SIST EN 13802:2004
(Main)Railway applications - Suspension components - Hydraulic dampers
Railway applications - Suspension components - Hydraulic dampers
This standard applies to hydraulic dampers (excluding end mountings) used on rail vehicles. This includes pantograph and dampers that control the dynamic behaviour of vehicle. The dampers covered in this standard include: suspension dampers, yaw dampers, roll dampers, inter-vehicle dampers, pantograph dampers.
Bahnanwendungen - Federungselemente - Hydraulische Dämpfer
Dieses Dokument gilt für hydraulische Dämpfer (ohne Endbefestigungen), die in Schienenfahrzeugen verwendet werden. Die in dieser Norm enthaltenen Dämpfer beinhalten:
- Dämpfer, die das dynamische Verhalten des Fahrzeuges beeinflussen:
- Fahrwerksdämpfer (z. B. Primär-Vertikaldämpfer, Sekundär-Vertikaldämpfer und Sekundär-Horizontaldämpfer),
- Drehdämpfer;
- Wankdämpfer;
- Zwischenwagendämpfer;
- Dämpfer, die das dynamische Verhalten von mechanischen Systemen beeinflussen:
- Stromabnehmerdämpfer;
- usw.
Alle wichtigen Begriffe zum Thema sind in dieser Norm definiert.
Applications ferroviaires - Eléments de suspension - Amortisseurs hydrauliques
Le document s'applique aux amortisseurs hydrauliques (en excluant les articulations) utilisés sur les véhicules ferroviaires. Les amortisseurs couverts par la présente Norme incluent :
- Les amortisseurs qui contrôlent le comportement dynamique du véhicule :
- les amortisseurs de suspension (par ex : amortisseur vertical primaire, amortisseur vertical secondaire, et amortisseur transversal secondaire) ;
- les amortisseurs antilacet ;
- les amortisseurs antiroulis ;
- les amortisseurs intercaisses ;
- Les amortisseurs qui contrôlent le comportement des systemes mécaniques :
- les amortisseurs de pantographe ;
- etc.
L'ensemble de la terminologie applicable qui est spécifique au sujet est défini dans le présent document.
Železniške naprave – Vzmetenje – Hidravlični blažilniki
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Bahnanwendungen - Federungselemente - Hydraulische DämpferApplications ferroviaires - Eléments de suspension - Amortisseurs hydrauliquesRailway applications - Suspension components - Hydraulic dampers45.040Materiali in deli za železniško tehnikoMaterials and components for railway engineeringICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13802:2004SIST EN 13802:2004en01-november-2004SIST EN 13802:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 13802:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13802August 2004ICS 45.040 English versionRailway applications - Suspension components - HydraulicdampersApplications ferroviaires - Eléments de suspension -Amortisseurs hydrauliquesBahnanwendungen - Federungselemente - HydraulischeDämpferThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13802:2004: ESIST EN 13802:2004
EN 13802:2004 (E) 2 Contents page
Foreword.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms, definitions and symbols.5 3.1 Terms and definitions.6 3.2 Symbols.7 4 Method of specifying.12 4.1 Overview.12 4.1.1 General.12 4.1.2 Operational environment.12 4.1.3 Technical requirements.12 4.2 Operational environment requirements.14 4.2.1 Service conditions.14 4.2.2 Climatic conditions.14 4.2.3 Particular conditions.15 4.2.4 Vibrational exposure.15 4.3 Physical characteristics.16 4.3.1 Strength.16 4.3.2 Fire resistance.16 4.3.3 Surface protection.16 4.3.4 Noise.16 4.3.5 Whole life environmental impact.16 4.3.6 Leakage.16 4.3.7 Length and stroke.17 4.3.8 Overall dimensions and interface.17 4.3.9 Mass.17 4.4 Functional requirements.17 4.4.1 Orientation.17 4.4.2 Nominal force (Fc,n, Fe,n) and nominal velocity (vn).18 4.4.3 Maximum force (Fc,max, Fe,max) and maximum velocity (vmax).18 4.4.4 Force–velocity characteristic.18 4.4.5 Force–displacement characteristic.21 4.4.6 Dynamic characteristics.23 4.4.7 Priming.23 5 Test methods.24 5.1 General requirements.24 5.1.1 General.24 5.1.2 Testing machine.24 5.1.3 Test temperature.24 5.1.4 Test sample.24 5.2 Operational environment requirements.25 5.2.1 Service conditions.25 5.2.2 Climatic conditions.25 5.2.4 Vibrational exposure.28 5.3 Physical characteristics.28 5.3.1 Strength.28 5.3.2 Fire resistance.29 SIST EN 13802:2004
EN 13802:2004 (E) 3 5.3.3 Surface protection.29 5.3.4 Noise.29 5.3.5 Whole life environmental impact.29 5.3.6 Leakage.29 5.3.7 Length and stroke.30 5.3.8 Overall dimensions and interface.30 5.3.9 Mass.30 5.4 Functional requirements.30 5.4.1 Orientation.30 5.4.2 Nominal forces (Fc,n, Fe,n) at nominal velocity (vn).30 5.4.3 Maximum forces (Fc,max, Fe,max) at maximum velocity (vmax).30 5.4.4 Force–velocity characteristic.30 5.4.5 Force–displacement characteristic.31 5.4.6 General.32 5.4.7 Priming.33 6 Factory production control.33 6.1 General.33 6.2 Product verification procedures and samples.33 6.2.1 Verification procedure.33 6.2.2 Validity of the product verification.34 6.3 Control and monitoring of production quality.34 6.4 Traceability.34 6.5 Results of the tests.34 7 Marking.34 8 Packaging.35 Annex A (informative)
Damper performance description.36 Annex B (informative)
Range of damper overall dimensions.39 Annex C (informative)
Nominal velocities.40 Annex D (informative)
Typical force–velocity envelope curves.41 Annex E (informative)
Checks and tests to be performed according to damper category.42 Bibliography.43
SIST EN 13802:2004
EN 13802:2004 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13802:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2005. The European Standard has been prepared under a mandate (M/024) given to CEN by the Commission of the European Communities and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of the following EC Directives: Council Directive 96/48/EEC of 23 July 1996 on interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system1); Council Directive 93/38/EEC of 14 June 1993 co-ordinating the procurement procedures of entities operating in the water, energy, transport and telecommunications sectors2); Council Directive 91/440/EEC of 29 July 1991 on the development of the Community’s railways3). This document includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
1) Official Journal of the European Communities N° L 235 of 17.09.96. 2) Official Journal of the European Communities N° L 199 of 09.08.93. 3) Official Journal of the European Communities N° L 199 of 09.08.93. SIST EN 13802:2004
EN 13802:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope This document applies to hydraulic dampers (excluding end mountings) used on rail vehicles.
The dampers covered in this standard include: dampers that control the dynamic behaviour of vehicle: suspension dampers, (e.g. primary vertical dampers, secondary vertical dampers and secondary lateral dampers), yaw dampers, roll dampers, inter-vehicle dampers, dampers that control the dynamic behaviour of mechanical systems: pantograph dampers, etc. All relevant terminology which is specific to the subject is defined in this document. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. prEN 14363, Railway applications — Testing for the acceptance of running characteristics of railway vehicles — Testing of running behaviour and stationary tests. EN 61373, Railway applications — Rolling stock equipment — Shock and vibration tests (IEC 61373:1999). EN ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes - Determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20°, 60° and 85° (ISO 2813:1994, including Technical Corrigendum 1:1997). EN ISO 9000, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary (ISO 9000:2000). ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres — Salt spray tests. 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and symbols apply. NOTE 1 Decimal multiple and sub-multiple units defined in this clause may be used. NOTE 2 In this document, the spatial characteristics of the damper are defined with reference to its axis (see Figure 1). Axial characteristics are defined along the x-axis. Extension of the damper is defined as positive and compression is negative. Transverse characteristics are defined in the y–z plane. Rotations are defined as positive in a clockwise direction. SIST EN 13802:2004
EN 13802:2004 (E) 6 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.1.1 damper hydraulic damper without end mountings 3.1.2 hydraulic damper device with a fluid as the damping medium 3.1.3 damper characteristic relationship (assuming that there is no force–velocity phase shift) between damper force and damper velocity established at a damper displacement of large amplitude and low frequency to discount the dynamic influence of the damper structure and fluid stiffness 3.1.4 damper displacement displacement stroke relative axial displacement of the damper ends 3.1.5 damper fluid damping medium (usually oil) 3.1.6 damper performance description document used to define the performance requirements and capabilities of a damper, (see Annex A) 3.1.7 dynamic damper characteristic damper characteristic (see 3.1.3), but including the phase shift effect, and thus including influence of damper structure and fluid stiffness 3.1.8 end mounting generally elastomer based component, fitted at both ends of the damper NOTE Mountings are not specified in detail in this document. 3.1.9 friction type characteristic damper damper that has a force–velocity characteristic that closely imitates the effect of friction 3.1.10 leakage visible evidence of accumulation of fluid, which has originated from within the damper 3.1.11 priming operation allowing the removal of temporary imperfection to the damper characteristic caused by entrapment of gas (usually air) in the damper pressure chamber 3.1.12 service interval minimum continuous time or distance travelled in which a damper remains in service use, with only periodic visual inspections and no maintenance attention SIST EN 13802:2004
EN 13802:2004 (E) 7 3.1.13 symmetrical damper characteristic damper characteristic (see 3.1.3) having the same compression and extension force–velocity characteristic throughout the operating range (see Figure 5) 3.1.14 asymmetric damper characteristic damper characteristic (see 3.1.3) not having the same compression and extension force-velocity characteristic throughout the operating range (see Figure 6) 3.2 Symbols dc N/m/s dynamic damping rate, this includes the effect of phase shift NOTE 1 Unless specified otherwise, the dynamic damping rate is the rate of the damper including effects of the damper structure and fluid stiffness. The dynamic damping rate is given by:
π=Φ2tanddkcf This definition is based on a mathematical model with a linear viscous damper of dynamic damping rate cd in series with a linear spring stiffness kd, subjected to a sinusoidal motion with excitation frequency f, displacement amplitude d0 and force amplitude Fo. This is termed the Maxwell model. It does not therefore refer to force amplitude divided by velocity amplitude. cd m compression margin, the part of damper compression travel never reached by the piston during operation in the given mechanical system NOTE 2 =−,minmincudLL ed m extension margin, the part of damper extension travel never reached by the piston during operation in the given mechanical system NOTE 3 −−max,maxeudLL nd m nominal travel, the travel over which the damper meets the operational requirements established by the damper performance description NOTE 4 The nominal travel is indicative of the operating travel of the damper in the given mechanical system. wd m working stroke NOTE 5 =−,max,minwuudLL od m damper displacement amplitude at sinusoidal motion maxD m diameter of an envelope cylinder in which the main body of the damper shall be contained (dust guard included) (see Figures 2 and 3) resD m diameter of damper reservoir envelope (see Figure 3) SIST EN 13802:2004
EN 13802:2004 (E) 8 f Hz excitation frequency F N damper force, the axial force of the damper ,maxcF N damper compression force at maximum velocity ,cnF N nominal damper compression force NOTE 6 Force at nominal velocity. ,maxeF N damper extension force at maximum velocity ,enF N nominal damper extension force
NOTE 7 Force at nominal velocity. 0F N damper force amplitude at sinusoidal motion resH m height of damper reservoir (to damper centreline) (see Figure 3) dk N/m damper stiffness NOTE 8 =+Φ2001tandFkd(Maxwell model) NOTE 9 Unless otherwise noted, stiffness of the damper structure and fluid. It does not therefore refer to force amplitude divided by displacement amplitude. L m damper length (see Figure 4) delL m damper length at delivery NOTE 10 The length of the damper to permit mounting it on a vehicle at rest on straight, horizontal track (except for particular cases, for example pantograph dampers). iL m length of the damper installed NOTE 11 Length when the damper is mounted on a vehicle at rest on straight, horizontal track. maxL m damper length when the damper is fully extended minL m damper length when the damper is fully compressed nL m nominal damper length NOTE 12 Generally,=niLL. NOTE 13 The reference length used to determine the characteristics of the damper. SIST EN 13802:2004
EN 13802:2004 (E) 9 ,maxuL m maximum utilization length of the damper NOTE 14 The maximum length of the damper during operation. ,minuL m minimum utilization length of the damper NOTE 15 The minimum length of the damper during operation. ,maxaeT °C maximum ambient temperature (i.e. temperature of the air surrounding the damper) in extreme situations ,minaeT °C minimum ambient temperature (i.e. temperature of the air surrounding the damper) in extreme situations ,maxaoT °C maximum ambient temperature for normal vehicle operation ,minaoT °C minimum ambient temperature for normal vehicle operation ,maxsT °C maximum transportation or storage temperature to be experienced by the damper ,minsT °C minimum transportation or storage temperature to be experienced by the damper v m/s damper velocity, piston velocity that is the relative axial velocity of the damper maxv m/s maximum damper velocity NOTE 16 Highest velocity to be encountered during operation by the damper for the application specified and considered in the design of the damper. The value of this velocity is part of the technical specification of the damper. nv m/s nominal damper velocity NOTE 17 Upper velocity to be encountered during operation by the damper for the application specified. The value of this is part of the technical specification of the damper.
0v m/s the damper velocity amplitude at sinusoidal motion Φ rad force–displacement phase shift at sinusoidal motion (see the definition for cd and kd) ω rad/s angular velocity of excitation
SIST EN 13802:2004
EN 13802:2004 (E) 10 Z-XZY
Figure 1 — Spatial definition
DMAX
Figure 2 — Diameter Dmax of the damper space envelope SIST EN 13802:2004
EN 13802:2004 (E) 11
DmaxDresHres
Figure 3 — Cross sectional dimensions of damper (Dmax, Dres, Hres)
NOTE 18 The damper length definition will vary according to attachment details which are defined in the damper performance description. The length for the stern end attachment point is referenced from the support base of end mountings. The loop end attachment type is referenced from the centre of the loop.
LLLL
Figure 4 — Definition of damper length L SIST EN 13802:2004
EN 13802:2004 (E) 12
4 Method of specifying 4.1 Overview 4.1.1 General The customer requirements shall be defined by means of a damper performance description. An example of a form which may be used for this purpose is given in Annex A. This form allows the values proposed by the customer and the corresponding values offered by the supplier to be recorded. 4.1.2 Operational environment The customer shall supply the details on the operational environment listed below, to enable the supplier to provide a safe and effective product: service conditions: (see 4.2.1); climatic conditions: (see 4.2.2); particular conditions: (see 4.2.3); mounting conditions (if required). 4.1.3 Technical requirements The customer shall specify the characteristics for defining the damper according to its usage. These characteristics shall be selected from those specified in Table 1. The damper requirements and tolerances shall be agreed between the customer and supplier using a damper performance description of a form similar to that in Annex A. The variation criteria (tolerance) of the force-velocity characteristic shall be defined by the customer and specified in accordance with 4.4.4. Unless otherwise defined, the characteristics of the damper are defined under the range of temperatures from 17 °C to 23 °C. SIST EN 13802:2004
EN 13802:2004 (E) 13
Table 1 — Items to be considered for inclusion in the damper performance description Item Defined Testing Operational environment requirements 4.2 5.2
Service conditions 4.2.1 5.2.1
Service interval 4.2.1.1 5.2.1.1
Climatic conditions 4.2.2 5.2.2
Operating temperature Range 4.2.2.1 5.2.2.1
Temperature extremes 4.2.2.2 5.2.2.2
Storage temperatures 4.2.2.3 5.2.2.3
Specific climatic conditions 4.2.2.4 5.2.2.4
Other conditions 4.2.3 5.2.3
Vibrational exposure 4.2.4 5.2.3.1 Physical characteristics 4.3 5.3
Strength a 4.3.1 5.3.1
Fire resistance 4.3.2 5.3.2
Surface protection
a 4.3.3 5.3.3
Noise 4.3.4 5.3.4
Whole life environmental impact 4.3.5 5.3.5
Leakage 4.3.6 5.3.6
Length and stroke a 4.3.7 5.3.7
Overall dimensions and interface a 4.3.8 5.3.8
Mass 4.3.9 5.3.9 Functional requirements 4.4
5.4
Orientation a 4.4.1 5.4.1
Nominal force and nominal velocity a 4.4.2 5.4.2
Maximum force and maximum velocity a 4.4.3 5.4.3
Force-velocity characteristic a 4.4.4 5.4.4
Target values a 4.4.4.2 5.4.4.2
Force-displacement characteristic 4.4.5 5.4.5
Dynamic characteristic 4.4.6
Dynamic damping characteristics
5.4.6.2
Dynamic stiffness characteristic
5.4.6.3
Priming 4.4.7 5.4.7 a These items are mandatory. SIST EN 13802:2004
EN 13802:2004 (E) 14 4.2 Operational environment requirements 4.2.1 Service conditions 4.2.1.1 Service interval The customer shall specify the service interval of the damper. For a given service interval (time, distance), the damper performance description shall specify: the maximum permissible variation of functional characteristics; the maximum permissible rate of damper failure. When stating service intervals and abilities the factors stated in 4.2.3 shall be taken into account in addition to the following: exposure to vibration; contamination; abrasive dusts; and the range of climatic conditions normally experienced on railway vehicle suspensions. 4.2.1.2 Track conditions If the track conditions are different to the track conditions identified in prEN 14363 then the track quality shall be defined by the customer. 4.2.2 Climatic conditions 4.2.2.1 Operating temperature range [Tao,min
to Tao,max] The range of ambient operating temperature shall be included in the damper performance description.
— ,minaoT — ,maxaoT When exposed to the minimum and maximum operating temperatures, the damper shall conform to the characteristics specified for these temperatures. After exposure to the operating temperature range and return to the ambient temperature, the damper shall conform to the specified damper characteristics. NOTE If not known, the following limits are taken into consideration: — ,minaoT= -10 °C; — ,maxaoT= +40 °C.
4.2.2.2 Temperature extremes [Tae,min to Tae,max] Temperature extremes shall be included in the damper performance description. SIST EN 13802:2004
EN 13802:2004 (E) 15 NOTE If the temperature extremes are not known, the following limits can be taken as typical values: — ,minaeT= -25 °C — ,maxaeT= +70 °C When exposed to the above range of temperatures the damper is not required to conform to the specified characteristics, but it is required to function safely. The specific requirements to achieve safety (for example, the maximum force required to compress or extend a damper) shall be determined by the customer taking account of the specific application and any associated risk. After exposure to the extremes, however, the damper shall be required to recover and to conform to the specified characteristics. 4.2.2.3 Storage temperatures [Ts,min to Ts,max] The customer shall specify in the damper performance description the minimum and maximum temperatures which dampers are required to withstand during transport or storage. Dampers which experience extremes of temperature, low or high, shall recover the characteristics as defined in the damper performance description
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