SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-22: Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated emission and immunity measurements in fully anechoic rooms (FARs)

This part of IEC 61000 considers immunity tests and emission measurements for electric and/or  electronic equipment. Only radiated phenomena are considered. It establishes the required test procedures for using fully anechoic rooms for performing radiated immunity testing and radiated emission measurements.
NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107 [1], IEC 61000-4-22 is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC standards. TC 77 and CISPR and their sub-committees are prepared to cooperate with product committees in the determination of the value of particular EMC tests for specific products.
This part establishes a common validation procedure, equipment under test (EUT) set-up requirements, and measurement methods for fully anechoic rooms (FARs) when both radiated electromagnetic emission measurements and radiated electromagnetic immunity tests will be performed in the same FAR.
As a basic measurement standard, this part of IEC 61000 does not intend to specify the test levels or emission limits to be applied to particular apparatus or system(s). Its main goal is to provide general measurement procedures to all concerned product committees of IEC or CISPR. Specific product requirements and test conditions are defined by the responsible product committees.
The methods described in this standard are appropriate for radiated emission measurements and immunity tests in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 18 GHz.

Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (EMV) - Teil 4-22: Prüf- und Messverfahren - Messungen der gestrahlten Störaussendung und Prüfungen der Störfestigkeit gegen gestrahlte Störgrößen in Vollabsorberräumen (FAR)

Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) - Partie 4-22: Techniques d'essai et de mesure - Mesures de l'immunité et des émissions rayonnées dans des enceintes complètement anéchoïques (FAR)

La CEI 61000-4-22:2010 couvre les essais d'immunité et les mesures d'émissions d'équipements électriques et/ou électroniques. Seuls les phénomènes rayonnés sont pris en compte. Elle définit les procédures d'essai requises pour l'utilisation d'enceintes complètement anéchoïques de mesure de l'immunité aux rayonnements et des émissions rayonnées. La CEI 61000-4-22:2010 établit une procédure de validation commune, les exigences de montage du matériel en essai (EUT) ainsi que les méthodes de mesure pour les enceintes complètement anéchoïques (FAR) lorsque les émissions électromagnétiques rayonnées et l'évaluation de l'immunité électromagnétique rayonnée sont mesurées dans la même enceinte FAR. En tant que norme de mesure de base, la présente partie de la CEI 61000 n'a pas pour but de spécifier les niveaux d'essai ou des limites d'émission à appliquer à un matériel ou système(s) particulier(s). Son principal objectif est de fournir des procédures de mesure d'ordre général à l'ensemble des comités de produits concernés de la CEI ou du CISPR. Les exigences et conditions d'essai applicables à un produit spécifique relèvent de la responsabilité des comités de produits concernés. Les méthodes décrites dans la présente norme permettent de mesurer les émissions rayonnées et l'immunité dans la gamme de fréquences de 30 MHz à 18 GHz. La CEI 61000-4-22:2010 a le statut de publication fondamentale en CEM conformément au Guide 107 de la CEI, Compatibilité électromagnétique - Guide pour les projets de publications en compatibilité électromagnétique.

Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) - 4-22. del: Preskusne in merilne tehnike - Merjenje oddajanja in odpornosti v popolnoma neodbojnih sobah (FAR) (IEC 61000-4-22:2010)

Ta del IEC 61000 upošteva preskuse odpornosti in merjenje emisij za električno in/ali elektronsko opremo. Upoštevani so samo pojavi sevanja. Vzpostavlja potrebne preskusne postopke za uporabo popolnoma neodbojnih sob za opravljanje preskusov odpornosti proti oddajanju in meritve oddajanja.
OPOMBA: V skladu z Vodilom IEC 107 [1] je CISPR 61000-4-22 osnovna objava EMC, ki jo uporabljajo odbori za proizvode IEC. Kot je navedeno v Vodilu 107, so odbori za proizvode odgovorni za določevanje uporabe teh standardov EMC. TC 77 in CISPR ter njuni pododbori so pripravljeni sodelovati z odbori za proizvode pri določevanju vrednosti posameznih preskusov EMC za nekatere proizvode.
Ta del uvaja splošen postopek za potrditev, opremo pod preskusnimi vzpostavljenimi zahtevami (EUT) in metode za merjenje za popolnoma neodbojne sobe (FAR), ko bodo meritve za elektromagnetno oddajanje in preskusi odpornosti proti elektromagnetnemu oddajanju opravljene v isti FAR.
Ta del IEC 61000 kot osnovni standard merjenja ni namenjen določitvi preskusne stopnje mej oddajanja, ki veljajo za določen aparat ali sisteme. Njegov glavni cilj je zagotoviti splošne postopke merjenja za vse zadevne odbore za proizvode IEC ali CISPR. Odgovorni odbori za proizvode so opredelili nekatere zahteve proizvodov in pogoje preskusov.
Metode, opisane v tem standardu, so ustrezne za merjenje oddajanja in preskuse odpornosti v frekvenčnem razponu od 30 MHz do 18 GHz.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-May-2011
• ICS: 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general
• Technical Committee: EMC - Electromagnetic compatibility
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 07-Apr-2011
• Due Date: 12-Jun-2011
• Completion Date: 12-May-2011
• Directive: 2004/108/EU - DIRECTIVE 2004/108/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 December 2004 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility and repealing Directive 89/336/EEC
• Ref Project: EN 61000-4-22:2011 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-22: Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated emission and immunity measurements in fully anechoic rooms (FARs)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011
01-junij-2011
Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) - 4-22. del: Preskusne in merilne tehnike -
Merjenje oddajanja in odpornosti v popolnoma neodbojnih sobah (FAR) (IEC 61000
-4-22:2010)
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-22: Testing and measurement techniques -
Radiated emission and immunity measurements in fully anechoic rooms (FARs)
Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (EMV) - Teil 4-22: Prüf- und Messverfahren -
Messungen der gestrahlten Störaussendung und Prüfungen der Störfestigkeit gegen
gestrahlte Störgrößen in Vollabsorberräumen (FAR)
Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) - Partie 4-22: Techniques d'essai et de mesure -
Mesures de l'immunité et des émissions rayonnées dans des enceintes complètement
anéchoïques (FAR)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61000-4-22:2011
ICS:
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 61000-4-22

NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2011
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20


English version


Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -
Part 4-22: Testing and measurement techniques -
Radiated emission and immunity measurements in fully anechoic rooms
(FARs)
(IEC 61000-4-22:2010)


Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) - Elektromagnetische
Partie 4-22: Techniques d'essai et de Verträglichkeit (EMV) -
mesure - Teil 4-22: Prüf- und Messverfahren -
Mesures de l'immunité et des émissions Messungen der gestrahlten
rayonnées dans des enceintes Störaussendung und Prüfungen der
complètement anéchoïques (FAR) Störfestigkeit gegen gestrahlte Störgrößen
(CEI 61000-4-22:2010) in Vollabsorberräumen (FAR)
(IEC 61000-4-22:2010)




This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2011-02-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels


© 2011 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61000-4-22:2011 E

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011
EN 61000-4-22:2011 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document CISPR/A/912/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61000-4-22, prepared by CISPR SC A,
Radio-interference measurements and statistical methods, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel
vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61000-4-22 on 2011-02-01.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
(dop) 2011-11-01
national standard or by endorsement
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
(dow) 2014-02-01
with the EN have to be withdrawn
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61000-4-22:2010 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated:
[2] IEC 61000-4-3:2006 + A1:2007 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 61000-4-3:2006 + A1:2008 (not modified).
__________

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011
- 3 - EN 61000-4-22:2011
Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

CISPR 16-1-1 2010 Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-1-1 2010
immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus


CISPR 16-1-4 2010 Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-1-4 2010
immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites
for radiated disturbance measurements


IEC 60050-161 1990 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility


IEC 60050-394 2007 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Part 394: Nuclear instrumentation -
Instruments, systems, equipment and detectors

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011
IEC 61000-4-22
®
Edition 1.0 2010-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 4-22: Testing and measurement techniques – Radiated emissions and
immunity measurements in fully anechoic rooms (FARs)

Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) –
Partie 4-22: Techniques d'essai et de mesure – Mesures de l'immunité et des
émissions rayonnées dans des enceintes complètement anéchoïques (FAR)

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XA
CODE PRIX
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-88912-229-5
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011
– 2 – 61000-4-22 © IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
INTRODUCTION.6
1 Scope.8
2 Normative references .8
3 Terms and definitions .9
4 FAR applications .10
4.1 Measurand for radiated immunity testing .10
4.2 Measurand for radiated emission measurements .11
5 FAR validation/calibration procedure .11
5.1 General .11
5.2 Validation set-ups.11
5.3 Test facility description.15
5.3.1 General .15
5.3.2 Test volume.15
5.3.3 Broadband antenna .15
5.3.4 Antenna cables.15
5.3.5 Set-up table.15
5.3.6 Turntable.16
5.3.7 Automated antenna polarization changer .16
5.3.8 Absorber configuration .16
5.4 Definition of quantities to be determined by the FAR validation procedure.16
5.5 Required sampling positions for FAR validation.17
5.6 FAR validation procedure .18
5.6.1 General .18
5.6.2 Type 1 validation set-up .18
5.6.3 Type 2 validation set-up .19
5.6.4 Type 3 validation set-up .19
5.6.5 Type 4 validation set-up .20
5.6.6 Calculation of C and s for all set-up types .20
dB
dB
,C
5.7 Validation requirement .20
6 Test set-up .21
Annex A (normative) Radiated immunity tests .26
Annex B (normative) Radiated emission measurements.31
Annex C (informative) Background on the system transducer factor and simultaneous
emissions/immunity validation method .34
Annex D (informative) Measurement uncertainties .37
Bibliography.50

Figure 1 – Type 1 validation block diagramme .12
Figure 2 – Type 2 validation block diagramme .12
Figure 3 – Type 3 validation block diagramme .13
Figure 4 – Type 4 validation block diagramme .13
Figure 5 – Locations of the sampling points for FAR validation .18
Figure 6 – Example test set-up for table-top equipment .23

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011
61000-4-22 © IEC:2010 – 3 –
Figure 7 – Example test set-up for table-top equipment, top view.24
Figure 8 – Example test set-up for floor-standing equipment.24
Figure 9 – Example test set-up for floor-standing equipment, top view .25
Figure A.1 – Definition of d for immunity tests .28
measurement
Figure B.1 – Definition of d for emission measurements.32
measurement
Figure D.1 – Example of influence factors for emission measurements .37
Figure D.2 – Example of influences upon the immunity test method .44

Table 1 – Components required for the different validation set-up types .15
Table 2 – Validation criteria .21
Table D.1 – Measurement instrumentation uncertainty in a FAR for radiated emission
measurements in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz.38
Table D.2 – Measurement instrumentation uncertainty in a FAR for radiated emission
measurements in the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz .39
Table D.3 – Measurement instrumentation uncertainty in a FAR for level setting for
immunity testing in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz .45
Table D.4 – Measurement instrumentation uncertainty in a FAR for level setting for
immunity testing in the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz .46

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011
– 4 – 61000-4-22 © IEC:2010
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
____________

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 4-22: Testing and measurement techniques –
Radiated emissions and immunity measurements
in fully anechoic rooms (FARs)


FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61000-4-22 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio
interference measurements and statistical methods, in cooperation with subcommittee 77B:
High frequency phenomena, of IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic compatibility.
This standard has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107,
Electromagnetic compatibility – Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility
publications.

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011
61000-4-22 © IEC:2010 – 5 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
CISPR/A/912/FDIS CISPR/A/923/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 61000 series can be found on the IEC website under the general
title Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), and of all parts of the CISPR 16 series under the
general title Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011
– 6 – 61000-4-22 © IEC:2010
INTRODUCTION
This standard is part of the IEC 61000 series of standards, according to the following
structure:
Part 1: General
General considerations (introduction, fundamental principles)
Definitions, terminology
Part 2: Environment
Description of the environment
Classification of the environment
Compatibility levels
Part 3: Limits
Emission limits
Immunity limits (in so far as they do not fall under the responsibility of the product
committees)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Measurement techniques
Testing techniques
Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines
Installation guidelines
Mitigation methods and devices
Part 6: Test set-up
Part 9: Miscellaneous
Each part is further subdivided into several parts, published either as international standards,
as technical specifications or technical reports, some of which have already been published
as sections. Others will be published with the part number followed by a dash and a second
number identifying the subdivision (example: IEC 61000-6-1).
This part is an international standard that establishes the required test procedures for using
fully anechoic rooms for performing radiated immunity testing and radiated emission
measurements.
The main text of this standard provides all information that is common to both radiated
emission measurements and immunity tests in a FAR (fully anechoic room). This includes the
description of a FAR, a common set-up for equipment under test (EUT), and a harmonized
validation/calibration procedure. The test methods described in this standard are based on the
harmonized validation/calibration which verifies a FAR as a measurement system, including
the room, antenna and associated cables simultaneously. The validation procedure
determines a combined transducer factor for a FAR measurement system that is later applied
to both emission measurements and immunity tests. If different sets of antennas and/or
cables are used for emission measurements and immunity tests the validation/calibration
process is performed twice.
Annex A (normative) provides the measurement procedure and any special considerations for
performing radiated immunity tests.
Annex B (normative) provides the measurement procedure and any special considerations for
performing radiated emission measurements.

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011
61000-4-22 © IEC:2010 – 7 –
Annex C (informative) provides background on the system transducer factor and simultaneous
emissions/immunity validation method.
Annex D (informative) provides guidance for calculation of the uncertainty of measurement
results obtained using a FAR and instrumentation in accordance with
)
1
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 [4] .


___________
)
1
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011
– 8 – 61000-4-22 © IEC:2010
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 4-22: Testing and measurement techniques –
Radiated emissions and immunity measurements
in fully anechoic rooms (FARs)



1 Scope
This part of IEC 61000 considers immunity tests and emission measurements for electric
and/or electronic equipment. Only radiated phenomena are considered. It establishes the
required test procedures for using fully anechoic rooms for performing radiated immunity
testing and radiated emission measurements.
NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107 [1], IEC 61000-4-22 is a basic EMC publication for use by product
committees of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the
applicability of the EMC standards. TC 77 and CISPR and their sub-committees are prepared to cooperate with
product committees in the determination of the value of particular EMC tests for specific products.
This part establishes a common validation procedure, equipment under test (EUT) set-up
requirements, and measurement methods for fully anechoic rooms (FARs) when both radiated
electromagnetic emission measurements and radiated electromagnetic immunity tests will be
performed in the same FAR.
As a basic measurement standard, this part of IEC 61000 does not intend to specify the test
levels or emission limits to be applied to particular apparatus or system(s). Its main goal is to
provide general measurement procedures to all concerned product committees of IEC or
CISPR. Specific product requirements and test conditions are defined by the responsible
product committees.
The methods described in this standard are appropriate for radiated emission measurements
and immunity tests in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 18 GHz.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CISPR 16-1-1:2010, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus
CISPR 16-1-4:2010, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment – Radiated disturbances
IEC 60050-161:1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 161:
Electromagnetic compatibility
IEC 60050-394:2007, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 394: Nuclear
instrumentation – Instruments, systems, equipment and detectors

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011
61000-4-22 © IEC:2010 – 9 –
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in IEC 60050-161, as well as the
following, apply.
3.1
ancillary equipment
transducers (e.g. current and voltage probes and artificial networks) connected to a
measuring receiver or (test) signal generator and used in the disturbance signal transfer
between the EUT and the measuring or test equipment
3.2
associated equipment
AE
apparatus that is not part of the system under test, but needed to help exercise the EUT
3.3
average system transducer factor
C
dB
factor that converts a voltage at the system source/receive termination point to field strength
induced or received; this parameter is calculated from the FAR validation data separately for
horizontal and vertical polarization
NOTE Average system transducer factor is expressed in dB(1/m).
3.4
calibration
set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values of
quantities indicated by a measuring instrument or measuring system, or values represented
by a material measure or a reference material, and the corresponding values realized by
standards
[IEC 60050-394, 394-40-43]
3.5
forward power
P
f,x
power to a FAR test system, recorded during the measurement of the field at a single
position, x, in the test volume
NOTE Forward power is expressed in watts (W).
3.6
fully anechoic room
FAR
shielded enclosure, the entire internal surface of which is lined with radio-frequency absorbing
material (RF-absorber), which absorbs electromagnetic energy in the frequency range of
interest
3.7
fully anechoic room test system
FAR test system
test system comprised of a FAR and a means to generate and/or measure electromagnetic
fields
NOTE Most typically this is comprised of a FAR, an antenna and other ancillary equipment and cabling.

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011
– 10 – 61000-4-22 © IEC:2010
3.8
measurement distance
d
measurement
distance used for EUT measurement/testing and measured from the reference point of the
transmit/receive antenna to the periphery of the EUT at its closest point on the measurement
axis
NOTE Measurement distance is expressed in metres (m) and is illustrated in Figures A.1 and B.1.
3.9
normalized forward power
P
fn,x
forward power required to generate an electric field strength of 1 V/m at a position, x, in the
test volume
NOTE Normalized forward power is expressed in watts (W).
3.10
polarization
orientation of the electric field vector of a linearly polarized radiated field
3.11
reference distance
d
reference
distance at which a limit is specified
3.12
test volume
maximum volume in a FAR in which the EUT and its cabling may be positioned
NOTE See Clause 6 for additional details.
3.13
validation
process of confirming that a finalized instrumentation and control system (hardware and
software) complies with all of its functional, performance and interface requirements
[IEC 60050-394, 394-40-42]
3.14
validation distance
d
validation
distance used for validation/calibration measurements and measured from the reference point
of the transmit/receive antenna to the test volume at its closest point on the measurement
axis
4 FAR applications
4.1 Measurand for radiated immunity testing
Most electronic equipment is, in some manner, affected by electromagnetic radiation. This
radiation is frequently generated by such general-purpose sources as the small handheld
radio transceivers that are used by operating, maintenance and security personnel, fixed-
station radio and television transmitters, vehicle radio transmitters, and various industrial
electromagnetic sources.
In the frequency range covered by this standard, far-field conditions cannot be established in
all cases (e.g. at the lower frequencies), and therefore the disturbance quantity simulating the
real electromagnetic phenomenon is defined by the quantity “electrical field strength” in this
standard.

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SIST EN 61000-4-22:2011
61000-4-22 © IEC:2010 – 11 –
The measurand to establish the desired disturbance quantity for immunity tests is the electric
field strength (carrier) established by using the average system transducer factor C at
dB
d . The measurand is obtained separately for the horizontal and vertical
measurement
polarizations.
4.2 Measurand for radiated emission measurements
The measurand in a FAR for radiated emission measurements is the field strength radiate
...