SIST EN 45554:2020
(Main)General methods for the assessment of the ability to repair, reuse and upgrade energy related products
General methods for the assessment of the ability to repair, reuse and upgrade energy related products
This standard will fulfil requirements in Standardisation request M/543 by defining parameters and methods relevant for assessing the ability to repair and reuse products; the ability to upgrade products, excluding remanufacturing; the ability to access or remove certain components, consumables or assemblies from products to facilitate repair, reuse or upgrade and lastly by defining reusability indexes or criteria.
Allgemeine Verfahren zur Bewertung der Reparier-, Wiederverwendbarkeit und Upgrade-Fähigkeit energieverbrauchsrelevanter Produkte
Méthodes générales pour l'évaluation de la capacité de réparation, réutilisation et amélioration des produits liés à l'énergie
Le présent document fournit des méthodes génériques permettant d’évaluer les aspects suivants:
104 1. la capacité à réparer des produits
105 2. la capacité à réutiliser des produits ou des parties de ceux-ci
106 3. la capacité à améliorer des produits
107 Il contient des critères et méthodes génériques appropriés à l’évaluation de la capacité à accéder ou à retirer
108 certaines parties de produit à des fins de réparation, réutilisation ou amélioration.
109 NOTE Les capacités de remise en état et de refabrication sont couvertes par le prEN 45553:2018.
110 Les critères et les méthodes du présent document se concentrent sur la conception du produit et sur les
111 conditions associées lorsque le produit est mis sur le marché, en tenant compte de la connaissance des parties
112 susceptibles de subir une défaillance, qui doivent être remplacées ou qui présentent un potentiel de réutilisation
Splošne metode za ocenjevanje zmožnosti za popravila, ponovno uporabo in izboljšave proizvodov, povezanih z energijo
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 45554:2020
01-maj-2020
Splošne metode za ocenjevanje zmožnosti za popravila, ponovno uporabo in
izboljšave proizvodov, povezanih z energijo
General methods for the assessment of the ability to repair, reuse and upgrade energy
related products
Allgemeine Verfahren zur Bewertung der Reparier-, Wiederverwendbarkeit und
Upgrade-Fähigkeit energieverbrauchsrelevanter Produkte
Méthodes générales pour l'évaluation de la capacité de réparation, réutilisation et
amélioration des produits liés à l'énergie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 45554:2020
ICS:
13.030.50 Recikliranje Recycling
SIST EN 45554:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 45554:2020
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 45554
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2020
ICS 13.030.50
English Version
General methods for the assessment of the ability to repair,
reuse and upgrade energy-related products
Méthodes générales pour l'évaluation de la capacité de Allgemeine Verfahren zur Bewertung der Reparatur-,
réparation, réutilisation et amélioration des produits liés à Wiederverwendbarkeits- und Upgrade-Fähigkeit
l'énergie energieverbrauchsrelevanter Produkte
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2 December 2019. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the
CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre
has the same status as the official versions.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CEN/CENELEC CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 45554:2020 E
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EN 45554:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviations . 7
4 How to use this document . 7
4.1 General . 7
4.2 Steps to define a product-specific assessment method . 8
5 Identification of parts to be assessed . 8
5.1 General considerations . 8
5.2 Assessment of the relevance of parts . 9
5.2.1 Repair . 9
5.2.2 Reuse . 9
5.2.3 Upgrade . 9
5.3 Ranking parts in a priority parts list . 10
6 Product-related criteria . 10
6.1 Introduction . 10
6.2 Repair . 10
6.3 Reuse . 10
6.4 Upgrade . 11
7 Support-related criteria . 11
7.1 Introduction . 11
7.2 Repair . 11
7.3 Reuse . 11
7.4 Upgrade . 12
8 Documenting the assessment of a product’s ability to be repaired, reused, upgraded . 12
8.1 General . 12
8.2 Elements of the assessment . 12
Annex A (informative) Assessment methods for repair, reuse and upgrade . 14
A.1 General . 14
A.2 Index for the ability of a product to be disassembled . 14
A.3 Time for disassembly . 14
A.4 Example of a scoring system . 14
A.4.1 Introduction . 14
A.4.2 Disassembly depth . 15
A.4.3 Fasteners and connectors . 15
A.4.4 Tools . 16
A.4.5 Working environment . 20
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Skill level . 20
A.4.6
A.4.7 Diagnostic support and interfaces . 21
A.4.8 Availability of spare parts . 22
A.4.9 Types and availability of information . 25
A.4.10 Return options . 27
A.4.11 Data management . 27
A.4.12 Password and factory reset for reuse . 28
A.4.13 Aggregation of criteria scores . 29
Bibliography . 30
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European foreword
This document (EN 45554:2020) has been prepared by CEN/CLC/JTC 10 “Energy-related products - Material
Efficiency Aspects for Ecodesign”.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which this document has to be implemented (dop) 2020-12-02
at national level by publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with (dow) 2022-12-02
this document have to be withdrawn
The dual logo CEN-CENELEC standardization deliverables, in the numerical range of 45550 – 45559, have
been developed under standardization request M/543 of the European Commission and are intended to
potentially apply to any product within the scope of the Directive 2009/125/EC concerning energy-related
products (ErP).
Topics covered in the above standardization request are linked to the following material efficiency aspects:
a) Extending product lifetime
b) Ability to reuse components or recycle materials from products at end-of-life
c) Use of reused components and/or recycled materials in products
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association
These standards are general in nature and describe or define fundamental principles, concepts, terminology or
technical characteristics. They can be cited together with other product publications, e.g. developed by product
technical committees.
This document is intended to be used by technical committees when producing horizontal, generic, and product-
specific, or product group publications.
NOTE CEN-CENELEC JTC 10 uses either CEN or CENELEC foreword templates, as appropriate. The template for
the current document is correct at the time of publication.
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Introduction
In this document, common elements for the ability of an ErP to be repaired, reused or upgraded, such as an
evaluation of the ability of parts to be disassembled, are addressed at part and product levels.
This document is especially linked to the generic documents on “Durability” and “Ability of ErPs to be
remanufactured”, EN 45552, "General method for the assessment of the durability of energy-related products",
and EN 45553, "General method for the assessment of the ability to remanufacture energy-related products",
[1], respectively.
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1 Scope
This document provides generic methods to assess the following aspects:
1. the ability of products to be repaired
2. the ability of products, or parts thereof, to be reused
3. the ability of products to be upgraded
For the purposes of this document, “product” refers to “Energy-related Product (ErP)”.
This document includes generic criteria and methods relevant for assessing the ability of certain parts to be
removed from products for the purpose of repair, reuse or upgrade.
NOTE The ability to of a product to be remanufactured is covered in prEN 45553:2018.
The methods in this document include product-related and support-related criteria when the product is placed
on the market, taking into account knowledge of parts that are likely to fail, need replacing, or have reuse
potential.
The decision whether a product should be repaired, reused or upgraded, is dependent on a range of factors
such as health and safety, as well as economic, legal and environmental aspects. However, the question of
whether it is reasonable to repair, reuse or upgrade products is outside of the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
1
EN 45552:—, General method for the assessment of the durability of energy-related products
EN 45559, Methods for providing information relating to material efficiency aspects of energy-related products
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
NOTE CEN CLC/TR 45550 [2], which is currently under development, contains additional definitions related to material
efficiency of ErP.
3.1.1
part
hardware, firmware or software constituent of a product
1
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: prEN 45552:2018
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3.1.2
disassembly
process whereby a product is taken apart in such a way that it could subsequently be reassembled and made
operational
[SOURCE: IEC 62542 definition 6.1, modified by changing “an item” into “a product” and deleting the note]
3.1.3
reuse
process by which a product or its parts, having reached the end of their first use, are used for the same purpose
for which they were conceived
Note 1 to entry: Reuse after second or subsequent usage is also considered as reuse, but normal, regular or sporadic use
is not considered as reuse.
3.1.4
repair
process of returning a faulty product to a condition where it can fulfil its intended use
3.1.5
upgrade
process of enhancing the functionality, performance, capacity or aesthetics of a product
Note 1 to entry: An upgrade to a product may involve changes to its software, firmware and/or hardware.
Note 2 to entry: Refer to the “Blue Guide” [3] for conditions under which a product is considered as a new product when
placing it on the market after upgrading it.
3.2 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations have been used in this document:
ErP Energy-related Product
eDIM Ease of Disassembly Metric
MOST Maynard Operation Sequence Technique
4 How to use this document
4.1 General
This document provides the following generic methods and criteria for assessing the ability of products, or parts
thereof, to be repaired, reused and/or upgraded:
• An assessment method elaborated in 4.2 to Clause 8
• Two additional methods (Index and Time) offered as examples in A.1 and A.2, respectively.
This document is general in nature and allows the user to select assessment methods and criteria as appropriate
for different groups of products. The options, list of criteria and their classifications provided in this document
are not exhaustive. The relevance of each criterion and appropriateness of a classification for a specific product
group shall be assessed according to the characteristics of the product group.
Clause 5 addresses the prioritization of parts and Clauses 6 and 7 list criteria that influence the ability of a
product or parts thereof, to be repaired, reused and/or upgraded. A description and classification is provided for
each criterion in Annex A.4. References linking each repair, reuse and upgrade criterion in the main text with its
description and classification in the Annex is provided in Clauses 6 and 7. Clause 8 covers how the assessment
can be reported.
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Additionally, information on an index for the ability of a product to be disassembled and the time for disassembly
are provided in Annexes A.1 and A.2 respectively.
There is considerable overlap in terms of prioritization of parts and criteria among the three aspects this
document addresses (repair, reuse and upgrade). Therefore, in order to facilitate their presentation, the aspect
of repair is used as a basis when presenting methods and criteria, and separate subclauses address specific
aspects related to reuse and upgrade.
The user of this document shall also provide a method to verify the result of the assessment. The assessment
criteria shall be reliable, accurate and reproducible.
4.2 Steps to define a product-specific assessment method
When defining a product-specific assessment method, the user of this document shall use the following steps:
1. Determination of priority parts for the assessment (see Clause 5);
2. Identification of criteria (see Clause 6 and 7) and applicable categories relevant for the assessment of each
priority part (See A.4.1 to A.4.12);
3. Assignment of a ranking/classification score to each applicable category of relevant criteria for each priority
part (See A.4.1 and A.4.13);
Optionally, the following step can also be used:
4. Specification of a calculation method to aggregate results deriving from the aforementioned step 3, taking
into account each criterion for each priority part (See A.4.13).
5 Identification of parts to be assessed
5.1 General considerations
To assess the ability of a product to be repaired, reused or upgraded, the user of this document shall establish
a list of priority parts. This shall be based on available information or criteria as defined in 5.2.
It is necessary to prioritize parts because not all will be equally relevant to repair, reuse, or upgrade. The parts
that have been prioritized are considered priority parts.
In order to identify priority parts, all parts shall be considered taking into account the analysis of EN 45552. The
assessment described in Clauses 6 and 7 applies to priority parts only.
The following sources of information shall be consulted (as available; the list is non-exhaustive):
— Regulations;
— Product manufacturers;
— Parts manufacturers;
— Repair or maintenance organizations;
— Reuse organizations;
— Consumer organizations;
— Scientific literature and study reports.
The established product-group specific lists of priority parts for assessing the ability of a product to be repaired,
reused or upgraded can be different from one another. The need to replace a part for repair or maintenance is
also highly dependent on the technology used for that part. Parts providing the same function in similar products
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can be based on different technologies, resulting in different likelihoods of failure or wear-out. Therefore, the
identification of priority parts should also take into account such technology differences.
What determines a priority part is:
• The likelihood of the need to replace or upgrade the part,
• The suitability of the part for reuse, and
• The functionality of the part.
NOTE Priority parts likely to suffer damage or induce damage to the product upon removal do not facilitate repair,
reuse or upgrade as those that are easily removable.
5.2 Assessment of the relevance of parts
5.2.1 Repair
Parts with a high average occurrence of failure shall be added to the list of priority parts for repair, taking into
account their relevance to the functionality of the product.
Data shall be gathered to assess the likelihood that parts fail, such that replacement or repair are necessary.
More details can be found in EN 45552.
Data may be based on physical testing, statistical surveys, calculations and field data. Accidental breakdowns
and normal wear-out shall also be considered as sources of part failure.
NOTE Accidental breakdown is the unintentional breaking of a product by inadvertence, a mistake or a misuse of the
user.
5.2.2 Reuse
Reuse of products
If deemed appropriate, the assessment of the ability of a product to be reused shall follow the criteria for repair
in 5.2.1. If applicable, parts of a product containing personal data and parts of a product enabling the transfer
and/or deletion of personal data shall be classified as priority parts.
Reuse of parts
For building a list of priority parts for their reuse, the following shall be taken into account:
• Parts can be harvested in cases where there is a high demand for them to be reused.
• Parts can be of reuse interest because they last longer than the lifetime of the product.
For some parts, the ability to be reused can be determined by the ability of user data to be transferred and/or
deleted (see example in A.4.11), and factory settings to be restored (see example in A.4.12).
NOTE The motivation to reuse a part is influenced by its ability to withstand wear and tear and also by its continued
compatibility with other products.
5.2.3 Upgrade
Parts subject to rapid technological changes or changes in use profiles over the use phase of the product shall
be added to the list of priority parts for upgrade.
When compiling the list of priority parts for upgrade, the following shall be taken into account:
• Typical upgrade features and frequency of upgrade
• Product replacement motivations: the recurring motivations for replacing a still functioning product (i.e.
motivated by increasing performance or functionality demands).
• Upgrade upon repair options: the priority parts for repair are analysed for their potential to be replaced
with enhanced functionality or capacity.
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5.3 Ranking parts in a priority parts list
Where relevant, the list of priority parts shall be ranked according to the criteria defined under 5.2, in terms of
enabling repair, reuse or upgrade. Ranking helps to focus on the parts most likely to require repair, reuse or
upgrade. If the ranking of priority parts takes place, it shall be used to weight the assessment results as
described in Annex A.4.13.
6 Product-related criteria
6.1 Introduction
To determine the criteria for the assessment of a product or product group, the applicability, appropriateness
and relevance shall be considered. The criteria listed in this and Clause 7 shall be compiled in a product-specific
assessment method.
By way of example, these criteria are elaborated in Annex A, which provides a basis for the development of
product-specific methods, and includes an example of a scoring system for the assessment of the ability of a
product to be repaired, reused and/or upgraded.
The product-related criteria listed for repair can also be applicable for reuse and upgrade. Similarly, for any of
the three aspects assessed, the other two can also have an influence and should be considered.
6.2 Repair
A non-exhaustive list of criteria influencing the ability of the product to be repaired is provided in this subclause.
When defining a product-specific assessment method, the user of this document shall consider the criteria below
to decide which of the criteria are relevant for the product group in question:
• Disassembly depth (see example in A.4.2);
• Fasteners and connectors (see example in A.4.3);
• Tools (see example in A.4.4);
• Working environment (see example in A.4.5); and
• Skill level (see example in A.4.6).
A list of basic tools used for repair purposes in general, regardless of the specific product being repaired is
provided in Table A.3. If the concept of basic tools is used in the assessment of a specific product group, then
the list in Table A.3 shall be used.
6.3 Reuse
Reuse can apply to both a product and a part.
NOTE The motivation to reuse a product or a part is influenced by its ability to withstand wear and tear and also by its
continued compatibility with other products.
The ability of a product to be reused is influenced by its ability to be repaired or upgraded.
The ability of some products to be reused can be determined by the ability of user data to be transferred and/or
deleted (see example in A.4.11), and factory settings to be restored (see example in A.4.12).
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6.4 Upgrade
The ability of a product to be upgraded can be assessed based on the ability of the product to be fitted with and
function with parts of enhanced functionality, performance, capacity or aesthetics. For assessing the ability of
products to be upgraded, the criteria referenced in 6.2 and 6.3 shall also be taken into account.
Specific attention should be given to the role of software and firmware. The ability of a product to be upgraded
can have a positive impact on the ability of a product to be reused.
7 Support-related criteria
7.1 Introduction
To determine the support-related criteria for the assessment of a product or product group, the applicability,
appropriateness and relevance shall be considered. The criteria listed in this clause and in Clause 6 should be
compiled in a product-specific assessment method.
NOTE 1 Support means the provision by the manufacturer of human resources, equipment, materials and spare parts,
facilities, documentation, information, and information systems, with the aim to facilitate repair, reuse and/or upgrading.
NOTE 2 Support-related criteria are limited to provisions from and/or authorized by the manufacturer of the product.
By way of example, these criteria are elaborated in Annex A, which provides a basis for the development of
product-specific methods and includes an example of a scoring system for the assessment of the ability of a
product to be repaired, reused and/or upgraded.
7.2 Repair
The support provided by the manufacturer for repair shall be assessed based on information provided with the
product, or in the product’s terms and conditions, or publicly available information from the manufacturer.
When defining a product-specific assessment method, the user of this document shall consider the non-
exhaustive list below:
• Diagnostic support and interfaces (see example in A.4.7);
• Availability of spare parts (see example in A.4.8);
• Types and availability of information (see example in A.4.9); and
• Return models for repair (see example in A.4.10).
Some of these criteria are also relevant for reuse and upgrade.
7.3 Reuse
The support-related criteria for reuse shall be assessed based on information provided with the product, or in
the terms and conditions of the product, or publicly available information from the manufacturer.
The ability of products to be reused is dependent on the ability to be repaired and/or upgraded. Support-related
criteria for repair and upgrade are therefore also relevant for reuse.
All support-related criteria that enable the transfer of ownership are relevant, including information, tools and
services offered by the manufacturer to facilitate identification of the product or part, the ability of data to be
deleted and/or transferred or factory settings to be restored (see examples in
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 45554:2019
01-januar-2019
Splošne metode za ocenjevanje zmožnosti za popravila, ponovno uporabo in
izboljšave proizvodov, povezanih z energijo
General methods for the assessment of the ability to repair, reuse and upgrade energy
related products
Allgemeine Verfahren zur Bewertung der Reparier-, Wiederverwendbarkeit und Upgrade-
Fähigkeit energieverbrauchsrelevanter Produkte
Méthodes générales pour l'évaluation de la capacité de réparation, réutilisation et
amélioration des produits liés à l'énergie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 45554
ICS:
13.030.50 Recikliranje Recycling
oSIST prEN 45554:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 45554:2019
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oSIST prEN 45554:2019
EUROPEAN STANDARD DRAFT
prEN 45554
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2018
ICS 13.030.50
English Version
General methods for the assessment of the ability to repair,
reuse and upgrade energy related products
Méthodes générales pour l'évaluation de la capacité de Allgemeine Verfahren zur Bewertung der Reparier-,
réparation, réutilisation et amélioration des produits liés à Wiederverwendbarkeit und Upgrade-Fähigkeit
l'énergie energieverbrauchsrelevanter Produkte
This draft European Standard is submitted to CENELEC members for enquiry. Deadline for CENELEC: 2019-01-25.
It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/CLC/JTC 10. If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN and CENELEC
members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN and CENELEC in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any
other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CEN/CENELEC CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. prEN 45554 E
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7 Contents Page
8 European foreword . 4
9 Introduction . 4
10 1 Scope . 6
11 2 Normative references . 6
12 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 6
13 3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
14 3.2 Abbreviations . 7
15 4 How to use this document . 7
16 5 Identification of parts to be assessed . 8
17 5.1 General considerations . 8
18 5.2 Assessment of the relevance of parts . 8
19 5.2.1 Repair . 8
20 5.2.2 Re-use . 9
21 5.2.3 Upgrade . 9
22 5.3 Ranking parts in a priority parts list . 9
23 6 Product-related criteria . 9
24 6.1 Introduction . 9
25 6.2 Repair . 9
26 6.3 Re-use . 10
27 6.4 Upgrade . 10
28 7 Support-related criteria . 10
29 7.1 Introduction . 10
30 7.2 Repair . 10
31 7.3 Re-use . 10
32 7.4 Upgrade . 11
33 8 Reporting reparability, re-useability and upgradeability aspects . 11
34 8.1 General . 11
35 8.2 Elements of the assessment report . 11
36 Annex A (informative) Assessment methods for repair, re-use and upgrade . 12
37 A.1 Semiquantitative assessment . 12
38 A.1.1 Introduction . 12
39 A.1.2 Disassembly depth . 12
40 A.1.3 Fasteners . 13
41 A.1.4 Tools . 13
42 A.1.5 Working environment . 18
43 A.1.6 Skill level . 18
44 A.1.7 Diagnostic support and interfaces. 19
45 A.1.8 Availability of spare parts . 20
46 A.1.9 Types and availability of information . 22
47 A.1.10 Return models . 24
48 A.1.11 Data transfer and deletion . 24
49 A.1.12 Password and factory reset for reuse . 25
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50 Aggregation of criteria scores . 26
A.1.13
51 A.2 Quantitative assessment . 27
52 A.2.1 Disassemblability index . 27
53 A.2.2 Time for disassembly . 27
54 Bibliography . 28
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55 European foreword
56 This document [prEN 45554:2018] has been prepared by CEN/CLC/JTC 10 “Energy-related products -
57 Material Efficiency Aspects for Ecodesign”.
58 This document is currently submitted to the CENELEC Enquiry.
59 The following dates are proposed:
• latest date by which the existence of this (doa) dor + 6 months
document has to be announced at national
level
• latest date by which this document has to be (dop) dor + 12 months
implemented at national level by publication of
an identical national standard or by
endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards (dow) dor + 36 months
conflicting with this document have to be (to be confirmed or
withdrawn modified when voting)
60 The dual logo CEN-CENELEC standardization deliverables, in the numerical range of 45550 – 45559, have
61 been developed under standardization request M/543 of the European Commission and are intended to
62 potentially apply to any product within the scope of the Directive 2009/125/EC concerning Energy-related
63 Products (ErP).
64 Topics covered in the above standardization request are linked to the following material efficiency aspects:
65 a) Extending product lifetime
66 b) Ability to re-use components or recycle materials from products at end-of-life
67 c) Use of re-used components and/or recycled materials in products
68 These standards are general in nature and describe or define fundamental principles, concepts, terminology or
69 technical characteristics. They can be cited together with other product, or product-group, standards, e.g.
70 developed by product technical committees.
71 This document is intended to be used by technical committees when producing horizontal, generic, and product,
72 or product-group, standards.
73 Note CEN/CENELEC/JTC 10 is a dual logo TC, and uses either CEN or CENELEC foreword templates, as appropriate.
74 The template for the current document is correct at the time of publication.
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75 Introduction
76 As ErPs can often not be completely recycled and the benefits associated with material recovery cannot fully
77 compensate the energy (and material) demand of the whole production chain, each disposed ErP also means
78 losses in energy and materials. In particular, precious and special metals are currently recycled to a very limited
79 extent and plastics are mainly used for energy recovery. Therefore, prolonging useful life by repair and re-use
80 are relevant contributions to resource efficiency of ErPs.
81 In order to ensure that measures do indeed reduce the environmental impact related to an ErP, the entire life
82 cycle needs to be considered. In the case of prolonging useful life this includes for example the evaluation of
83 trade-offs between longer lifetime and reduced environmental impacts of new products. Whilst such aspects
84 establish a relevant context for this document, they are not addressed in this document.
85 In this document, common elements for reparability, reusability and upgradeability such as an evaluation of the
86 ease of disassembly are addressed at a part and product level. Quantitative (index-related) evaluation and
87 qualitative (checklist / scoring based evaluation) options for assessment of reparability, reusability and
88 upgradability are considered.
89 The decision whether a product should be repaired, reused or upgraded or not, may be dependent on a range
90 of factors such as hazards or hygiene issues on the one hand, or economic, legal and environmental aspects
91 on the other hand. However, the question of whether a product should or should not be repaired, reused or
92 upgraded is outside of the scope of this document.
93 This document is especially linked to the generic documents on “Durability” and “Ability to re-manufacture”,
94 prEN 45552 and prEN 45553, respectively.
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95 1 Scope
96 This document provides generic methods to assess the following aspects:
97 1. the ability to repair products
98 2. the ability to re-use products, or parts thereof
99 3. the ability to upgrade products
100 It includes generic criteria and methods relevant for assessing the ability to access or remove certain parts from
101 products for the purpose of repair, re-use or upgrading.
102 NOTE Abilities to refurbish and re-manufacture are covered in prEN 45553:2018.
103 The criteria and methods in this document focus on the design of the product and related conditions when the
104 product is placed on the market, taking into account knowledge of parts that are likely to fail, need replacing, or
105 have re-use potential.
106 2 Normative references
107 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
108 requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
109 latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
110 prEN 45559, Methods for providing information relating to material efficiency aspects of energy-related products
111 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
112 3.1 Terms and definitions
113 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
114 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
115 • IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
116 • ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
117 Note prCEN/CLC/TR 45550, which is currently under development, contains additional definitions related to
118 Material Efficiency of ErPs.
119 3.1.1
120 part
121 hardware, firmware or software constituent of a product
122 3.1.2
123 disassembly
124 process whereby a product is taken apart in such a way that it could subsequently be reassembled and made
125 operational
126 [SOURCE: IEC 62542 definition 6.1, modified by changing “an item” into “a product” and deleting the note]
127 3.1.3
128 re-use
129 operation by which products or parts that are not waste are used for the same purpose for which they were
130 conceived by another user
131 Note 1 to Entry: the transfer of ownership is essential part of the concept of re-use
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132 3.1.4
133 repair
134 process of returning a faulty product to a condition where it can fulfil its intended use
135 3.1.5
136 upgrade
137 process to enhance the functionality, performance, capacity or aesthetics of a product
138 Note 1 to entry: upgrade may involve changes to the software, firmware and/or hardware
139 [SOURCE: IEC 62075:2012, definition 3.23, modified by the addition of Note 1 to entry.]
140 3.2 Abbreviations
141 The following abbreviations have been used in this document:
ErP Energy-related Product
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
142 4 How to use this document
143 This document provides assessment types and criteria that shall be considered when developing product-
144 specific methods for assessing the ability to repair, reuse and upgrade of ErPs. It is general in nature and
145 provides options allowing for the selection of assessment types and criteria as appropriate for each product
146 group. The options, list of criteria and their classification provided in this document are not exhaustive. The user
147 of the document can decide not to implement certain assessment types or criteria, when developing product-
148 specific assessment methods. The relevance of each criterion and appropriateness of a classification for a
149 specific product group shall be assessed on product-by-product basis according to the characteristics of the
150 product group.
151 The document addresses the prioritization of parts and lists criteria that influence repair, re-use, upgrade. A
152 description and classification is provided for each criterion in Annex A. References linking each repair, re-use,
153 upgrade criterion in the main text with its description and classification in the Annex are provided in sections 6
154 and 7. Further ways of assessing repair, re-use, upgrade quantitatively are also provided in Annex A.
155 There is considerable overlap in terms of prioritization of parts and criteria among the three aspects this
156 document addresses (repair, re-use and upgrade). Therefore, in order to facilitate their presentation, the aspect
157 of repair is used as a basis when presenting methods and criteria, and separate subsections address
158 specificities related to re-use and upgrade.
159 This document contains the following assessment types:
160 • Semiquantitative assessment, i.e. individual or combined classification of criteria associated with the
161 product, and
162 • Quantitative assessment, i.e. numeric measuring of the degree to which a criterion is addressed in the
163 product (e.g. indices)
164 Qualitative assessment is also possible, i.e. evaluating the existence of specific criterion associated with the
165 product without classification or combination of criteria. As this can be readily derived from a semiquantitative
166 assessment, this approach is not elaborated separately in this document. However, the criteria described in
167 Annex A may be used as a basis for such approaches.
168 The user of the document shall also provide a method to verify the assessment.
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169 5 Identification of parts to be assessed
170 5.1 General considerations
171 In order to simplify the assessment, a prioritization of parts may take place because not all parts will be equally
172 prone to be repaired, re-used, or upgraded. Therefore, not all parts need to be assessed.
173 In order to identify priority parts, all parts shall be considered. If priority parts are identified, the assessment
174 described in the Clauses 6 and 7 applies to these priority parts only.
175 Therefore, to assess the ability of a product to be repaired, re-used or upgraded the user of this document shall
176 either:
177 1. establish a list of priority parts based on
178 a. available information or
179 b. criteria as defined in section 5.2, or;
180 2. establish criteria on how to define priority parts, or;
181 3. do a combination of both.
182 For the above, at least the following sources of information shall be considered (as available):
183 — regulations
184 — product manufacturers
185 — parts manufacturers
186 — repair or maintenance organizations
187 — re-use organizations
188 — consumer organizations
189 — scientific literature and study reports
190 The lists established for assessing the ability to repair, re-use and upgrade might need to be different from each
191 other.
192 The relevance of having a part replaceable or upgradeable is highly dependent on the likelihood that such a
193 replacement is needed for repairing or upgrading the product.
194 For the assessment of priority parts, technological differences amongst products of a product group should be
195 considered, because different technologies that realize the same function might have completely different
196 relevance with regard to reparability, re-usability and upgradability.
197 Example Electric motors that last below X hours
198 5.2 Assessment of the relevance of parts
199 5.2.1 Repair
200 Evaluation of parts for repair should focus on the average occurrence of failure of the part.
201 Relevant data shall be considered that allows assessment of the likelihood that parts fail making replacement
202 or repair necessary. Data may be based on statistical surveys, calculations (e.g. MTBF) or experimental data.
203 Part failure, accidental breakdowns and normal wear-out shall be considered. More details can be found in the
204 standard dealing with durability assessment methods in prEN 45552.
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205 5.2.2 Re-use
206 If deemed appropriate, the parts prioritization for the assessment of reusability of products should follow the
207 criteria for repair. If applicable, parts potentially enabling the transfer and deletion of personal data should be
208 classified as priority parts.
209 For the assessment of reusability of parts, the user of the document may follow the general considerations in
210 6.3. so as to develop a list of priority parts.
211 5.2.3 Upgrade
212 The evaluation of parts for upgrade is expected to focus mainly, but not exclusively, on parts subject to rapid
213 technological changes or changes in use profiles over the use phase of the product.
214 In order to identify priority parts for upgrade purposes, the following should be considered from the sources
215 listed in 5.1:
216 — Typical upgrade features and frequency of upgrade
217 — Product replacement motivations: The recurring motivations for replacing a still functioning product (i.e.
218 motivated by increasing performance or functionality demands).
219 — Repair to upgrade options: The priority parts for repair are analysed for their potential to be replaced with
220 enhanced functionality or capacity.
221 5.3 Ranking parts in a priority parts list
222 When establishing a list of priority parts, it shall be considered to rank or weight the parts according to the criteria
223 defined under 5.2 in terms of enabling repair, reuse and upgrade respectively. The ranking of priority parts shall
224 be used to weight the assessment results as described in Annex A.1.13.
225 6 Product-related criteria
226 6.1 Introduction
227 This clause gives an overview of the product criteria that shall be considered in the course of writing product-
228 group specific standards. The criteria listed in this and the following clause may be compiled in a product-specific
229 assessment method.
230 These criteria are elaborated in Annex A, also providing an example of a scoring system for the semiquantitative
231 and quantitative assessment of repair, re-use and upgrade, which provides a basis for the development of
232 product-specific methods.
233 The criteria listed for repair might also be applicable for the other two aspects. Similarly, for any of the three
234 aspects assessed, the other two may also have an influence and may be considered.
235 6.2 Repair
236 A non-exhaustive list of criteria influencing repair is provided in this section. When defining a product-specific
237 assessment method, the user of this document shall consider the criteria below.
238 • Disassembly sequence and depth (A.1.2)
239 • Fasteners (A.1.3)
240 • Tools (A.1.4)
241 • Working environment (A.1.5)
242 • Skill level (A.1.6)
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243 A list of tools most commonly used for repair purposes in general, regardless of the specific product being
244 repaired is provided in Table 3 of A.1.4. If the category of Basic Tools is used in the assessment of a specific
245 product group, then the list in Table 3 shall be used.
246 6.3 Re-use
247 Re-use can apply to both a product and a part. The ability to re-use a product or a part is predominantly
248 influenced by its ability to withstand wear and tear, which may be assessed according to EN 45552. The ability
249 to re-use is also influenced by the ability to repair and the ability to upgrade.
250 For some products, the ability to be re-used may be determined by the ability of user data to be transferred and
251 deleted (A.1.11), and factory settings to be restored (A.1.12).
252 It should also be noted that reliability and durability assessments of the part are relevant.
253 6.4 Upgrade
254 The upgradability of the product can be assessed based on the ability to add or replace one or more priority
255 upgrade parts. For assessing the upgradability of products, the criteria referenced in Clause 6 should be
256 followed. Specific attention however should be given to the role of software and firmware. The ability to upgrade
257 a product might have a positive impact on the likelihood that a product is re-used.
258 7 Support-related criteria
259 7.1 Introduction
260 This clause provides an overview of the support-related criteria that shall be considered in the course of writing
261 product-group specific standards. The criteria listed in this and the previous clause may be compiled in a product
262 specific assessment method.
263 NOTE Manufacturer support is limited to services provided and/or authorized by the manufacturer.
264 These criteria are elaborated in Annex A, also providing an example of a scoring system for the semiquantitative
265 and quantitative assessment of repair, re-use and upgrade, which provides guidelines for the development of
266 product-specific methods.
267 7.2 Repair
268 Next to the assessment of the product-related criteria specified in Clause 6, the support provided by
269 manufacturer for repair should be assessed based on the declaration of the manufacturer or publicly available
270 information of the manufacturer. A non-exhaustive list of support-related criteria influencing repair is provided
271 in this section. Some of these criteria are also relevant for re-use and upgrade. When defining a product-specific
272 assessment method, the user of this document shall consider the criteria below:
273 • Diagnostic support and interfaces (A.1.7)
274 • Availability of spare parts (A.1.8)
275 • Types and availability of information (A.1.9)
276 • Return models (A.1.10)
277 7.3 Re-use
278 To a large extent, the ability of products to be re-used is dependent on the ability to be repaired and/or upgraded.
279 Support-related criteria for repair and upgrade are therefore also relevant for re-use.
280 Specifically for re-use, all criteria of manufacturer support that enable the transfer of ownership are relevant,
281 including information, tools and services offered by the manufacturer to facilitate identification of the product or
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282 part, the ability of data to be deleted and/or transferred or factory settings to be restored. (A.1.9, A.1.11. and
283 A.1.12)
284 7.4 Upgrade
285 Upgradability of the product can be assessed in terms of manufacturer support based on the availability of parts
286 for upgrade (rather than spare parts) as well as the availability of supporting information and software and
287 firmware support.(A.1.8 an
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