SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014

Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 411: Evaluation methods for the design of physical input devices (ISO/TS 9241-411:2012)

CEN ISO/TS 9241-411 specifies evaluation methods for the design of physical input devices for interactive systems. It provides guidance for the laboratory assessment of conformance with ISO 9241-410 for keyboards, mice, pucks, joysticks, trackballs, touch pads, tablets/overlays, touch-sensitive screens, and styli/light pens. Its provisions apply only to keyboards identified as “full-size” or “compact” by the manufacturer, but nevertheless could provide useful guidance in the design of other keyboards. It is not applicable to those of the requirements of ISO 9241-410 that relate to gesture- and voice-input systems.

Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 411: Bewertungsverfahren für die Gestaltung von physikalischen Eingabegeräten (ISO/TS 9241-411:2012)

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Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 411: Méthodes d'évaluation de la conception des dispositifs d'entrée physiques (ISO/TS 9241-411:2012)

Ergonomija medsebojnega vpliva človek-sistem - 411. del: Metode vrednotenja za načrtovanje naprav za fizični vnos podatkov (ISO/TS 9241-411:2012)

Standard CEN ISO/TS 9241-411 določa metode vrednotenja za načrtovanje naprav za fizični vnos podatkov za interaktivne sisteme. Zagotavlja smernice za laboratorijsko oceno skladnosti s standardom ISO 9241-410 za tipkovnice, miške, ploščke, igralne palice, sledilne kroglice, sledilne ploščice, tablice in prevleke, zaslone na dotik ter pisala. Njegove določbe se uporabljajo le za tipkovnice, ki jih proizvajalec opredeli kot »polne velikosti« ali »kompaktne«, vendar lahko vseeno zagotovi koristne smernice za načrtovanje drugih tipkovnic. Standard se ne uporablja za naprave v okviru zahtev standarda ISO 9241-410, ki se nanašajo na sisteme z nadzorom s kretnjami in glasovnim nadzorom.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 30-Apr-2014
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2014
• ICS: 13.180 - Ergonomics
• ICS: 35.180 - IT Terminal and other peripheral equipment
• Technical Committee: VSN - Safety of machinery
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 10-Sep-2014
• Due Date: 15-Nov-2014
• Completion Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Ref Project: CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014 - Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 411: Evaluation methods for the design of physical input devices (ISO/TS 9241-411:2012)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014
01-november-2014
(UJRQRPLMDPHGVHERMQHJDYSOLYDþORYHNVLVWHPGHO0HWRGHYUHGQRWHQMD]D
QDþUWRYDQMHQDSUDY]DIL]LþQLYQRVSRGDWNRY,6276
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 411: Evaluation methods for the design
of physical input devices (ISO/TS 9241-411:2012)
Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 411: Bewertungsverfahren für die
Gestaltung von physikalischen Eingabegeräten (ISO/TS 9241-411:2012)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 411: Méthodes d'évaluation de la
conception des dispositifs d'entrée physiques (ISO/TS 9241-411:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
35.180 Terminalska in druga IT Terminal and other
periferna oprema IT peripheral equipment
SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014

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SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN ISO/TS 9241-411

SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE

TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
August 2014
ICS 35.180; 13.180
English Version
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 411: Evaluation
methods for the design of physical input devices (ISO/TS 9241-
411:2012)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 411: Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 411:
Méthodes d'évaluation de la conception des dispositifs Bewertungsverfahren für die Gestaltung von physikalischen
d'entrée physiques (ISO/TS 9241-411:2012) Eingabegeräten (ISO/TS 9241-411:2012)
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 28 June 2014 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2

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CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014 (E)
Foreword
The text of ISO/TS 9241-411:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as
CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is
held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/TS 9241-411:2012 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014 without any
modification.
3

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SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014

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SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 9241-411
First edition
2012-05-01

Ergonomics of human-system
interaction —
Part 411:
Evaluation methods for the design of
physical input devices
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système —
Partie 411: Méthodes d'évaluation de la conception des dispositifs
d'entrée physiques




Reference number
ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012

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SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014
ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT


©  ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56  CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction . viii
1  Scope . 1
2  Normative references . 1
3  Terms and definitions . 2
4  Guiding principles . 7
5  Evaluation methods . 7
5.1  Physical input devices in general . 7
5.2  Keyboards . 10
5.3  Mice . 22
5.4  Pucks . 25
5.5  Joysticks . 28
5.6  Trackballs . 31
5.7  Touchpads . 34
5.8  Tablets and overlays . 37
5.9  Styli and light-pens . 40
5.10  Touch-sensitive screens. 42
6  Conformance . 42
Annex A (informative) Overview of the ISO 9241 series . 43
Annex B (informative) Testing of efficiency and effectiveness . 44
Annex C (informative) Assessment of comfort . 51
Annex D (informative) Usability test for keyboards . 56
Bibliography . 62
Figures
Figure 1 — Side view of example joystick . 3
Figure 2 — Example of light-pen against display . 4
Figure 3 — Top view of example of tablet with graphic overlay . 4
Figure 4 — Top view examples of two types of puck . 5
Figure 5 — Side view of example of stylus over graphics tablet . 5
Figure 6 — Example of top view of trackball device with buttons . 6
Figure 7 — Illustration of flat, concave and convex keytops . 14
Figure 8 — Measurement of keytop width and depth . 14
Figure 9 — Measurement of key displacement . 14
Figure 10 — Relationship between key displacement and key force (ISO 9241-410:2008, Figure B.3) . 15
Figure 11 — Measurement of character height . 15
Figure 12 — Measurement of vertical and horizontal distance between two adjacent keys . 17
Figure 13 — Measurement of slope of keyboard . 18
Figure 14 — Numeric keypad layout . 18
Figure B.1 — Relationship of index of difficulty to time . 47
Figure B.2 — One-direction tapping task . 48
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Figure B.3 — Multi-directional pointing task . 49
Figure B.4 — Tracing task . 50

Tables
Table 1 — Measuring methods on physical input devices in general . 7
Table 2 — Requirements on the generic operability of keyboards . 10
Table 3 — Requirements for functional properties of full-size keyboards . 10
Table 4 — Requirements for sections and zones of full-size keyboards . 16
Table 5 — Requirements for the mechanical design of full-size keyboards . 17
Table 6 — Requirements for maintainability of full-size keyboards . 18
Table 7 — Requirements for documentation of full-size keyboards . 19
Table 8 — Requirements for design of keys of compact keyboards . 19
Table 9 — Requirements for sections and zones of compact keyboards . 20
Table 10 — Requirements for mechanical design of compact keyboards . 20
Table 11 — Requirements for maintainability of compact keyboards . 21
Table 12 — Requirements for documentation of compact keyboards . 22
Table 13 — Mouse design requirements . 22
Table 14 — Design requirements for pucks . 25
Table 15 — Design requirements for joysticks . 28
Table 16 — Design requirements for trackballs . 31
Table 17 — Design requirements for touchpads . 34
Table 18 — Design requirements for tablets and overlays . 37
Table 19 — Design requirements for styli and light-pens . 40
Table 20 — Design requirements for touch-sensitive screens . 42
Table A.1 — Structure of ISO 9241 — Ergonomics of human–system interaction . 43
Table B.1 — Task and condition variations . 45
Table C.1 — Independent rating scale . 52
Table C.2 — Dependent rating scale . 53
Table C.3 — Borg scale . 54
Table C.4 — Borg scale for arm, shoulder, and neck effort . 54
Table D.1 — Reflectance of surfaces . 58
Table D.2 — Independent rating scale . 60
Table D.3 — Example of material for data entry (English language) . 61

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ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of document:
 an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
 an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 9241-411 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4,
Ergonomics of human-system interaction.
This first edition of ISO/TS 9241-411, together with ISO 9241-400, ISO 9241-410 and ISO 9241-420, cancels
and replaces ISO 9241-4 and ISO 9241-9, technically revised as follows:
 terms and definitions from ISO 9241-4 and ISO 9241-9 have been transferred to ISO 9241-400;
 guiding principles, collected in ISO 9241-400, have been incorporated and unified so that they correspond
to the scope of the new ISO 9241 series;
 test methods taken from ISO 9241-4 and ISO 9241-9 have been reviewed and amended and new test
methods introduced and collected in annexes for greater convenience.
ISO/TS 9241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic requirements for office work
with visual display terminals (VDTs):
 Part 1: General introduction
 Part 2: Guidance on task requirements
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 Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements
 Part 6: Guidance on the work environment
 Part 11: Guidance on usability
 Part 12: Presentation of information
 Part 13: User guidance
 Part 14: Menu dialogues
 Part 15: Command dialogues
 Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues
 Part 17: Form filling dialogues
ISO 9241 also consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics of human-system interaction:
 Part 20: Accessibility guidelines for information/communication technology (ICT) equipment and services
 Part 100: Introduction to standards related to software ergonomics [Technical Report]
 Part 110: Dialogue principles
 Part 129: Guidance on software individualization
 Part 143: Forms
 Part 151: Guidance on World Wide Web user interfaces
 Part 154: Interactive voice response (IVR) applications
 Part 171: Guidance on software accessibility
 Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems
 Part 300: Introduction to electronic visual display requirements
 Part 302: Terminology for electronic visual displays
 Part 303: Requirements for electronic visual displays
 Part 304: User performance test methods for electronic visual displays
 Part 305: Optical laboratory test methods for electronic visual displays
 Part 306: Field assessment methods for electronic visual displays
 Part 307: Analysis and compliance test methods for electronic visual displays
 Part 308: Surface-conduction electron-emitter displays (SED) [Technical Report]
 Part 309: Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays [Technical Report]
 Part 310: Visibility, aesthetics and ergonomics of pixel defects [Technical Report]
 Part 331: Optical characteristics of autosterescopic displays [Technical Report]
 Part 400: Principles and requirements for physical input devices
 Part 410: Design criteria for physical input devices
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 Part 411: Evaluation methods for the design of physical input devices [Technical Specification]
 Part 420: Selection of physical input devices
 Part 910: Framework for tactile and haptic interaction
 Part 920: Guidance on tactile and haptic interactions
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 391: Requirements, analysis and compliance test methods for the reduction of photosensitive
seizures
User-interface elements, ergonomic requirements for the reduction of visual fatigue from stereoscopic images,
and the evaluation of tactile and haptic interactions are to form the subjects of future parts 161, 392 and 940.
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Introduction
Input devices are a means for users to enter data into interactive systems. Generally speaking, an input
device is a sensor that can detect changes in user behaviour (gestures, moving fingers, etc.) and transform
them into signals to be interpreted by the interactive system.
This part of ISO 9241 presents methods for the laboratory analysis and comparison of input devices for
interactive systems. It does not contain requirements for input devices, but provides the means for evaluating
conformance with the requirements of ISO 9241-410 for input devices such as keyboards, mice, pucks,
joysticks, trackballs, touch pads, tablets/overlays, touch-sensitive screens, and styli/light pens.
The target users of this part of ISO 9241 are manufacturers, product designers and test organizations
concerned with commercial input devices such as the physical input devices listed above.

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Ergonomics of human-system interaction —
Part 411:
Evaluation methods for the design of physical input devices
1 Scope
This part of ISO 9241 specifies evaluation methods for the design of physical input devices for interactive
systems. It provides guidance for the laboratory assessment of conformance with ISO 9241-410 for
keyboards, mice, pucks, joysticks, trackballs, touch pads, tablets/overlays, touch-sensitive screens, and
styli/light pens. Its provisions apply only to keyboards identified as “full-size” or “compact” by the manufacturer,
but nevertheless could provide useful guidance in the design of other keyboards. It is not applicable to those
of the requirements of ISO 9241-410 that relate to gesture- and voice-input systems.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
1)
ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment ― Index and synopsis
ISO 9241-5, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) ― Part 5:
Workstation layout and postural requirements
ISO 9241-307, Ergonomics of human-system interaction ― Part 307: Analysis and compliance test methods
for electronic visual displays
ISO 9241-410:2008, Ergonomics of human-system interaction ― Part 410: Design criteria for physical input
devices
ISO/IEC 9995-1, Information technology ― Keyboard layouts for text and office systems ― Part 1: General
principles governing keyboard layouts
1)
IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment

1) The database on Graphical Symbols for Use on Equipment contains the complete set of graphical symbols included in
ISO 7000 and IEC 60417: http://www.graphical-symbols.info/
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9241-400 and ISO 9241-410 and
the following apply.
3.1
category
part of a system into which properties of entities can be arranged
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-410:2008; 3.2]
3.2
class
category of a property of a product with rank order
NOTE 1 Class 1 is the most, and class n the least, favourable category of a specific property of a product, where n is
the number of classes.
NOTE 2 An example of a property is durability of the legends of a key. If a key belongs to the highest class, it will fulfil
all requirements for the lower categories.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-410:2008; 3.3]
3.3
compact keyboard
keyboard that features most properties of a full-size keyboard, with the editing section integrated into the
alphanumeric section
NOTE 1 A compact keyboard has no numeric section separate from the alpha keys.
NOTE 2 Compact is a term used to describe a keyboard that allows a mouse or other pointing device to be positioned
closer to the user as described in 9241-410, B.2.1.1. Some keyboards, for example keyboards with small dimensions as
used on portable devices, are neither full-size nor compact keyboards.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-410:2008, 3.4, modified — Note 1 has been changed and Note 2 added.]
3.4
full-size keyboard
keyboard that comprises all sections and zones as described in ISO/IEC 9995-1
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-410:2008, 3.6]
3.5
housing
protective cover designed to contain or support a mechanical component
NOTE An input device is either integrated into its own housing or into another unit that comprises other functional
units (e.g. control desk, control panel, telephone).
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-410:2008, 3.11]
3.6
index of difficulty
I
D
measure of the user precision required in a task
NOTE The index of difficulty, I , is measured in bits, and is calculated for selection, pointing, or dragging tasks by
D
dw
I  log
D2
w

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ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E)
and, for tracing tasks, by
d
I 
D
w

where
d is the distance of movement to the target;
w is the target width of the displayed target along the approach axis for selection, pointing or dragging tasks, and
perpendicular for tracing tasks.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-410:2008; 3.12]
3.7
input device
user controlled device that transmits information to a system
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-400:2007; 3.6.3]
3.8
joystick
lever mounted in a fixed base used to control the movement of objects displayed on a screen
SEE: Figure 1.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-400:2007; 3.6.4]

Figure 1 — Side view of example joystick
3.9
keypad
functional unit that comprises at least a group of keys dedicated and arranged for a given functionality and
possibly additional keys supporting related functionality
EXAMPLE Numeric keys, “Enter” key of keypad.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-410:2008; 3.14]
3.10
light-pen
light sensitive input device that, when pointed onto a specific location on a display, identifies its position to the
system
SEE: Figure 2.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-400:2007; 3.6.10]
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Figure 2 — Example of light-pen against display
3.11
mouse
computer input device having one or more buttons and capable of two dimensional rolling motion which can
drive a cursor on the display and performs a variety of selection options or commands
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-400:2007; 3.6.11]
3.12
neutral posture
posture which avoids the extremes of a joint’s range of motion or that is not near the end of the range of
motion for the particular joint
3.13
overlay
thin template on the surface of a tablet used to indicate the graphic functions available to the user
SEE: Figure 3.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-400:2007; 3.6.13]

Key
1 graphic overlay
Figure 3 — Top view of example of tablet wi
...