site attenuation, or for maximum site attenuation, at all
frequencies at which the antennas shall be calibrated.
NOTE 1 In the CALTS validation procedure, equipment is used which is also subject to normative specifications
(see 4.3 and 4.4).
NOTE 2 The CALTS validation report (4.6) will contain information on how compliance with the requirements is
maintained, so that the CALTS is deemed to comply with the requirements during its actual use.
4.3 Test antenna specification
4.3.1 Introduction
To allow (numerical) calculation of the theoretical site attenuation SA needed in the
c
validation procedure, antennas are needed which can be accurately modelled. Therefore, the
test antenna shall be a free-space resonant dipole connected to a balun with specified
properties. The normative test antenna specifications are given in 4.3.2. An example of the
construction of a test antenna is given in annex B.
The test antenna consists of a balun and two colinear wire elements (conductors) each having
a diameter D and length L . These elements are connected to the two feed terminals (A
we we
and B in figure 1) at the balun. The gap between these feed terminals has a width W . The tip-
g
to-tip length L of the antenna is given by L = 2L + W . The centre of the test antenna is in
a a we g
the middle of the feed-terminal gap on the centre-line of the two colinear wire elements.
The balun has an unbalanced input/output (transmitting/receiving antenna) port and a
balanced port at the two feed terminals A and B. As an example, in figure 1 the purpose of the
balun is indicated schematically by the balance/unbalance transformer.
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CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 21 –
4.3.2 Normative specifications
4.3.2.1 The test antenna shall have identical wire elements of length L which can be
we
disconnected from the balun to enable the balun parameters to be validated, and to allow the
balun heads of the two antennas used in site attenuation measurements to be connected
together.
4.3.2.2 The tip-to-tip length L (f, D ) of the approximately λ/2 wire antenna is determined
a we
by the condition that, at the specified frequency f and in free space, the absolute value of the
imaginary part of the input impedance at the feed terminals is smaller than 1 Ω.
NOTE 1 If the wire elements have a constant diameter and if D << L , then L (f,D ) can be calculated from
we a a we
the equation (C.2) in subclause C.1.1. If the diameter is not a constant, e.g. when a telescopic antenna is used,
L (f) can only be calculated numerically, see C.2.2.
a
NOTE 2 When using a telescopic antenna, the telescopic elements should be tuned in such a way that the
elements having the largest diameter are used first (see figure 2), and the numerical calculations should account
for this approach.
D
we
Balun
L
we
A
L
Input/output
W
a
g
B
Reference point
IEC 843/99
NOTE – The centre of the test antenna is in the middle of the gap on the centre-line of the two wire elements.
Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of the test antenna
IEC 845/99
IEC 844/99
Figure 2a – Correct Figure 2b – Incorrect
Figure 2 – Adjustment of a telescopic wire element to the length L
we
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 23 –
Under consideration: At test frequencies between 30 MHz and 80 MHz, a fixed length dipole
with L = L (80 MHz) may be used.
a a
4.3.2.3 The feed-terminal gap shall be W ≤ 15 mm or W ≤ 0,03 λ , whichever is the
g g min
smaller,
where
λ = c /f ,
min 0 max
f is the highest test frequency at which the test antenna is used; and
max
c is the velocity of the electromagnetic waves in vacuum.
0
4.3.2.4 If the tip-to-tip length L (f) of the actual wire antenna is within ∆L of the length L (f)
a a a
specified for that antenna (see table 2), that length is presumed to be validated when the
width of the feed-terminal gap complies with 4.3.2.3.
4.3.2.5 The balanced port of the balun shall have:
a) a specified impedance Z with a specified maximum VSWR, see table 2, when the
AB
unbal
...
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