SIST EN 1992-1-1:2005

Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings

Eurocode 2 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete. It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, the basis of their design and verification that are given in EN 1990: Basis of structural design.

Eurocode 2: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbeton- und Spannbetontragwerken - Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln und Regeln für den Hochbau

Eurocode 2: Calcul des structures en béton - Partie 1-1: Regles générales et regles pour les bâtiments

Evrokod 2: Projektiranje betonskih konstrukcij - 1-1. del: Splošna pravila in pravila za stavbe

1.1.2   Obseg vsebine 1-1. dela evrokoda 2
(1)P   Ta 1-1. del evrokoda 2 podaja splošne osnove za projektiranje konstrukcij iz nearmiranega, armiranega in prednapetega betona, iz običajnega in lahkega agregata, skupaj s posebnimi pravili za stavbe.
(2)P   Ta 1-1. del evrokoda 2 vsebuje naslednja poglavja:
1.   Splošno
2.   Osnove projektiranja
3.   Materiali
4.   Trajnost in krovni sloj betona
5.   Analiza konstrukcij
6.   Mejna stanja nosilnosti (MSN)
7.   Mejna stanja uporabnosti (MSU)
8.   Splošna pravila detajliranja armature in prednapetih kablov
9.   Detajliranje elementov in posebna pravila
10.   Dodatna pravila za montažne betonske elemente in konstrukcije
11.   Konstrukcije iz betona iz lahkega agregata
12.   Nearmirane in šibko armirane betonske konstrukcije
(3)P   Poglavji 1 in 2 podajata dodatne točke k določilom v EN 1990: “Osnove projektiranja konstrukcij”.
(4)P   Ta 1-1. del ne obravnava:
–   uporabe gladke armature,
–   požarne odpornosti,
–   posebnih vidikov specifičnih vrst stavb (kot so visoke stavbe),
–   posebnih vidikov specifičnih tipov gradbenih inženirskih objektov (kot so viadukti, mostovi, dolinske pregrade, tlačne posode, črpalne ploščadi ali zadrževalniki tekočin),
–   elementov konstrukcij iz grobo zrnatega in aeriranega betona in elementov iz betona iz težkega agregata ali elementov, ki vsebujejo jeklene konstrukcijske dele (glej evrokod 4 za sovprežne konstrukcije iz jekla in betona).

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2005
• ICS: 91.010.30 - Technical aspects
• ICS: 91.080.40 - Concrete structures
• Technical Committee: KON - Structures
• Current Stage: 6100 - Translation of adopted SIST standards (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 08-May-2007
• Due Date: 06-May-2008
• Completion Date: 19-Sep-2007
• Directive: 89/106/EEC - Construction products
• Directive: TP001 - Pravilnik o mehanski odpornosti in stabilnosti objektov
• Directive: TP237 - Pravilnik o spodnjem ustroju železniških prog
• Mandate: M/265 - Mandate to CEN for the conversion of the Eurocodes from ENV into EN concerning the structural and geotechnical design of buildings and civil engineering works
• Mandate: M/BC/CEN/89/11 - Framework mandate to CEN on Eurocode work : execution of a standardization programme on Eurocodes for the structural design of building and civil engineering works
• Ref Project: EN 1992-1-1:2004 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings

Relations

• Replaces: SIST ENV 1992-3:2004 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 3: Concrete foundations
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2007
• Revises: kSIST FprEN 1992-1-1:2023 - Eurocode 2 - Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings, bridges and civil engineering structures
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023
• Revises: kSIST FprEN 1992-1-1:2023 - Eurocode 2 - Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings, bridges and civil engineering structures
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023
• Replaces: SIST ENV 1992-1-6:2004 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-6: General rules - Plain concrete structures
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Replaces: SIST ENV 1992-1-5:2004 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-5: General rules - Structures with unbonded and external prestressing tendons
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Replaces: SIST ENV 1992-1-3:2004 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-3: General rules - Precast concrete elements and structures
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Replaces: SIST ENV 1992-1-4:2004 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-4: General rules - Lightweight aggregate concrete with closed structure
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Replaces: SIST ENV 1992-1-1:1999 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Corrected By: SIST EN 1992-1-1:2005/AC:2008 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Corrected By: SIST EN 1992-1-1:2005/AC:2011 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2011
• Amended By: SIST EN 1992-1-1:2005/A1:2015 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Revised: kSIST FprEN 1992-1-1:2023 - Eurocode 2 - Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings, bridges and civil engineering structures
• Effective Date: 25-Nov-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildingsEvrokod 2: Projektiranje betonskih konstrukcij - 1-1. del: Splošna pravila in pravila za stavbeEurocode 2: Calcul des structures en béton - Partie 1-1: Regles générales et regles pour les bâtimentsEurocode 2: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbeton- und Spannbetontragwerken - Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln und Regeln für den HochbauTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1992-1-1:2004SIST EN 1992-1-1:2005en91.080.40Betonske konstrukcijeConcrete structures91.010.30Technical aspectsICS:SIST ENV 1992-1-5:2004SIST ENV 1992-1-6:2004SIST ENV 1992-3:2004SIST ENV 1992-1-1:1999SIST ENV 1992-1-3:2004SIST ENV 1992-1-4:20041DGRPHãþDSLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1992-1-1:200501-maj-2005







EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 1992-1-1December 2004ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.40Supersedes ENV 1992-1-1:1991, ENV 1992-1-3:1994,ENV 1992-1-4:1994, ENV 1992-1-5:1994, ENV 1992-1-6:1994, ENV 1992-3:1998English versionEurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: Generalrules and rules for buildingsEurocode 2: Calcul des structures en béton - Partie 1-1 :Règles générales et règles pour les bâtimentsEurocode 2: Bemessung und konstruktion von Stahlbeton-und Spannbetontragwerken - Teil 1-1: AllgemeineBemessungsregeln und Regeln für den HochbauThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1992-1-1:2004: E



EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
2 Contents List
1. General 1.1 Scope
1.1.1 Scope of Eurocode 2
1.1.2 Scope of Part 1-1 of Eurocode 2 1.2 Normative references 1.2.1 General reference standards
1.2.2 Other reference standards 1.3 Assumptions 1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules 1.5 Definitions
1.5.1 General
1.5.2 Additional terms and definitions used in this Standard
1.5.2.1
Precast structures
1.5.2.2
Plain or lightly reinforced concrete members
1.5.2.3
Unbonded and external tendons
1.5.2.4
Prestress 1.6 Symbols
2. Basis of design 2.1 Requirements
2.1.1 Basic requirements
2.1.2 Reliability management 2.1.3 Design working life, durability and quality management 2.2 Principles of limit state design 2.3 Basic variables 2.3.1 Actions and environment influences
2.3.1.1
General
2.3.1.2
Thermal effects
2.3.1.3
Differential settlements/movements
2.3.1.4
Prestress 2.3.2 Material and product properties
2.3.2.1
General
2.3.2.2
Shrinkage and creep 2.3.3 Deformations of concrete 2.3.4 Geometric data
2.3.4.1
General
2.3.4.2
Supplementary requirements for cast in place piles 2.4 Verification by the partial factor method
2.4.1 General
2.4.2 Design values
2.4.2.1
Partial factor for shrinkage action
2.4.2.2
Partial factors for prestress
2.4.2.3
Partial factor for fatigue loads
2.4.2.4
Partial factors for materials
2.4.2.5
Partial factors for materials for foundations
2.4.3 Combinations of actions
2.4.4 Verification of static equilibrium - EQU 2.5 Design assisted by testing 2.6 Supplementary requirements for foundations 2.7 Requirements for fastenings



EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
3 3. Materials 3.1 Concrete
3.1.1 General
3.1.2 Strength
3.1.3 Elastic deformation
3.1.4 Creep and shrinkage
3.1.5 Stress-strain relation for non-linear structural analysis
3.1.6 Design compressive and tensile strengths
3.1.7 Stress-strain relations for the design of sections 3.1.8 Flexural tensile strength 3.1.9 Confined concrete 3.2 Reinforcing steel 3.2.1
General 3.2.2 Properties
3.2.3
Strength
3.2.4
Ductility characteristics
3.2.5
Welding
3.2.6
Fatigue
3.2.7 Design assumptions 3.3 Prestressing steel
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Properties
3.3.3
Strength
3.3.4
Ductility characteristics
3.3.5
Fatigue
3.3.6 Design assumptions
3.3.7 Prestressing tendons in sheaths 3.4 Prestressing devices
3.4.1 Anchorages and couplers
3.4.1.1
General
3.4.1.2
Mechanical properties
3.4.1.2.1
Anchored tendons
3.4.1.2.2
Anchored devices and anchorage zones
3.4.2 External non-bonded tendons
3.4.2.1
General
3.4.2.2
Anchorages 4. Durability and cover to reinforcement 4.1 General 4.2 Environmental conditions 4.3 Requirements for durability 4.4 Methods of verifications
4.4.1 Concrete cover
4.4.1.1
General
4.4.1.2
Minimum cover, cmin
4.4.1.3
Allowance in design for tolerance 5. Structural analysis 5.1 General
5.1.1 General requirements
5.1.2 Special requirements for foundations
5.1.3 Load cases and combinations
5.1.4 Second order effects



EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
4 5.2 Geometric imperfections 5.3 Idealisation of the structure
5.3.1 Structural models for overall analysis
5.3.2 Geometric data
5.3.2.1
Effective width of flanges (all limit states)
5.3.2.2
Effective span of beams and slabs in buildings 5.4 Linear elastic analysis 5.5 Linear analysis with limited redistribution 5.6 Plastic analysis
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Plastic analysis for beams, frames and slabs
5.6.3 Rotation capacity
5.6.4 Analysis with struts and tie models 5.7 Non-linear analysis 5.8 Analysis of second order effects with axial load
5.8.1 Definitions
5.8.2 General
5.8.3 Simplified criteria for second order effects
5.8.3.1 Slenderness Criterion for isolated members
5.8.3.2
Slenderness and effective length of isolated members
5.8.3.3
Global second order effects in buildings
5.8.4 Creep
5.8.5 Methods of analysis
5.8.6 General method
5.8.7 Method based on nominal stiffness
5.8.7.1
General
5.8.7.2
Nominal stiffness
5.8.7.3
Moment magnification factor
5.8.8 Method based on nominal curvature
5.8.8.1
General
5.8.8.2
Bending moments
5.8.8.3 Curvature
5.8.9 Biaxial bending 5.9 Lateral instability of slender beams 5.10 Prestressed members and structures
5.10.1 General
5.10.2 Prestressing force during tensioning
5.10.2.1
Maximum stressing force
5.10.2.2
Limitation of concrete stress
5.10.2.3
Measurements
5.10.3 Prestress force
5.10.4 Immediate losses of prestress for pre-tensioning
5.10.5 Immediate losses of prestress for post-tensioning
5.10.5.1
Losses due to the instantaneous deformation of concrete
5.10.5.2
Losses due to friction
5.10.5.3
Losses at anchorage
5.10.6 Time dependent losses of prestress for pre- and post-tensioning
5.10.7 Consideration of prestress in analysis 5.10.8 Effects of prestressing at ultimate limit state 5.10.9 Effects of prestressing at serviceability limit state and limit state of fatigue 5.11 Analysis for some particular structural members



EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
5 6. Ultimate limit states (ULS) 6.1 Bending with or without axial force 6.2 Shear
6.2.1
General verification procedure
6.2.2 Members not requiring design shear reinforcement
6.2.3
Members requiring design shear reinforcement
6.2.4
Shear between web and flanges of T-sections
6.2.5
Shear at the interface between concretes cast at different times 6.3
Torsion 6.3.1
General 6.3.2
Design procedure 6.3.3
Warping torsion 6.4
Punching
6.4.1
General 6.4.2
Load distribution and basic control perimeter 6.4.3
Punching shear calculation 6.4.4
Punching shear resistance of slabs and column bases without shear reinforcement 6.4.5
Punching shear resistance of slabs and column bases with shear reinforcement 6.5 Design with strut and tie models 6.5.1 General 6.5.2 Struts 6.5.3 Ties 6.5.4 Nodes 6.6 Anchorages and laps 6.7 Partially loaded areas 6.8
Fatigue 6.8.1 Verification conditions
6.8.2 Internal forces and stresses for fatigue verification 6.8.3 Combination of actions 6.8.4 Verification procedure for reinforcing and prestressing steel
6.8.5 Verification using damage equivalent stress range 6.8.6 Other verifications 6.8.7 Verification of concrete under compression or shear 7. Serviceability limit states (SLS) 7.1 General
7.2 Stress limitation
7.3 Crack control
7.3.1 General considerations
7.3.2 Minimum reinforcement areas
7.3.3 Control of cracking without direct calculation
7.3.4 Calculation of crack widths
7.4 Deflection control 7.4.1 General considerations
7.4.2 Cases where calculations may be omitted
7.4.3 Checking deflections by calculation
8
Detailing of reinforcement and prestressing tendons - General 8.1 General 8.2 Spacing of bars 8.3 Permissible mandrel diameters for bent bars 8.4 Anchorage of longitudinal reinforcement
8.4.1 General



EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
6
8.4.2 Ultimate bond stress
8.4.3 Basic anchorage length
8.4.4 Design anchorage length 8.5 Anchorage of links and shear reinforcement 8.6 Anchorage by welded bars 8.7 Laps and mechanical couplers
8.7.1 General 8.7.2 Laps 8.7.3 Lap length
8.7.4 Transverse reinforcement in the lap zone
8.7.4.1
Transverse reinforcement for bars in tension
8.7.4.2
Transverse reinforcement for bars permanently in compression
8.7.5 Laps for welded mesh fabrics made of ribbed wires
8.7.5.1
Laps of the main reinforcement
8.7.5.2
Laps of secondary or distribution reinforcement 8.8 Additional rules for large diameter bars 8.9 Bundled bars
8.9.1 General
8.9.2 Anchorage of bundles of bars
8.9.3 Lapping bundles of bars 8.10 Prestressing tendons 8.10.1
Arrangement of prestressing tendons and ducts
8.10.1.1
General
8.10.1.2
Pre-tensioned tendons 8.10.1.3
Post-tension ducts
8.10.2
Anchorage of pre-tensioned tendons
8.10.2.1
General
8.10.2.2
Transfer of prestress
8.10.2.3
Anchorage of tensile force for the ultimate limit state
8.10.3
Anchorage zones of post-tensioned members
8.10.4
Anchorages and couplers for prestressing tendons
8.10.5
Deviators
9. Detailing of members and particular rules 9.1 General 9.2
Beams
9.2.1 Longitudinal reinforcement
9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement areas 9.2.1.2
Other detailing arrangements 9.2.1.3
Curtailment of the longitudinal tension reinforcement 9.2.1.4
Anchorage of bottom reinforcement at an end support
9.2.1.5
Anchorage of bottom reinforcement at intermediate supports
9.2.2 Shear reinforcement
9.2.3 Torsion reinforcement
9.2.4 Surface reinforcement 9.2.5 Indirect supports 9.3
Solid slabs
9.3.1
Flexural reinforcement
9.3.1.1
General
9.3.1.2
Reinforcement in slabs near supports
9.3.1.3
Corner reinforcement
9.3.1.4
Reinforcement at the free edges



EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
7
9.3.2
Shear reinforcement 9.4 Flat slabs
9.4.1 Slab at internal columns
9.4.2 Slab at edge columns
9.4.3 Punching shear reinforcement 9.5
Columns
9.5.1 General
9.5.2 Longitudinal reinforcement
9.5.3 Transverse reinforcement 9.6
Walls
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 Vertical reinforcement
9.6.3
Horizontal reinforcement 9.6.4 Transverse reinforcement 9.7
Deep beams 9.8 Foundations
9.8.1 Pile caps
9.8.2 Column and wall footings
9.8.2.1
General
9.8.2.2
Anchorage of bars
9.8.3 Tie beams
9.8.4 Column footing on rock 9.8.5 Bored piles 9.9
Regions with discontinuity in geometry or action 9.10
Tying systems
9.10.1
General 9.10.2
Proportioning of ties
9.10.2.1 General
9.10.2.2 Peripheral ties
9.10.2.3 Internal ties
9.10.2.4 Horizontal ties to columns and/or walls
9.10.2.5 Vertical ties
9.10.3
Continuity and anchorage of ties 10. Additional rules for precast concrete elements and structures 10.1 General
10.1.1
Special terms used in this section 10.2 Basis of design, fundamental requirements 10.3 Materials 10.3.1 Concrete
10.3.1.1
Strength
10.3.1.2
Creep and shrinkage
10.3.2 Prestressing steel
10.3.2.2 Technological properties of prestressing steel
10.5 Structural analysis
10.5.1 General
10.5.2
Losses of prestress 10.9 Particular rules for design and detailing
10.9.1
Restraining moments in slabs
10.9.2
Wall to floor connections
10.9.3
Floor systems
10.9.4
Connections and supports for precast elements



EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
8
10.9.4.1
Materials
10.9.4.2
General rules for design and detailing of connections
10.9.4.3
Connections transmitting compressive forces
10.9.4.4
Connections transmitting shear forces
10.9.4.5
Connections transmitting bending moments or tensile forces 10.9.4.6
Half joints 10.9.4.7
Anchorage of reinforcement at supports
10.9.5
Bearings
10.9.5.1
General
10.9.5.2
Bearings for connected (non-isolated) members
10.9.5.3
Bearings for isolated members
10.9.6 Pocket foundations
10.9.6.1
General
10.9.6.2
Pockets with keyed surfaces 10.9.6.3
Pockets with smooth surfaces
10.9.7 Tying systems 11. Lightweight aggregated concrete structures 11.1 General 11.1.1
Scope
11.1.2
Special symbols 11.2 Basis of design 11.3 Materials 11.3.1
Concrete 11.3.2
Elastic deformation 11.3.3
Creep and shrinkage 11.3.4
Stress-strain relations for structural analysis 11.3.5
Design compressive and tensile strengths 11.3.6
Stress-strain relations for the design of sections 11.3.7
Confined concrete 11.4 Durability and cover to reinforcement 11.4.1
Environmental conditions 11.4.2
Concrete cover and properties of concrete 11.5 Structural analysis
11.5.1
Rotational capacity 11.6
Ultimate limit states 11.6.1
Members not requiring design shear reinforcement 11.6.2
Members requiring design shear reinforcement 11.6.3
Torsion 11.6.3.1
Design procedure 11.6.4
Punching 11.6.4.1 Punching shear resistance of slabs and column bases without shear reinforcement 11.6.4.2
Punching shear resistance of slabs and column bases with shear reinforcement 11.6.5
Partially loaded areas 11.6.6
Fatigue 11.7 Serviceability limit states 11.8 Detailing of reinforcement - General 11.8.1
Permissible mandrel diameters for bent bars 11.8.2
Ultimate bond stress 11.9 Detailing of members and particular rules



EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
9 11.10 Additional rules for precast concrete elements and structures 11.12 Plain and lightly reinforced concrete structures 12. Plain and lightly reinforced concrete structures 12.1 General 12.2 Basis of design 12.2.1
Strength
12.3 Materials
12.3.1
Concrete: additional design assumptions 12.5 Structural analysis: ultimate Limit states 12.6 Ultimate limit states
12.6.1
Design resistance to bending and axial force
12.6.2
Local Failure
12.6.3
Shear 12.6.4
Torsion 12.6.5
Ultimate limit states induced by structural deformation (buckling) 12.6.5.1
Slenderness of columns and walls
12.6.5.2
Simplified design method for walls and columns
12.7 Serviceability limit states
12.9 Detailing of members and particular rules 12.9.1
Structural members
12.9.2
Construction joints
12.9.3
Strip and pad footings
Annexes A
(Informative) Modification of partial factors for materials
B
(Informative) Creep and shrinkage strain C
(Normative) Reinforcement properties
D
(Informative) Detailed calculation method for prestressing steel relaxation losses
E
(Informative) Indicative Strength Classes for durability
F
(Informative) Reinforcement expressions for in-plane stress conditions
G
(Informative) Soil structure interaction
H
(Informative) Global second order effects in structures
I
(Informative) Analysis of flat slabs and shear walls J
(Informative) Examples of regions with discontinuity in geometry or action
Foreword
This European Standard EN 1992, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures: General rules and rules for buildings, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 « Structural Eurocodes », the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2005, and conflicting National Standards shall be withdrawn at latest by March 2010.
This Eurocode supersedes ENV 1992-1-1, 1992-1-3, 1992-1-4, 1992-1-5, 1992-1-6 and 1992-3.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organisations of the following countries are bound to implement these European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,



EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
10 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Background to the Eurocode programme
In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications.
Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them.
For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s.
In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1 between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Council’s Directives and/or Commission’s Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products - CPD - and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market).
The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts:
EN 1990 Eurocode 0: Basis of Structural Design
EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these continue to vary from State to State.
Status and field of application of eurocodes
The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognise that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the following purposes :
– as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential
1 Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89).



EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
11 requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N°1 – Mechanical resistance and stability – and Essential Requirement N°2 – Safety in case of fire;
– as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services;
– as a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for construction products (ENs and ETAs)
The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship with the Interpretative Documents2 referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from harmonised product standards3. Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product standards with a view to achieving full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes.
The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole structures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms of construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be required by the designer in such cases.
National Standards implementing Eurocodes
The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including any annexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page and National foreword, and may be followed by a National annex.
The National annex may only contain information on those parameters which are left open in the Eurocode for national choice, known as Nationally Determined Parameters, to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the country concerned, i.e. : – values and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode, – values to be used where a symbol only is given in the Eurocode, –
country specific data (geographical, climatic, etc.), e.g. snow map, – the procedure to be used where alternative procedures are given in the Eurocode. It may contain – decisions on the application of informative annexes, – references to non-contradictory complementary information to assist the user to apply the Eurocode.
Links between Eurocodes and harmonised technical specifications (ENs and ETAs) for products
There is a need for consistency between the harmonised technical specifications for
2 According to Art. 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents for the creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for harmonised ENs and ETAGs/ETAs. 3
According to Art. 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents shall : a) give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or levels for each requirement where necessary ; b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etc. ; c)
serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for European technical approvals.
The Eurocodes, de facto, play a similar role in the field of the ER 1 and a part of ER 2.



EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
12 construction products and the technical rules for works4.
Furthermore, all the information accompanying the CE Marking of the construction products which refer to Eurocodes should clearly mention which Nationally Determined Parameters have been taken into account.
Additional information specific to EN 1992-1-1
EN 1992-1-1 describes the principles and requirements for safety, serviceability and durability of concrete structures, together with specific provisions for buildings. It is based on the limit state concept used in conjunction with a partial factor method.
For the design of new structures, EN 1992-1-1 is intended to be used, for direct application, together with other parts of EN 1992, Eurocodes EN 1990,1991, 1997 and 1998.
EN 1992-1-1 also serves as a reference document for other CEN TCs concerning structural matters.
EN 1992-1-1 is intended for use by: – committees drafting other standards for structural design and related product, testing and execution standards; – clients (e.g. for the formulation of their specific requirements on reliability levels and durability); – designers and constructors ; – relevant authorities.
Numerical values for partial factors and other reliability parameters are recommended as basic values that provide an acceptable level of reliability. They have been selected assuming that an appropriate level of workmanship and of quality management applies. When EN 1992-1-1 is used as a base document by other CEN/TCs the same values need to be taken.
National annex for EN 1992-1-1
This standard gives values with notes indicating where national choices may have to be made. Therefore the National Standard implementing EN 1992-1-1 should have a National annex containing all Nationally Determined Parameters to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the relevant country.
National choice is allowed in EN 1992-1-1 through the following clauses:
4 see Art.3.3 and Art.12 of the CPD, as well as clauses 4.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 5.2 of ID 1.



EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
13 2.3.3 (3) 2.4.2.1 (1) 2.4.2.2 (1) 2.4.2.2 (2) 2.4.2.2 (3) 2.4.2.3 (1) 2.4.2.4 (1) 2.4.2.4 (2) 2.4.2.5 (2) 3.1.2 (2)P 3.1.2 (4) 3.1.6 (1)P 3.1.6 (2)P 3.2.2 (3)P 3.2.7 (2) 3.3.4 (5) 3.3.6 (7) 4.4.1.2 (3) 4.4.1.2 (5) 4.4.1.2 (6) 4.4.1.2 (7) 4.4.1.2 (8) 4.4.1.2 (13) 4.4.1.3 (1)P 4.4.1.3 (3) 4.4.1.3 (4) 5.1.3 (1)P 5.2 (5) 5.5 (4) 5.6.3 (4) 5.8.3.1 (1) 5.8.3.3 (1) 5.8.3.3 (2) 5.8.5 (1) 5.8.6 (3) 5.10.1 (6) 5.10.2.1 (1)P 5.10.2.1 (2) 5.10.2.2 (4) 5.10.2.2 (5) 5.10.3 (2) 5.10.8 (2) 5.10.8 (3) 5.10.9 (1)P
6.2.2 (1) 6.2.2 (6) 6.2.3 (2) 6.2.3 (3) 6.2.4 (4) 6.2.4 (6) 6.4.3 (6) 6.4.4 (1) 6.4.5 (3) 6.4.5 (4) 6.5.2 (2) 6.5.4 (4) 6.5.4 (6) 6.8.4 (1) 6.8.4 (5) 6.8.6 (1) 6.8.6 (2) 6.8.7 (1) 7.2 (2) 7.2 (3) 7.2 (5) 7.3.1 (5) 7.3.2 (4) 7.3.4 (3) 7.4.2 (2) 8.2 (2) 8.3 (2) 8.6 (2) 8.8 (1) 9.2.1.1 (1) 9.2.1.1 (3) 9.2.1.2 (1) 9.2.1.4 (1) 9.2.2 (4) 9.2.2 (5) 9.2.2 (6)
9.2.2 (7) 9.2.2 (8) 9.3.1.1(3) 9.5.2 (1) 9.5.2 (2) 9.5.2 (3) 9.5.3 (3) 9.6.2 (1) 9.6.3 (1) 9.7 (1) 9.8.1 (3) 9.8.2.1 (1) 9.8.3 (1) 9.8.3 (2) 9.8.4 (1) 9.8.5 (3) 9.10.2.2 (2) 9.10.2.3 (3) 9.10.2.3 (4) 9.10.2.4 (2) 11.3.5 (1)P 11.3.5 (2)P 11.3.7 (1) 11.6.1 (1) 11.6.1 (2) 11.6.2 (1) 11.6.4.1 (1) 12.3.1 (1) 12.6.3 (2) A.2.1 (1) A.2.1 (2) A.2.2 (1) A.2.2 (2) A.2.3 (1) C.1 (1) C.1 (3) E.1 (2) J.1 (3) J.2.2 (2) J.3 (2) J.3 (3)



EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
14
SECTION 1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 Scope of Eurocode 2
(1)P
Eurocode 2 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete. It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, the basis of their design and verification that are given in EN 1990: Basis of structural design.
(2)P
Eurocode 2 is only concerned with the requirements for resistance, serviceability, durability and fire resistance of concrete structures.
Other requirements, e.g. concerning thermal or sound insulation, are not considered.
(3)P
Eurocode 2 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
EN 1990: Basis of structural design EN 1991: Actions on structures hEN’s:
Construction products relevant for concrete structures ENV 13670: Execution of concrete structures EN
1997: Geotechnical design EN 1998: Design of structures for earthquake resistance, when concrete structures are built in seismic regions.
(4)P
Eurocode 2 is subdivided into the following parts:
Part 1.1: General rules and rules for buildings Part 1.2:
Structural fire design Part 2:
Reinforced and prestressed concrete bridges Part 3:
Liquid retaining and containing structures
1.1.2 Scope of Part 1-1 of Eurocode 2
(1)P
Part 1-1 of Eurocode 2 gives a general basis for the design of structures in plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete made with normal and light weight aggregates together with specific rules for buildings.
(2)P
The following subjects are dealt with in Part 1-1.
Section 1: General Section 2: Basis of design Section 3: Materials Section 4: Durability and cover to reinforcement Section 5: Structural analysis Section 6: Ultimate limit states Section 7:
Serviceability limit states Section 8:
Detailing of reinforcement and prestressing tendons - General Section 9:
Detailing of members and particular rules



EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
15 Section 10:
Additional rules for precast concrete elements and structures Section 11:
Lightweight aggregate concrete structures Section 12:
Plain and lightly reinforced concrete structures
(3)P
Sections 1 and 2 provide additional clauses to those given in EN 1990 “Basis of structural design”.
(4)P
This Part 1-1 does not cover: -
the use of plain reinforcement -
resistance to fire; -
particular aspects of special types of building (such as tall buildings); -
particular aspects of special types of civil engineering works (such as viaducts, bridges, dams, pressure vessels, offshore platforms or liquid-retaining structures); -
no-fines concrete and aerated concrete components, and those made with heavy aggregate or containing structural steel sections (see Eurocode 4 for composite steel-concrete structures).
1.2 Normative references
(1)P
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through references in this text, constitutive provisions of this European standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this European standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
1.2.1 General reference standards
EN 1990:
Basis of structural design EN 1991-1-5:
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