SIST-TP CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-07:2021

Space Engineering - Thermal design handbook - Part 7: Insulations

There are 3 main categories of insulators used in spacecrafts:
1. foams: organic and inorganic;
2. fibrous insulations: for internal and external insulation and for high temperature environments
3. multilayer insulations (MLI): layers of radiation reflecting shields.
Properties, thermal behaviour and application areas of the insulation materials used in spacecrafts are detailed in this Part 7.
The Thermal design handbook is published in 16 Parts
TR 17603-31-01 Part 1
Thermal design handbook – Part 1: View factors
TR 17603-31-01 Part 2
Thermal design handbook – Part 2: Holes, Grooves and Cavities
TR 17603-31-01 Part 3
Thermal design handbook – Part 3: Spacecraft Surface Temperature
TR 17603-31-01 Part 4
Thermal design handbook – Part 4: Conductive Heat Transfer
TR 17603-31-01 Part 5
Thermal design handbook – Part 5: Structural Materials: Metallic and Composite
TR 17603-31-01 Part 6
Thermal design handbook – Part 6: Thermal Control Surfaces
TR 17603-31-01 Part 7
Thermal design handbook – Part 7: Insulations
TR 17603-31-01 Part 8
Thermal design handbook – Part 8: Heat Pipes
TR 17603-31-01 Part 9
Thermal design handbook – Part 9: Radiators
TR 17603-31-01 Part 10
Thermal design handbook – Part 10: Phase – Change Capacitors
TR 17603-31-01 Part 11
Thermal design handbook – Part 11: Electrical Heating
TR 17603-31-01 Part 12
Thermal design handbook – Part 12: Louvers
TR 17603-31-01 Part 13
Thermal design handbook – Part 13: Fluid Loops
TR 17603-31-01 Part 14
Thermal design handbook – Part 14: Cryogenic Cooling
TR 17603-31-01 Part 15
Thermal design handbook – Part 15: Existing Satellites
TR 17603-31-01 Part 16
Thermal design handbook – Part 16: Thermal Protection System

Raumfahrttechnik - Handbuch für thermisches Design - Teil 7: Isolationen

Ingénierie spatiale - Manuel de conception thermique - Partie 7: Isolations

Vesoljska tehnika - Priročnik o toplotni zasnovi - 7. del: Izolacija

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 19-May-2021
• Publication Date: 19-Aug-2021
• ICS: 49.140 - Space systems and operations
• Technical Committee: I13 - Imaginarni 13
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 16-Aug-2021
• Due Date: 21-Oct-2021
• Completion Date: 20-Aug-2021
• Mandate: M/496 - Mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI to develop standardisation regarding space industry (Phase 3 of the process)
• Ref Project: CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-07:2021 - Space Engineering - Thermal design handbook - Part 7: Insulations

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2021
Vesoljska tehnika - Priročnik o toplotni zasnovi - 7. del: Izolacija
Space Engineering - Thermal design handbook - Part 7: Insulations
Raumfahrttechnik - Handbuch für thermisches Design - Teil 7: Isolationen
Ingénierie spatiale - Manuel de conception thermique - Partie 7: Isolations
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-07:2021
ICS:
49.140 Vesoljski sistemi in operacije Space systems and
operations
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
August 2021
ICS 49.140
English version
Space Engineering - Thermal design handbook - Part 7:
Insulations
Ingénierie spatiale - Manuel de conception thermique - Raumfahrttechnik - Handbuch für thermisches Design -
Partie 7 : Isolations Teil 7: Isolationen

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 21 June 2021. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/CLC/JTC 5.

CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means Ref. No. CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-07:2021 E
reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
Table of contents
European Foreword . 14
1 Scope . 15
2 References . 16
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 17
3.1 Terms and definitions . 17
3.2 Abbreviated terms. 17
3.3 Symbols . 17
4 Foams . 22
4.1 General . 22
4.2 Inorganic foams . 25
4.3 Organic foams . 31
4.3.2 Thermal properties of organic foams . 32
4.3.3 Mechanical properties of organic foams . 35
4.3.4 Data on commercially available foams . 53
5 Fibrous insulations . 64
5.1 General . 64
5.2 Bulks. 66
5.3 Blankets and felts . 77
5.4 Papers . 102
6 Multilayer insulations . 108
6.1 General . 108
6.1.1 Fundamental concepts concerning MLI performance . 109
6.1.2 Failure modes . 111
6.1.3 Heat transfer through an MLI . 111
6.1.4 Cost . 118
6.2 Radiation shields . 118
6.2.1 Aluminium foils and aluminium coated plastic films . 118
6.2.2 Gold foils and gold coated plastic films . 119
6.2.3 Silver coated plastic films . 119
6.2.4 Operating temperature ranges . 119
6.2.5 Normally used plastic films . 120
6.3 Emittance of metallic foils . 120
6.4 Emittance of metallized films . 135
6.5 Absorptance of metallic foils . 148
6.6 Radiation shields. miscellaneous properties . 165
6.7 Radiation shields. measurement of the coating thickness . 180
6.8 Spacers . 183
6.8.1 Multiple-resistance spacers . 184
6.8.2 Point-contact spacers . 184
6.8.3 Superfloc . 184
6.8.4 Single-component MLI . 185
6.8.5 Composite spacers . 185
6.8.6 One-dimensional heat flow through an mli with absorbing and
scattering spacers . 187
6.9 Spacers. miscellaneous properties . 189
6.10 Complete systems . 208
6.11 Normal heat transfer . 209
6.12 Lateral heat transfer . 251
6.13 Effect of singularities . 257
6.13.1 Joints . 257
6.13.2 Stitches and patches . 269
6.14 Effect of evacuating holes . 272
6.15 Effect of mechanical damage . 276
6.16 Effect of inner gas pressure . 277
6.17 Evacuation . 285
6.17.1 Interstitial pressure during rapid evacuation . 285
6.17.2 Interstitial pressure in outgas controlled situations . 292
6.17.3 Self-pumping multilayer insulations . 301
Bibliography . 319

Figures
Figure 4-1: Resin thermal conductivity . 23
Figure 4-2 : Gas thermal conductivity . 23
Figure 4-3: Radiation thermal conductivity . 24
Figure 4-4: Thermal conductivity, k, of several ceramic foams as a function of
arithmetic mean temperature, T . . 26
m
Figure 4-5: Linear thermal expansion, ∆L/L, of several ceramic foams as a function of
temperature, T. 27
Figure 4-6: Temperature evolution of the hot and cold faces of several pieces of Zircon
foam. Solid line: T , hot face. Dashed line: T , cold face. . 28
H C
Figure 4-7: Thermal conductivity k, of polyurethane foams vs. arithmetic mean
temperature, T . . 32
m
Figure 4-8: Thermal conductivity, k, of cryopumped polystyrene foams. . 33
Figure 4-9: Thermal conductivity, k, vs. arithmetic mean temperature, T , of a
m
polyurethane foam in the proximity of the condensation temperature of the
filling gas. . 34
Figure 4-10: Linear thermal expansion, ∆L/L, of several organic foams as a function of
temperature, T. 35
Figure 4-11: Ultimate tensile strength, of several foams as a function of temperature, T. . 36
Figure 4-12: Ultimate shear strength, τ , of several foams as a function of temperature,
ult
T. 37
Figure 4-13: Tensile stress, σ, vs. strain, δ, for several polyurethane foams at 76, 195
and 300 K. . 46
Figure 4-14: Modulus of Elasticity-tensile-E, as a function of density, ρ, for several
organic foams. 46
Figure 4-15: Ultimate tensile strength, σ , as a function of density, ρ, for several
ult
organic foams. 47
Figure 4-16: Compressive stress, s, vs, strain, d, for several organic foams at 76, 195
and 300 K. . 47
Figure 4-17: Modulus of Elasticity-tensile-E, as a function of density, ρ, for several
organic foams. 48
Figure 4-18: Proportional limit-compressive-σ, as a function of density, ρ, for several
organic foams. 49
Figure 4-19: Ultimate tensile strength, σ , and Modulus of Elasticity-tensile-E, as
ult
functions of temperature, T. 50
Figure 4-20: Ultimate compressive strength, σ , and Modulus of Elasticity-
ult
compressive-E, as functions of temperature, T. 51
Figure 4-21: Ultimate compressive strength, σ , as a function of temperature, T. . 52
ult
Figure 4-22: Ultimate block shear strength, τ , and Modulus of Elasticity-shear block-E,
ult
as functions of temperature, T. . 53
Figure 4-23: Strain, δ, vs. compressive stress, σ, of Fiberfill Structural Foams. . 62
Figure 4-24: Dielectric constant, ε , and dissipation factor, D, vs. frequency, f. Stycast
r
1090. . 62
Figure 5-1: Thermal conductivity, k, vs. mean temperature, T , for several fibrous
m
insulations. From Glasser et al. (1967) [23]. . 65
Figure 5-2: Thermal conductivity, k, of B & W Kaowool bulk vs. mean temperature, Tm. . 74
Figure 5-3: Thermal conductivity, k, of Carborundum Fiberfrax bulk and washed fibers
vs. mean temperature, Tm. . 74
Figure 5-4: Temperature differential, T −T , vs. mean temperature of the hot face, T , . 75
H C H
Figure 5-5: Temperature differential, TH−TC, vs. mean temperature of the hot face, TH, . 75
Figure 5-6: Temperature differential, T −T , vs. mean temperature of the hot face, T , . 76
H C H
Figure 5-7: Temperature differential, T −T , vs. mean temperature of the hot face, T
H C H
for different values of the insulation thickness, t. Fiberfrax washed fiber, ρ =
−3
96 kg.m . . 76
Figure 5-8: Sound ab
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