SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
(Main)Plastics - Development and use of intermediate-scale fire tests for plastics products - Part 1: General guidance (ISO 15791-1:2002)
Plastics - Development and use of intermediate-scale fire tests for plastics products - Part 1: General guidance (ISO 15791-1:2002)
This document provides a framework guide for the development and use of intermediate-scale fire tests for products made of or containing plastics.
The guidance identifies typical applications of plastics products and possible fire scenarios that can arise involving products in these applications. The development and use of intermediate-scale tests is described to ensure their relevance to the end use of the product.
Kunststoffe - Entwicklung und Anwendung von Brandprüfungen im mittleren Maßstab für Kunststofferzeugnisse - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anleitung (ISO 15791-1:2002)
Plastiques - Développement et utilisation des essais au feu sur une échelle intermédiaire pour les produits plastiques - Partie 1: Principes directeurs généraux (ISO 15791-1:2002)
L'ISO 15791-1:2002 fournit un cadre directeur pour la mise au point et l'utilisation d'essais au feu à échelle intermédiaire applicables aux produits fabriqués en matériaux plastiques ou en contenant.
Le présent guide identifie des applications types de produits en matériaux plastiques ainsi que des scénarios feux susceptibles de se produire avec ces produits dans le cadre des applications en question. L'élaboration et l'utilisation d'essais à échelle intermédiaire sont décrites de façon à garantir leur pertinence vis-à-vis de l'utilisation finale du produit.
Polimerni materiali – Razvoj in uporaba lestvice požarnih preskusov za proizvode iz polimernih materialov – 1. del: Splošno (ISO 15791-1:2002)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
01-oktober-2004
Polimerni materiali – Razvoj in uporaba lestvice požarnih preskusov za proizvode
iz polimernih materialov – 1. del: Splošno (ISO 15791-1:2002)
Plastics - Development and use of intermediate-scale fire tests for plastics products -
Part 1: General guidance (ISO 15791-1:2002)
Kunststoffe - Entwicklung und Anwendung von Brandprüfungen im mittleren Maßstab für
Kunststofferzeugnisse - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anleitung (ISO 15791-1:2002)
Plastiques - Développement et utilisation des essais au feu sur une échelle intermédiaire
pour les produits plastiques - Partie 1: Principes directeurs généraux (ISO 15791-1:2002)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 15791-1:2004
ICS:
13.220.40 Sposobnost vžiga in Ignitability and burning
obnašanje materialov in behaviour of materials and
proizvodov pri gorenju products
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
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SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 15791-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2004
ICS 13.220.40; 83.080.01
English version
Plastics - Development and use of intermediate-scale fire tests
for plastics products - Part 1: General guidance (ISO 15791-
1:2002)
Plastiques - Développement et utilisation des essais au feu Kunststoffe - Entwicklung und Anwendung von
sur une échelle intermédiaire pour les produits plastiques - Brandprüfungen im mittleren Maßstab für
Partie 1: Principes directeurs généraux (ISO 15791-1:2002) Kunststofferzeugnisse - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anleitung (ISO
15791-1:2002)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 June 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 15791-1:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
EN ISO 15791-1:2004 (E)
Foreword
The text of ISO 15791-1:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics”
of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO
15791-1:2004 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 "Plastics", the secretariat of which is held
by IBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2005, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2005.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 15791-1:2002 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 15791-1:2004 without any
modifications.
NOTE Normative references to International Standards are listed in Annex ZA (normative).
2
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SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
EN ISO 15791-1:2004 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their relevant European publications
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of
any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to
applies (including amendments).
NOTE Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated
by (mod.), the relevant EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN Year
ISO 10093 1998 Plastics - Fire tests - Standard EN ISO 10093 1998
ignition sources
ISO 13943 2000 Fire safety - Vocabulary EN ISO 13943 2000
3
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SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
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SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15791-1
First edition
2002-08-01
Plastics — Development and use of
intermediate-scale fire tests for plastics
products —
Part 1:
General guidance
Plastiques — Développement et utilisation des essais au feu sur une
échelle intermédiaire pour les produits plastiques —
Partie 1: Principes directeurs généraux
Reference number
ISO 15791-1:2002(E)
©
ISO 2002
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SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
ISO 15791-1:2002(E)
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ii © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
ISO 15791-1:2002(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Types of plastics and typical products .2
5 Fire scenarios .3
6 Thermal characteristics of ignition sources.5
7 Design requirements.9
8 Examples of intermediate-scale test facilities.10
9 Test report .11
Bibliography.12
© ISO 2002 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
ISO 15791-1:2002(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 15791 may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15791-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning behaviour.
ISO 15791 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics — Development and use of intermediate-
scale fire tests for plastics products:
Part 1: General guidance
Part 2: Preparation and mounting of specimens
iv © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
ISO 15791-1:2002(E)
Introduction
Products for many applications are made of or contain substantial proportions of plastics. The fire performance of a
product depends on the materials from which it is made, the design of the product and its environment.
Industry needs to test products used for different applications for regulatory, quality control, development and pre-
selection purposes.
Numerous regulations and regional, state and local codes make reference to combustibility tests and standards,
and numerical material rankings derived from these tests are the most commonly available means of comparing the
various combustion characteristics of products. More than one test and possibly intermediate- or full-scale tests
may be necessary to qualify a plastic product for intended or proposed use or representative product end-use
conditions.
It appears necessary to have a scaled-down test method as a screening or control test when this regulatory testing
requires large apparatus with high cost.
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SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15791-1:2002(E)
Plastics — Development and use of intermediate-scale fire tests
for plastics products —
Part 1:
General guidance
1 Scope
This document provides a framework guide for the development and use of intermediate-scale fire tests for
products made of or containing plastics.
The guidance identifies typical applications of plastics products and possible fire scenarios that can arise involving
products in these applications. The development and use of intermediate-scale tests is described to ensure their
relevance to the end use of the product.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 15791. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 15791 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 5658-4, Reaction to fire tests — Spread of flame — Part 4: Intermediate-scale test of vertical spread of flame
with vertically oriented specimen
ISO 9705, Fire tests — Full-scale room test for surface products
ISO 10093, Plastics — Fire tests — Standard ignition sources
ISO/TR 13387-2, Fire safety engineering — Part 2: Design fire scenarios and design fires
ISO 13784-1, Reaction-to-fire tests for industrial sandwich panels — Part 1: Intermediate-scale test
ISO/IEC 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
ISO/TR 14696, Reaction to fire tests — Determination of fire parameters of materials, products and assemblies
using an intermediate-scale heat release calorimeter (ICAL)
IEC 61034-2, Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions — Test procedure and
requirements
EN 13823, Reaction to fire tests for building products — Building products excluding floorings exposed to the
thermal attack by a single burning item
© ISO 2002 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
ISO 15791-1:2002(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 15791, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 13943 and the following
apply.
3.1
material
single substance or uniformly dispersed mixture, for example a polymer
3.2
test specimen
representative piece of the product to be tested, together with any substrate or surface treatment
3.3
product
manufactured article ready for end use
3.4
fire scenario
detailed description of conditions for one or more of the stages from before ignition to the completion of combustion
in an actual fire at a specific location
4 Types of plastics and typical products
4.1 Generic types
All of the following types of plastics materials can be involved in a fire performance assessment:
thermoplastics;
thermosets;
fibre-reinforced plastics;
cellular plastics (both structural foams and low-density insulating foams).
4.2 Typical applications
Some applications for plastics which present particular problems in small-scale tests for their fire performance
assessment and which may require the use of intermediate-scale fire testing are:
semi-finished products;
housings for electrical appliances;
profiled sheets, e.g. roofing, or panels for containers;
profiles, e.g. conduits for electric cables, window-frames, extruded sections;
weatherproof glazing for agricultural buildings;
foam pipe-sections;
pipes, e.g. rainwater drainage and discharge pipes;
furniture, e.g. chairs;
pipes for air ventilation systems in e.g. ships, trains, aircraft;
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SIST EN ISO 15791-1:2004
ISO 15791-1:2002(E)
containers for liquids (e.g. oil, kerosene);
waste containers (for recycling materials or for rubbish).
4.3 Composites
The following special composites should be considered:
laminates, e.g. melamine-formaldehyde-covered chipboard;
laminated film and sheet, e.g. weatherproofing membranes;
moulded foams, e.g. for packaging;
structural mouldings, e.g. for ships, lorries, coaches, trains;
composite panels, e.g. rigid foams faced with metal sheets (especially steel or aluminium sheets) or inorganics
(especially gypsum or plasterboard) for thermal insulation;
fibre-reinforced products.
4.4 End-use conditions
Assessment of structural composite panels, thermoplastic glazing and similar plastics products, etc., can only be
done by taking into account their end-use conditions and installations. Any change in specimen surface position will
take the exposed specimen surface into a different heat exposure with regard to the applied ignition sources. For
non-planar products, different parts of the specimen will be heated at different flux levels at any given time.
5 Fire scenarios
The fire scenario (see 3.4) should reproduce the conditions in which the hazard exists. Any additional assumptions,
such as the environmental conditions, should be defined. Whether the focus of assessment is a material, product
or system is determined by an investigation of the contribution to the assumed scenario and the stage of the fire.
An ignition source may pose a variety of risks dependent on the associated environmental conditions and on a
number of characteristic fire test responses of materials, products or assemblies, including ease of ignition, flame
spread, rate of heat release, smoke generation, toxicity of combustion products and ease of extinction.
In small rooms, the typical primary ignition source is small, e.g. candles, matches, hot electrical wires. External
irradiance is zero for the first ignited item. The relevant parameters for further assessing the fire risk are flame
spread and rate of heat release. Combustible materials in the vicinity of the first ignited item are heated by
convection and irradiance, and the oxygen content in the room air, almost 21 % initially, begins to decrease. After a
certain time, flashover may occur, at which stage the room temperature can exceed 500 °C and the irradiance at
2
floor level can typically exceed 25 kW/m (see Figure 1). In such cases, the oxygen content in small rooms is not
normally sufficient for complete combustion.
...
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