SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
(Main)Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems (ISO 6385:2004)
Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems (ISO 6385:2004)
ISO 6385:2004 establishes the fundamental principles of ergonomics as basic guidelines for the design of work systems and defines relevant basic terms. It describes an integrated approach to the design of work systems, where ergonomists will cooperate with others involved in the design, with attention to the human, the social and the technical requirements in a balanced manner during the design process.
While the principles in ISO 6385:2004 are oriented to the design of work systems, they are applicable to any field of human activity, e.g. in the design of products for domestic and leisure activities.
Grundsätze der Ergonomie für die Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen (ISO 6385:2004)
Diese Internationale Norm legt Grundsätze der Ergonomie in Form von grundlegenden Leitlinien zur Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen fest und definiert die relevanten grundsätzlichen Begriffe. Sie beschreibt einen integrierten Ansatz für die Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen, bei dem Arbeitswissenschaftler mit Anderen, die an der Gestaltung beteiligt sind, zusammen arbeiten und während des Gestaltungsprozesses die menschlichen, sozialen und technischen Anforderungen ausgewogen beachten.
Zu den Anwendern dieser Internationalen Norm werden Führungskräfte, Arbeitende (oder deren Repräsentanten) und Fachleute wie Arbeitswissenschaftler, Projektleiter und Designer gehören, die an der Gestaltung oder Umgestaltung von Arbeitssystemen mitarbeiten. Für die Anwender dieser Internationalen Norm können allgemeine Kenntnisse der Ergonomie (der Arbeitswissenschaft), der Technik und der Gestaltung sowie des Qualitäts- und Projektmanagements hilfreich sein.
Der Begriff ?Arbeitssystem" wird in dieser Internationalen Norm zur Beschreibung einer Vielzahl von Arbeitssituationen verwendet. Zielrichtung ist die Verbesserung, Gestaltung/Umgestaltung oder die Veränderung von Arbeitssystemen. Zu einem Arbeitssystem gehören Menschen und Arbeitsmittel innerhalb eines bestimmten Raums und einer bestimmten Umgebung sowie das Zusammenwirken dieser Komponenten innerhalb einer Arbeitsorganisation. Die Komplexität und die Eigenschaften von Arbeitssystemen sind unterschiedlich. Beispiele für Arbeitssysteme sind: eine Maschine mit einer Einzelperson; eine Verarbeitungsanlage einschließlich ihres Bedien- und Wartungspersonals, ein Flugfeld mit Benutzern und Personal; ein Büro mit den dort Arbeitenden sowie computergestützte interaktive Systeme. Die Beachtung ergonomische Grundsätze gilt auch für die Installation, Einstellung, Wartung, Reinigung, Reparatur, Demontage und dem Transport von Arbeitssystemen.
Mit ihrem systembezogenen Ansatz unterstützt diese Internationale Norm den Anwender sowohl in besteh
Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systemes de travail (ISO 6385:2004)
L'ISO 6385:2004 établit les principes ergonomiques fondamentaux qui servent de lignes directrices de base pour la conception des systèmes de travail, et définit les termes de base correspondants. Elle décrit une approche intégrée de la conception des systèmes de travail, selon laquelle les ergonomes coopèrent avec d'autres personnes impliquées dans la conception, en prenant en considération à la fois les exigences humaines, sociales et techniques, de façon équilibrée, durant le processus de conception.
Alors que les principes de l'ISO 6385:2004 sont orientés vers la conception des systèmes de travail, ils sont néanmoins applicables à tout domaine lié à une activité humaine, par exemple dans la conception de produits pour des activités domestiques ou de loisirs.
Ergonomska načela za načrtovanje delovnih sistemov (ISO 6385:2004)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
01-september-2004
(UJRQRPVNDQDþHOD]DQDþUWRYDQMHGHORYQLKVLVWHPRY ,62
Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems (ISO 6385:2004)
Grundsätze der Ergonomie für die Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen (ISO 6385:2004)
Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systemes de travail (ISO 6385:2004)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 6385:2004
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
SIST EN ISO 6385:2004 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 6385
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2004
ICS 13.180 Supersedes ENV 26385:1990
English version
Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems (ISO
6385:2004)
Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systèmes de Grundsätze der Ergonomie für die Gestaltung von
travail (ISO 6385:2004) Arbeitssystemen (ISO 6385:2004)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 January 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 6385:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
EN ISO 6385:2004 (E)
CORRECTED 2004-02-25
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 6385:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
"Ergonomics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 "Ergonomics", the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2004, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2004.
This document supersedes ENV 26385:1990.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 6385:2004 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 6385:2004 without any
modifications.
2
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6385
Second edition
2004-02-01
Ergonomic principles in the design of
work systems
Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systèmes de travail
Reference number
ISO 6385:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
ISO 6385:2004(E)
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ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
ISO 6385:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Terms and definitions. 1
3 Designing work systems. 3
3.1 General principles. 3
3.2 Work system design process . 4
3.3 Formulation of goals (requirements analysis). 4
3.4 Analysis and allocation of functions . 4
3.5 Design concept. 5
3.6 Detailed design. 5
3.7 Realization, implementation and validation . 9
4 Evaluation. 9
Bibliography . 11
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
ISO 6385:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 6385 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 1, Ergonomic
guiding principles.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6385:1981), which has been technically revised.
iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
ISO 6385:2004(E)
Introduction
Technological, economic, organizational and human factors affect the work behaviour and well-being of
people as part of a work system. Applying ergonomic knowledge in the light of practical experience in the
design of a work system is intended to satisfy human requirements.
This International Standard provides a basic ergonomic framework for professionals and other people who
deal with the issues of ergonomics, work systems and working situations. The provisions of this International
Standard will also apply to the design of products, e.g. consumer products.
In the design of work systems in accordance with this International Standard, the body of knowledge in the
field of ergonomics is taken into account. Ergonomic evaluations of existing or new work systems will show
the need for, and encourage attention to, the role of the worker within those systems.
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6385:2004(E)
Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes the fundamental principles of ergonomics as basic guidelines for the
design of work systems and defines relevant basic terms. It describes an integrated approach to the design of
work systems, where ergonomists will cooperate with others involved in the design, with attention to the
human, the social and the technical requirements in a balanced manner during the design process.
Users of this International Standard will include managers; workers (or their representatives); and
professionals such as ergonomists, project managers and designers who are involved in the design or
redesign of work systems. Those who use this International Standard may find a general knowledge of
ergonomics (human factors), engineering, design, quality and project management helpful.
The term “work system” in this International Standard is used to indicate a large variety of working situations.
The intention is to improve, (re)design or change work systems. A work system involves a combination of
people and equipment, within a given space and environment, and the interactions between these
components within a work organization. Work systems vary in complexity and characteristics. Some examples
of work systems are: a machine with a single person; a process plant including its operating and maintenance
personnel; an airfield with users and personnel; an office with its workers; and computer-based interactive
systems. The observance of ergonomic principles applies also to the installation, adjustment, maintenance,
cleaning, repair, removal and transport of work systems.
The systems approach in this International Standard gives guidance to the users of this standard in existing
and new situations.
The definitions and ergonomic guiding principles specified in this International Standard apply to the design of
optimal working conditions with regard to human well-being, safety and health, including the development of
existing skills and the acquisition of new ones, whilst taking into account technological and economic
effectiveness and efficiency.
While the principles in this International Standard are oriented to the design of work systems, they are
applicable to any field of human activity, e.g. in the design of products for domestic and leisure activities.
NOTE This International Standard is considered to be the core ergonomic standard from which many others on
specific issues are derived.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
allocation of functions
process of deciding how system functions shall be implemented, by humans, by equipment and/or hardware
and/or software
2.2
design population
designated group of workers delimited as a percentile range of the general population, defined according to
relevant characteristics, e.g. gender, age, skill level, etc.
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
ISO 6385:2004(E)
2.3
ergonomics
study of human factors
scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among human and other elements of a
system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize
human well-being and overall system performance
2.4
job
organization and sequence in time and space of an individual's work tasks or the combination of all human
performance by one worker within a work system
2.5
system function
broad category of activity performed by a system
2.6
work environment
physical, chemical, biological, organizational, social and cultural factors surrounding a worker
2.7
work equipment
tools, including hardware and software, machines, vehicles, devices, furniture, installations and other
components used in the work system
2.8
worker
operator
person performing one or more tasks within the work system
2.9
work fatigue
mental or physical, local or general non-pathological manifestation of excessive strain, completely reversible
with rest
2.10
work organization
sequence and interaction of work systems fitted together to produce a specific result
2.11
work process
sequence in time and space of the interaction of workers, work equipment, materials, energy and information
within a work system
2.12
workstation
combination and spatial arrangement of work equipment, surrounded by the work environment under the
conditions imposed by the work tasks
2.13
work strain
internal response of the worker to being exposed to work stress depending on his/her individual
characteristics (e.g. size, age, capacities, abilities, skills, etc.)
2.14
work stress
external load
sum of those external conditions and demands in the work system which act to disturb a person's
physiological and/or psychological state
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SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
ISO 6385:2004(E)
2.15
workspace
a volume allocated to one or more persons in the work system to complete the work task
2.16
work system
system comprising one or more workers and work equipment acting together to perform the system function,
in the workspace, in the work environment, under the conditions imposed by the work tasks
2.17
work task
activity or set of activities required by the worker to achieve an intended outcome
3 Designing work systems
3.1 General principles
In the design process, the major interactions between one or more people and the components of the work
system, such as tasks, equipment, workspace and environment, shall be considered.
These interactions create demands on the worker that together constitute the work stress. This work stress
will result in reactions within the worker, depending on her/his individual characteristics (e.g. size, age,
capacities, abilities, skills, etc.) called work strain. Work strain will result in impairing (e.g. work fatigue), or
facilitating effects (e.g. skill development), thus affecting the individual characteristics of the worker in a
feedback loop.
NOTE Work stress and work strain have a neutral interpretation in ergonomics and no negative connotations.
Ergonomic work system design aims at optimizing work strain, avoiding impairing effects and promoting
facilitating effects. Unimpaired human performance at the same time will often improve system effectiveness
and efficiency, thus contributing to another important goal of ergonomic work system design.
Work system design should consider human beings as the main factor and an integral part of the system to be
designed, including the work process as well as the work environment.
Ergonomics shall be used in a preventive function by being employed from the beginning rather than being
used to solve problems after the design of the work system is complete. However, it can be successfully
employed in the redesign of an existing, unsatisfactory work system.
The most important decisions that have consequences in the design are made at the beginning of the design
process. Therefore, ergonomic efforts should be greatest at this stage. Ergonomic contribution to the work
system design shall continue throughout the design process. However, the level of input can vary from being
fundamental and extensive during the analysis of the system needs (“formulation of goals”) to fine-tuning
when the completed system is being implemented (“realization, implementation and validation”). Sufficient
attention shall be given to the application of ergonomic principles until late in the design process in order to
prevent negative effects such as: delays in projects; extra costs for adaptation; a lower design quality; and
worse usability.
Workers shall be involved in and should participate in the design of work systems during the process in an
effective and efficient manner. In work system design, a participatory approach is essential in order to avoid
sub-optimal solutions, because the experience of workers provides an indispensable knowledge base. The
design process shall therefore, wherever possible, involve workers in all stages.
It is recommended to design a work system for a broad range of the design population in order to meet the
needs of workers with various characteristics, including people with special requirements, as far as possible.
Thus the development of special solutions for individuals can be minimized.
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ISO 6385:2004(E)
The work system design process (3.2) can be divided into the following phases:
formulation of goals (requirements analysis) (3.3);
analysis and allocation of functions (3.4);
design concept (3.5);
detailed design (3.6);
realization, implementation and validation (3.7);
evaluation (Clause 4).
These phases will be explained in the relevant clauses or subclauses.
3.2 Work system design process
“Designing” refers to an iterative and structured process of a number of design phases, which results in a new
design or a redesign. A multidisciplinary design team best accomplishes this process. This is relevant for all
phases of the design process. Activities involved in the phases of the design process are analysis, synthesis,
simulation and evaluation.
Each of the many variables is likely to influence others. Decisions concerning, for instance, the allocation of
different functions to people or equipment; the design of any interface; and the training requirements, all
interact to an extent which will make it necessary for the system designer to evaluate alternatives before
reaching the final decision.
This process of evaluating suitable alternatives is likely to be iterative until sufficient information is gathered for
each area. The marshalling and final consideration of the information is then conducted in the following stages
of the design process. It shall be ensured that appropriate methods
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