SIST-TS CEN/TS 15883:2009
(Main)Residential solid fuel burning appliances - Emission test methods
Residential solid fuel burning appliances - Emission test methods
This European Technical Specification is applicable to residential heating and cooking appliances burning solid fuels and details methods for the measurements of NOx, and OGC/total hydrocarbons emissions and particulate and dust produced by these appliances and is to be used in conjunction with the test methods given in the European Standards covering these appliances.
This European Technical Specification covers the NOx, and OGC/total hydrocarbons emission test methods, however it does not cover input data and detailed calculation procedures.
For the particulate and dust emissions test methods, the national documents of those countries that have a test method are reference methods which are summarised in Informative Annex A, whilst those countries that do not have a specific test method, could choose one of these methods listed in the annex.
Häusliche Feuerstätten für feste Brennstoffe - Emissionsprüfverfahren
Die vorliegende Europäische Technische Spezifikation ist anwendbar auf Festbrennstoff beschickte Heiz- und
Kochgeräte und beschreibt detailliert die Messmethoden für NOx und OGC/Gesamtkohlenwasserstoffemission
sowie durch diese Geräte hervorgerufene Partikel und Staub und ist in Verbindung mit den
entsprechenden, von den Europäischen Normen vorgegebenen Prüfverfahren anzuwenden.
Diese Europäische Technische Spezifikation umfasst die Prüfverfahren betreffend NOx und
OGC/Gesamtkohlenwasserstoffemission. Sie umfasst dennoch keine Eingabedaten und keine detaillierten
Berechnungsverfahren.
Für die Prüfverfahren von Partikel- und Staubemissionen sind die nationalen Dokumente derjenigen Länder,
die eine Prüfmethode besitzen, Referenzmethoden. Diese sind im Anhang A zusammengefasst, während
diejenigen Länder, die keine besondere Prüfmethode haben, zwischen den im Anhang aufgeführten
Methoden wählen können.
Appareils résidentiels à combustibles solides - Méthodes d'essai des émissions
La présente Spécification Technique européenne est applicable aux appareils résidentiels de
chauffage et de cuisson utilisant des combustibles solides et décrit de manière détaillée les méthodes
de mesurage des émissions de NOx et de Composés Organiques Gazeux/hydrocarbures totaux ainsi
que des particules et des poussières produites par ces appareils. Elle doit être utilisée conjointement
aux méthodes d'essai indiquées dans les Normes européennes couvrant ces appareils.
La présente Spécification Technique européenne couvre les méthodes d'essai relatives aux
émissions de NOx et de Composés Organiques Gazeux/hydrocarbures totaux ; néanmoins, elle ne
couvre pas les données d'entrée et les méthodes de calcul détaillées.
En ce qui concerne les méthodes d'essai relatives aux émissions de particules et de poussières, les
publications nationales des pays disposant d'une méthode d'essai constituent les méthodes de
référence qui sont résumées à l'Annexe A informative, alors que les pays ne disposant pas d'une
méthode d'essai spécifique peuvent choisir l'une des méthodes énumérées à l'annexe.
Stanovanjski aparati na trdna goriva - Emisijska preskusna metoda
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15883:2009
01-december-2009
Stanovanjski aparati na trdna goriva - Emisijska preskusna metoda
Residential solid fuel burning appliances - Emission test methods
Häusliche Feuerstätten für feste Brennstoffe - Emissionsprüfverfahren
Appareils résidentiels à combustibles solides - Méthodes d'essai des émissions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15883:2009
ICS:
97.100.30 Grelniki na trdo gorivo Solid fuel heaters
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15883:2009 en,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 15883:2009
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15883
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
July 2009
ICS 97.100.30
English Version
Residential solid fuel burning appliances - Emission test
methods
Appareils résidentiels à combustibles solides - Méthodes Häusliche Feuerstätten für feste Brennstoffe -
d'essai des émissions Emissionsprüfverfahren
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 28 March 2009 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15883:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope. 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
3.1 Definitions . 5
4 Emission test methods: measurements of total hydrocarbons (THC) . 6
4.1 General procedure . 6
4.2 Equipment . 7
4.3 Calculation of organic gaseous compounds (OGC) . 7
4.4 Uncertainty of measurement . 8
5 Emissions test methods: measurement of nitrogen oxides. 8
5.1 General procedure . 8
5.2 Measuring principles of analysers . 9
5.2.1 Chemiluminescence method . 9
5.2.2 Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) method . 10
5.2.3 Other methods . 11
5.3 Calculation method . 11
Annex A (informative) . 12
A.1 Austrian and German particle test methods . 12
A.1.1 General . 12
A.1.2 Dust measuring equipment . 12
A.2 Norwegian particle test methods . 13
A.2.1 The test methods for particle emissions . 14
A.3 UK particle test methods . 16
A.3.1 Background to legislation and basis of testing . 16
A.3.2 Measurement of smoke emission from Fuels: summary of the BS 3841 Test
Procedure . 17
A.3.3 Measurement of Smoke Emission from a Smoke Reducing Appliance . 18
A.3.4 Brief summary of BS 3841 smoke measurement apparatus . 19
Bibliography . 25
2
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Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15883:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 295
“Residential solid fuel burning appliances”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
3
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Introduction
All the standards of CEN/TC 295 deal with the field of residential heating and cooking appliances
burning solid fuels covering the standardization of appliance construction, safety and commissioning
requirements and performance requirements (e.g. heat outputs, efficiency and emissions) together
with supporting test methods.
This European Technical Specification (TS) deals with methods for the measurements of NOx, and
OGC/total hydrocarbons emissions and particulate and dust produced by the above mentioned
heating and cooking appliances.
For the nitrogen oxides this European Technical Specification describes the ‘Chemiluminescence
method’ and the ‘Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) method’. Besides these two techniques, there are
also the ‘Non-dispersive ultraviolet (NDUV) method’ and the ‘Non-extractive (in situ) method’ which
are described in detail in ISO 10849:1996.
For the total hydrocarbon contents the method is described but the TS does not give any information
regarding separate constituents due to the measurements being expressed as equivalents of a
reference substance. In this method the measurement is continuous.
Finally, for the measurements of particulate and dust, this European Technical Specification reports,
in the Annex, three official methods that coincide respectively with the combined Austrian and
German method, the Norwegian method and the UK method currently in force in these countries.
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1 Scope
This European Technical Specification is applicable to residential heating and cooking appliances
burning solid fuels and details methods for the measurements of NO , and OGC/total hydrocarbons
x
emissions and particulate and dust produced by these appliances and is to be used in conjunction
with the test methods given in the European Standards covering these appliances.
This European Technical Specification covers the NO , and OGC/total hydrocarbons emission test
x
methods, however it does not cover input data and detailed calculation procedures.
For the particulate and dust emissions test methods, the national documents of those countries that
have a test method are reference methods which are summarised in Informative Annex A, whilst
those countries that do not have a specific test method, could choose one of these methods listed in
the annex.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12815:2001, Residential cookers fired by solid fuel — Requirements and test methods
EN 13229:2001, Inset appliances including open fires fired by solid fuels — Requirements and test
methods
EN 13240:2001, Roomheaters fired by solid fuel - Requirements and test methods
ISO 10849:1996, Stationary source emissions — Determination of the mass concentration of nitrogen
oxides — Performance characteristics of automated measuring systems
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the following definitions apply.
3.1.1
absorption
incorporation of a substance into the body of a liquid or solid
3.1.2
calibration
set of operations that establish the relationship between values of quantities indicated by a measuring
instrument or measuring system, or values represented by a material measure or a reference
material, and the corresponding values realized by standards
3.1.3
dew point
temperature at, or below which, the condensation from the gas phase will occur
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3.1.4
dust
particles of various shape, structure and density scattered in the gaseous phase of the flue gas
3.1.5
gas sample
portion of gaseous material on which observations can be made in order to provide data on the
gaseous material from which it has been removed
NOTE A sample is taken as being representative of the gaseous material if the same observations are
supplied on any other samples taken from this gaseous material to furnish the same data within preset intervals.
3.1.6
line
gas-tight system of tubing equipped with accessories such a valves, manometers, etc. enabling gas to
be transported from one point to another
3.1.7
measured value
estimated value of the air quality characteristics derived from an output signal; this usually involves
calculations related to the calibration process and conversion to required quantities
3.1.8
nominal heat output
declared heat output of an appliance achieved under defined test conditions when burning the
specified test fuel in accordance with the European standard relevant to that appliance
3.1.9
reference material
material or substance one or more of whose property values is sufficiently homogeneous and well
established to be used for the calibration of an apparatus, the assessment of measurement method,
or for assigning values to materials
3.1.10
resolution
smallest difference between indications, for an identifiable component, of a recording or display
device that can be meaningfully distinguished
3.1.11
sample line
line provided to remove a representative sample of a gas to be analysed and to transport it from the
sample point to the analyzer
4 Emission test methods: measurements of total hydrocarbons (THC)
NOTE These methods are intended to determine the total hydrocarbon content in the flue gases from
appliances burning solid fuels. The method uses an instrument equipped with a flame ionisation detector (FID).
The measurement is continuous. The result obtained is expressed as equivalents of a reference substance,
usually methane or propane. The measurement concerns only the total hydrocarbon content and does not give
any information of separate constituents. The sampling point should be as described for the measurement
section detailed in the test methods appropriate to the appliance as given in the European Standard covering the
requirement and testing of these residential heating and cooking appliances burning solid fuels.
4.1 General procedure
The measurement is extractive and continuous, i.e. a sample of test gas flow is continuously extracted
and is analyzed in a free-standing instrument. The sampling point shall be as described in the test
methods detailed in the European Standard appropriate to the appliance being tested. If there is a
damper or any other device which favours the lack of homogeneity in the flow, the measuring point
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shall be moved to a position where the flow is homogenous. The measuring system shall be heated to
195 °C.
4.2 Equipment
The measuring system consists of the following components.
a) Instrument with flame ionisation detector, FID. Measuring range, usually between 0 -10 and 0 -
100 000 ppm. The instrument shall be equipped with a heated filter.
b) Gas probe with a cleaning filter for particulates. The probe shall consist of a suitable material,
such as corrosion resistant steel. The filter shall be heated so that condensation is avoided. This
requires a temperature in the filter of 195 °C.
c) Sample line. The sample line shall be heated to the same temperature as the filter. The inner line
shall be of PTFE and be exchangeable. The sample line shall be as short as possible.
4.3 Calculation of organic gaseous compounds (OGC)
4.3.1 This method describes how to calculate the content of organic gaseous compounds
3
1)
expressed in mg/Nm (dry) (at normal condition ) and based upon an oxygen content of 13 % in the
exit flue gases. The calculation of total hydrocarbons (THC) content is based on a continuous
measurement as described in 4.1.
4.3.2 Calculation assumptions
In order to undertake the calculations given in 4.3.3 the following data shall be available:
a) total hydrocarbon content in methane or propane equivalents, mean value;
b) O , CO , CO content, mean values;
2,m 2,m m
c) carbon, hydrogen and moisture content of the test fuel (C, H and W );
d) carbon content of the residue crossing the grate referred to the quantity of the test fuel fired (C ).
r
4.3.3 Calculations of organic gaseous compounds
If the OGC content is required in methane equivalents it is determined as follows:
()THC ×12 ()21 −13 G
W
(1)
C = × ×
OGC
22,36 ()21 −O G
2,m D
Alternatively, if the OGC content is required in propane equivalents it is determined as follows:
()THC × 36 ()21 −13 G
W
(2)
C = × ×
OGC
21,93 ()21 − O G
2,m D
where
3
C is the calculated content of organic gaseous compound expressed in mg/Nm dry flue gas
OGC
at 13 % O ;
2
1)
Referred to 273 K and 1013 mbar.
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THC is the measured total hydrocarbon content in the wet flue gas either in ppm methane
equivalents or propane equivalents;
O is the measured content of oxygen in dry flue gas expressed in % as mean value;
2,m
3
G is the actual specific wet flue gas volume expressed in Nm /kg fuel;
w
3
G is the actual specific dry flue gas volume expressed in Nm /kg fuel.
D
The actual specific flue gas volume in wet condition is to be calculated as:
()C - C ()9 H +W
×
r (3)
G = +1,24 ×
W
()0,536 ×()CO +CO 100
2,m m
where
3
G is the specific flue gas volume in wet conditions in Nm /kg fuel;
w
C is the carbon content of the test fuel in % of mass;
C is the carbon content of the residue referred to the quantity of the test fuel fired in % of
r
mass;
CO is the measured mean content of carbon dioxide in the dry flue gas in %;
2,m
CO is the measured mean content of carbon monoxide in the dry flue gas in %;
m
H is the hydrogen content of the test fuel in % of mass;
W is the moisture content of the test fuel in % of mass.
The actual specific dry flue gas volume, GD, is calculated as:
()C -C
r
(4)
G =
D
0,536×()C +CO
2,m
where
3
G is the specific flue gas volume in wet conditions in Nm /kg fuel;
D
C is the carbon content of the test fuel in % of mass;
C is the carbon content of the residue referred to the quantity of the test fuel fired in %
r
of mass;
CO is the measured mean content of carbon dioxide in the dry flue gas in %;
2,m
CO is the measured mean content of carbon monoxide in the dry flue gas in %;
m
4.4 Uncertainty of measurement
The uncertainty of the measurement for total hydrocarbon is maximum ± 10 % of the measured value.
The total uncertainty of the calculated OGC value, according to this instruction, is ± 15 % of the
calculated value.
5 Emissions test methods: measurement of nitrogen oxides
NOTE The methods detailed in 5.2.1 to 5.2.3 are intended to determine the content of nitrogen oxides (NO)
in flue gases from small combustion appliances. The methods are continuous. The result obtained is expressed
as equivalents of nitrogen dioxide (NO ). The sampling point should be as described for the measurement
2
section detailed in the test methods as appropriate to the appliance as given in the European Standard covering
the requirement and testing of these residential heating and cooking appliances burning solid fuels.
5.1 General procedure
The measurement is extractive and continuous, i.e. the test gas flow is extracted from the measuring
point by the suction pyrometer and is analysed by an arrangement of a complete measuring system
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as shown in Figure 1A or Figure 1B. This system is suitable for use with all the analysers described in
5.2. The sampling point and the suction pyrometer shall be as described in the test methods detailed
in the European Standard appropriate to the appliance being tested.
13
12
12
5
7
6
2
9
1
4 8
10 11
3 3
14
Figure 1a — NO measuring device
13
6
5
15
12 12
2
1 4
16
3 3 11
Figure 1b — NO/NO measuring device
x
Key
1 Gas sampling 9 Flow meter
2 Particulate filter 10 NO-analyser
3 Heating 11 Recorder
4 Sampling line (heated if necessary) 12 Inlet for zero and calibration gas (preferably in front of
the filter) to check the complete system
5 Sample cooler with condensate separator 13 Bypass for excess gas
6 Sample pump 14 inlet for zero and span gas to check the analyser
7 Filter 15 Converter
8 Needle valve 16 NO/NOx analyser
Figures 1A and 1B — Examples of the installation of the measuring devices
5.2 Measuring principles of analysers
NOTE The examples detailed in 5.2.1 to 5.2.3 describe typical principles found in existing analysers.
5.2.1 Chemiluminescence method
If NO reacts with ozone (O ), NO is formed. Part of the NO is in a photochemical reaction state.
3 2 2
When returning to the basic state, these NO molecules can radiate light in the wavelength range of
2
590 nm to 3 000 nm. The intensity of this light depends on the NO content and is influenced by the
pressure and presence of other gases.
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The content of NO in the gas sample is determined by the measurement of the intensity of the
radiated light.
Interference due to carbon dioxide (CO ) in the sample gas is possible, particularly in the presence of
2
water vapour, due to the quenching of the chemiluminscence. The extent of the quenching depends
on the CO and H O concentrations and on the type of analyser used. Any necessary corrections shall
2 2
be made to the analyser output either by reference to correction curves supplied by the manufacturers
or by a calibration of the gases which contain approximately the same concentration of CO as the
2
sample gas.
The measuring range of chemiluminescence analysers used for emission measurements extends
3 3
from 10 mg/m to 20 000 mg/m .
Figure 2 shows an example for the basic arrangement: there are atmospheric pressure and low
pressure analysers depending on the pressure in the reaction chamber. Some analysers have built-in
NO /NO converters and owing to their structure, give signals for NO, NOx, and NO either
2 2
simultaneously or in sequence.
15
6
2 4
3 3
1
14
7 9
8
5
11
12
10
13
Key
1 Sample inlet 9 Electronics
2 Sample pump 10 Oxygen inlet
3 Magnetic valve 11 Pressure regulator
4 NO /NO converter 12 Ozone regulator
2
5 Flow regulator 13 Ozone inlet
6 Pressure regulator 14 Signal
7 Reaction chamber 15 Bypass
8 Photomultiplier
Figure 2 — Example for an arrangement of a chemiluminescence analyser
5.2.2 Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) method
The most common application of the IR method are analysers working according to the NDIR method
(see Figure 3). Gases, which consist of molecules of different atoms, absorb light of the characteristic
wavelength in the infrared spectral region. With the NDIR method, spectral analysis of the IR radiation
-1
is omitted and the total absorption of the NO molecule at v = 1.876 cm (= 5,3 µm) is used for the
max
measurement.
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The radiation emitted from the IR source is divided into two beams and then modulated: one beam
passes through the measuring cell, the other through the reference cell containing an IR inactive gas,
usually nitrogen. If the sample gas contains NO, some of the IR energy is absorbed and the difference
in IR energy reaching the detector is proportional to the amount of NO present. The detector is
designed to be sensitive only to the NO-specific wavelengths. A special arrangement of the NDIR
method is the gas filter correlation method. Interference is possible, particularly with water vapour.
5.2.3 Other methods
Beside the two methods mentioned in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 above, there are the Non-dispersive ultraviolet
(NDUV) method and the Non-extractive (in situ) method. These methods are described in detail by
ISO 10849:1996.
5.3 Calculation method
The measured mean NO content (NO ) shall be converted to a NO -content value based on a
avg 2
standardised oxygen content of 13 % in the flue gas according to the following equation:
21 −O
2s tandardizes
(5)
NO = NO × ×d
2content avg NO
2
(21 −O2avg)
where
NO is the NO2 content calculated to the standard oxygen content of 13 %;
2content
NO is measured mean content of NO in the dry flue gas in %;
avg
3 3
d density of NO at 13 % oxygen content in kg/m [⇒ 2,05 kg/m ];
NO2 2 n n
O is the standardised oxygen content which is taken as 13%;
2standardised
O is the measured mean content of oxygen in the dry flue gas in %.
2avg
3
2
6
8
7
4
1
5
Key
1 Light source 5 Reference cell
2 Chopper motor 6 Detector
3 Chopper wheel 7 Electronics
4 Measuring cell 8 Signal
Figure 3 — Example of a typical NDIR analyser
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Annex A
(informative)
NOTE This Informative Annex contains three different methods that coincide respectively with the combined
Austrian and German method, the Norwegian method and the UK method currently called up in National
Legislation in these countries. For a full description of a particular method reference may have to be made to the
relevant National Standard.
A.1 Austrian and German particle test methods
A.1.1 General
Particulate emissions are measured during type testing according to EN 13240:2001 A.4.7,
EN 13229:2001 A.4.7 and EN 12815:2001 A.4.9 (nominal heat output test) parallel to CO
measurement.
The measurement position for particle measurement is arranged upstream of measurement positions
of CO, CO , NO and C H . Measurement of particulate emissions have to be started 3 minutes after
2 x n m
the fuel load is added.
The duration of measurement is 30 minutes.
A.1.2 Dust measuring equipment
The measuring arrangement is illustrated in Figure A.1. The sampling tube with a diameter of 8 mm
widens out to 9,74 mm at the specimen inlet.
The sampling equipment shall be designed so that in a sampling period of 30 minutes a waste gas
volume of 270 ± 13,5 litres relative to normal conditions (273 K, 1013 hPa) is extracted. During the
sampling, it shall be possible to control the volume flow by means of a volume flow measurement.
The sampling probes shall be designed for flue gas temperatures of 325 °C and a waste gas speed of
approx. 4 m/s at 1013 Pa under the conditions described above.
NOTE In the interests of simplifying the measuring method, individual measurement of the flow velocity and
subsequent matching of the inlet cross-section are dispensed with. In order to carry out the measurement, the
sampling probe is centred in the exhaust-gas cross-section, using a threaded cone.
The attachment for the filter sleeve shall be designed so that the filter cannot be damaged during
handling and structurally attached to exclude the possibility of dust entering the pump unit. The
measuring filter is inserted in a filter holder at the end of the sampling probe.
The sampling system shall be designed so that a controlled probe heating system excludes the
possibility of falling below the dew point in front of or in the filter sleeve. Here, the temperature in the
sleeve area shall be maintained at a constant 70 °C, under sampling conditions.
In the event of the waste gas inlet temperature exceeding a value of 225 °C, a cooling apparatus shall
be provided to ensure that a temperature of 70 °C is maintained in the sleeve area. The design of the
cooler shall not have any negative influences on the result of the measurement.
Suitable measures shall be employed to protect the pump and the volume flow control or limiting
device against the action of dust and accumulated condensate.
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Taking the complete measuring procedure into account, in the concentration range of the dust limit
3
value of 0,15 g/m , the measuring system shall be able to guarantee that the results of the
3
measurement will have a resolution of ± 0,03 g/m .
The mechanical stability of the dust collecting sleeve shall be retained even at temperatures of 160 °C
and the collecting sleeves shall not suffer mass losses greater than 2 mg.
7
6
F
3
45
2
1
E
D
C
B
A
Key
1 measurement section
2 gas sampling probe and line for particles measurement (heat-insulated)
3 water separator
4 silica gel filter
5 superfine filter
6 pump
7 gas flow meter
A CO2 and CO measurement
B Flue gas temperature ta measurement
C NOx measurement
D CnHm measurement
E Flue Draught measurement
F Particles filter (off-line gravimetric measurement)
Figure A.1 — Measurement section (including NOx, CnHm, Particles measurement)
A.2 Norwegian particle test methods
NOTE The Norwegian Pollution Authority (SFT) has done several investigations in different areas in Norway
of the air pollutions. They have found that wood stoves are one of the greatest contributors to air pollutions.
Numbers from SSB (Statistisk sentralbyrå) says that 65 % of the particles (PM10) are emissions from wood
combustion in Norway. SFT has given the National Office of Building Technology and Administration the authority
to give requirements for particle emission from appliances fired by solid fuel. The Norwegian legislation for
particle emission is given in the Building Regulations. The legislation is connected to the standard NS 3059
Enclosed wood heaters — Smoke emission — Requirements.
NS 3059 tells how to calculate the reported particle emission based upon 4 runs in accordance to
NS 3058, part 1 and 2. NS 3058-1 Enclosed wood heaters — Smoke emission — Part 1: Test facility
and heating pattern gives deta
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TS prCEN/TS 15883:2009
01-januar-2009
Stanovanjski aparati na trdna goriva - Emisijska preskusna metoda
Residential solid fuel burning appliances - Emission test methods
Häusliche Feuerstätten für feste Brennstoffe - Emissionsprüfverfahren
Appareils résidentiels à combustibles solides - Méthodes d'essai des émissions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prCEN/TS 15883
ICS:
97.100.30 Grelniki na trdo gorivo Solid fuel heaters
kSIST-TS prCEN/TS 15883:2009 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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kSIST-TS prCEN/TS 15883:2009
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kSIST-TS prCEN/TS 15883:2009
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
FINAL DRAFT
prCEN/TS 15883
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
November 2008
ICS 97.100.30
English Version
Residential solid fuel burning appliances - Emission test
methods
Appareils résidentiels à combustibles solides - Méthodes Häusliche Feuerstätten für feste Brennstoffe -
d'essai des émissions Emissionsprüfverfahren
This draft Technical Specification is submitted to CEN members for Technical Committee Approval. It has been drawn up by the Technical
Committee CEN/TC 295.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a Technical Specification. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice
and shall not be referred to as a Technical Specification.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prCEN/TS 15883:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
Foreword. 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope. 5
2 Normative references. 5
3 Terms and definitions. 5
3.1 Definitions. 5
4 Emission test methods: measurements of total hydrocarbons (THC). 6
4.1 General procedure. 6
4.2 Equipment. 7
4.3 Calculation of organic gaseous compounds (OGC) . 7
4.4 Uncertainty of measurement . 8
5 Emissions test methods: measurement of nitrogen oxides. 8
5.1 General procedure. 8
5.2 Measuring principles of analysers . 9
5.2.1 Chemiluminescence method. 9
5.2.2 Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) method . 10
5.2.3 Other methods. 11
5.3 Calculation method. 11
A.1 Austrian and German particle test methods . 12
A.1.1 General. 12
A.1.2 Dust measuring equipment. 12
A.2 Norwegian particle test methods . 13
A.2.1 The test methods for particle emissions. 14
A.3 UK particle test methods. 17
A.3.1 Background to legislation and basis of testing. 17
A.3.2 Measurement of smoke emission from Fuels: summary of the BS 3841 Test
Procedure . 18
A.3.3 Measurement of Smoke Emission from a Smoke Reducing Appliance. 19
A.3.4 Brief summary of BS 3841 smoke measurement apparatus . 20
Bibliography . 26
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Foreword
This document (prCEN/TS 15883:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 295
“Residential solid fuel burning appliances”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the Technical Committee Approval.
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Introduction
All the standards of CEN/TC 295 deal with the field of residential heating and cooking appliances
burning solid fuels covering the standardization of appliance construction, safety and commissioning
requirements and performance requirements (e.g. heat outputs, efficiency and emissions) together
with supporting test methods.
This European Technical Specification (TS) deals with methods for the measurements of NOx, and
OGC/total hydrocarbons emissions and particulate and dust produced by the above mentioned
heating and cooking appliances.
For the nitrogen oxides this European Technical Specification describes the ‘Chemiluminescence
method’ and the ‘Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) method’. Besides these two techniques, there are
also the ‘Non-dispersive ultraviolet (NDUV) method’ and the ‘Non-extractive (in situ) method’ which
are described in detail in ISO 10849:1996.
For the total hydrocarbon contents the method is described but the TS does not give any information
regarding separate constituents due to the measurements being expressed as equivalents of a
reference substance. In this method the measurement is continuous.
Finally, for the measurements of particulate and dust, this European Technical Specification reports,
in the Annex, three official methods that coincide respectively with the combined Austrian and
German method, the Norwegian method and the UK method currently in force in these countries.
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1 Scope
This European Technical Specification is applicable to residential heating and cooking appliances
burning solid fuels and details methods for the measurements of NO , and OGC/total hydrocarbons
x
emissions and particulate and dust produced by these appliances and is to be used in conjunction
with the test methods given in the European Standards covering these appliances.
This European Technical Specification covers the NO , and OGC/total hydrocarbons emission test
x
methods, however it does not cover input data and detailed calculation procedures.
For the particulate and dust emissions test methods, the national documents of those countries that
have a test method are reference methods which are summarised in Informative Annex A, whilst
those countries that do not have a specific test method, could choose one of these methods listed in
the annex.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12815:2001, Residential cookers fired by solid fuel — Requirements and test methods
EN 13229:2001, Inset appliances including open fires fired by solid fuels — Requirements and test
methods
ISO 10849:1996, Stationary source emissions — Determination of the mass concentration of nitrogen
oxides — Performance characteristics of automated measuring systems
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the following definitions apply.
3.1.1
absorption
incorporation of a substance into the body of a liquid or solid
3.1.2
calibration
set of operations that establish the relationship between values of quantities indicated by a measuring
instrument or measuring system, or values represented by a material measure or a reference
material, and the corresponding values realized by standards
3.1.3
dew point
temperature at, or below which, the condensation from the gas phase will occur
3.1.4
dust
particles of various shape, structure and density scattered in the gaseous phase of the flue gas
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3.1.5
gas sample
portion of gaseous material on which observations can be made in order to provide data on the
gaseous material from which it has been removed
NOTE A sample is taken as being representative of the gaseous material if the same observations are
supplied on any other samples taken from this gaseous material to furnish the same data within preset intervals.
3.1.6
line
gas-tight system of tubing equipped with accessories such a valves, manometers, etc. enabling gas to
be transported from one point to another
3.1.7
measured value
estimated value of the air quality characteristics derived from an output signal; this usually involves
calculations related to the calibration process and conversion to required quantities
3.1.8
nominal heat output
declared heat output of an appliance achieved under defined test conditions when burning the
specified test fuel in accordance with the European standard relevant to that appliance
3.1.9
reference material
material or substance one or more of whose property values is sufficiently homogeneous and well
established to be used for the calibration of an apparatus, the assessment of measurement method,
or for assigning values to materials
3.1.10
resolution
smallest difference between indications, for an identifiable component, of a recording or display
device that can be meaningfully distinguished
3.1.11
sample line
line provided to remove a representative sample of a gas to be analysed and to transport it from the
sample point to the analyzer
4 Emission test methods: measurements of total hydrocarbons (THC)
NOTE These methods are intended to determine the total hydrocarbon content in the flue gases from
appliances burning solid fuels. The method uses an instrument equipped with a flame ionisation detector (FID).
The measurement is continuous. The result obtained is expressed as equivalents of a reference substance,
usually methane or propane. The measurement concerns only the total hydrocarbon content and does not give
any information of separate constituents. The sampling point should be as described for the measurement
section detailed in the test methods appropriate to the appliance as given in the European Standard covering the
requirement and testing of these residential heating and cooking appliances burning solid fuels.
4.1 General procedure
The measurement is extractive and continuous, i.e. a sample of test gas flow is continuously extracted
and is analyzed in a free-standing instrument. The sampling point shall be as described in the test
methods detailed in the European Standard appropriate to the appliance being tested. If there is a
damper or any other device which favours the lack of homogeneity in the flow, the measuring point
shall be moved to a position where the flow is homogenous. The measuring system shall be heated to
195 °C.
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4.2 Equipment
The measuring system consists of the following components.
Instrument with flame ionisation detector, FID. Measuring range, usually between 0 -10 and 0 -
100 000 ppm. The instrument shall be equipped with a heated filter.
Gas probe with a cleaning filter for particulates. The probe shall consist of a suitable material,
such as corrosion resistant steel. The filter shall be heated so that condensation is avoided. This
requires a temperature in the filter of 195 °C.
Sample line. The sample line shall be heated to the same temperature as the filter. The inner line
shall be of PTFE and be exchangeable. The sample line shall be as short as possible.
4.3 Calculation of organic gaseous compounds (OGC)
4.3.1 This method describes how to calculate the content of organic gaseous compounds
3
1)
expressed in mg/Nm (dry) (at normal condition ) and based upon an oxygen content of 13 % in the
exit flue gases. The calculation of total hydrocarbons (THC) content is based on a continuous
measurement as described in 4.1.
4.3.2 Calculation assumptions
In order to undertake the calculations given in 4.3.3 the following data shall be available:
total hydrocarbon content in methane or propane equivalents, mean value;
O , CO , CO content, mean values;
2,m 2,m m
carbon, hydrogen and moisture content of the test fuel (C, H and W );
carbon content of the residue crossing the grate referred to the quantity of the test fuel fired (C ).
r
4.3.3 Calculations of organic gaseous compounds
If the OGC content is required in methane equivalents it is determined as follows:
G
()THC × 12 ()21 − 13
W
(1)
C = × ×
OGC
22,36 ()21 −O G
2,m D
Alternatively, if the OGC content is required in propane equivalents it is determined as follows:
()THC × 36 ()21 − 13 G
W
(2)
C = × ×
OGC
21,93 ()21 − O G
2,m D
where
3
C is the calculated content of organic gaseous compound expressed in mg/Nm dry flue gas
OGC
at 13 % O ;
2
THC is the measured total hydrocarbon content in the wet flue gas either in ppm methane
equivalents or propane equivalents;
O is the measured content of oxygen in dry flue gas expressed in % as mean value;
2,m
3
G is the actual specific wet flue gas volume expressed in Nm /kg fuel;
w
1)
Referred to 273 K and 1013 mbar.
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3
G is the actual specific dry flue gas volume expressed in Nm /kg fuel.
D
The actual specific flue gas volume in wet condition is to be calculated as:
()C - C ()
9 ×H +W
r (3)
G = +1,24 ×
W
()0,536 ×()CO +CO 100
2,m m
where
3
G is the specific flue gas volume in wet conditions in Nm /kg fuel;
w
C is the carbon content of the test fuel in % of mass;
C is the carbon content of the residue referred to the quantity of the test fuel fired in % of
r
mass;
CO is the measured mean content of carbon dioxide in the dry flue gas in %;
2,m
CO is the measured mean content of carbon monoxide in the dry flue gas in %;
m
H is the hydrogen content of the test fuel in % of mass;
W is the moisture content of the test fuel in % of mass.
The actual specific dry flue gas volume, GD, is calculated as:
()C -C
r
(4)
G =
D
0,536×()C +CO
2,m
where
3
G is the specific flue gas volume in wet conditions in Nm /kg fuel;
D
C is the carbon content of the test fuel in % of mass;
C is the carbon content of the residue referred to the quantity of the test fuel fired in %
r
of mass;
CO is the measured mean content of carbon dioxide in the dry flue gas in %;
2,m
CO is the measured mean content of carbon monoxide in the dry flue gas in %;
m
4.4 Uncertainty of measurement
The uncertainty of the measurement for total hydrocarbon is maximum ± 10 % of the measured value.
The total uncertainty of the calculated OGC value, according to this instruction, is ± 15 % of the
calculated value.
5 Emissions test methods: measurement of nitrogen oxides
NOTE The methods detailed in 5.2.1 to 5.2.3 are intended to determine the content of nitrogen oxides (NO)
in flue gases from small combustion appliances. The methods are continuous. The result obtained is expressed
as equivalents of nitrogen dioxide (NO ). The sampling point should be as described for the measurement
2
section detailed in the test methods as appropriate to the appliance as given in the European Standard covering
the requirement and testing of these residential heating and cooking appliances burning solid fuels.
5.1 General procedure
The measurement is extractive and continuous, i.e. the test gas flow is extracted from the measuring
point by the suction pyrometer and is analysed by an arrangement of a complete measuring system
as shown in Figure 1A or Figure 1B. This system is suitable for use with all the analysers described in
5.2. The sampling point and the suction pyrometer shall be as described in the test methods detailed
in the European Standard appropriate to the appliance being tested.
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13
12
12
5
7
6
2
9
1
4 8
10 11
3 3
14
Figure 1a — NO measuring device
13
6
15 5
12 12
2
1 4
16
3 3 11
Figure 1b — NO/NO measuring device
x
Key
1 Gas sampling 9 Flow meter
2 Particulate filter 10 NO-analyser
3 Heating 11 Recorder
4 Sampling line (heated if necessary) 12 Inlet for zero and calibration gas (preferably in front of
the filter) to check the complete system
5 Sample cooler with condensate separator 13 Bypass for excess gas
6 Sample pump 14 inlet for zero and span gas to check the analyser
7 Filter 15 Converter
8 Needle valve 16 NO/NOx analyser
Figures 1A and 1B — Examples of the installation of the measuring devices
5.2 Measuring principles of analysers
NOTE The examples detailed in 5.2.1 to 5.2.3 describe typical principles found in existing analysers.
5.2.1 Chemiluminescence method
If NO reacts with ozone (O ), NO is formed. Part of the NO is in a photochemical reaction state.
3 2 2
When returning to the basic state, these NO molecules can radiate light in the wavelength range of
2
590 nm to 3 000 nm. The intensity of this light depends on the NO content and is influenced by the
pressure and presence of other gases.
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The content of NO in the gas sample is determined by the measurement of the intensity of the
radiated light.
Interference due to carbon dioxide (CO ) in the sample gas is possible, particularly in the presence of
2
water vapour, due to the quenching of the chemiluminscence. The extent of the quenching depends
on the CO and H O concentrations and on the type of analyser used. Any necessary corrections shall
2 2
be made to the analyser output either by reference to correction curves supplied by the manufacturers
or by a calibration of the gases which contain approximately the same concentration of CO as the
2
sample gas.
The measuring range of chemiluminescence analysers used for emission measurements extends
3 3
from 10 mg/m to 20 000 mg/m .
Figure 2 shows an example for the basic arrangement: there are atmospheric pressure and low
pressure analysers depending on the pressure in the reaction chamber. Some analysers have built-in
NO /NO converters and owing to their structure, give signals for NO, NOx, and NO either
2 2
simultaneously or in sequence.
15
6
2 4
3 3
1
14
7 9
8
5
11
12
10
13
Key
1 Sample inlet 9 Electronics
2 Sample pump 10 Oxygen inlet
3 Magnetic valve 11 Pressure regulator
4 NO /NO converter 12 Ozone regulator
2
5 Flow regulator 13 Ozone inlet
6 Pressure regulator 14 Signal
7 Reaction chamber 15 Bypass
8 Photomultiplier
Figure 2 — Example for an arrangement of a chemiluminescence analyser
5.2.2 Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) method
The most common application of the IR method are analysers working according to the NDIR method
(see Figure 3). Gases, which consist of molecules of different atoms, absorb light of the characteristic
wavelength in the infrared spectral region. With the NDIR method, spectral analysis of the IR radiation
-1
is omitted and the total absorption of the NO molecule at v = 1.876 cm (= 5,3 µm) is used for the
max
measurement.
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The radiation emitted from the IR source is divided into two beams and then modulated: one beam
passes through the measuring cell, the other through the reference cell containing an IR inactive gas,
usually nitrogen. If the sample gas contains NO, some of the IR energy is absorbed and the difference
in IR energy reaching the detector is proportional to the amount of NO present. The detector is
designed to be sensitive only to the NO-specific wavelengths. A special arrangement of the NDIR
method is the gas filter correlation method. Interference is possible, particularly with water vapour.
5.2.3 Other methods
Beside the two methods mentioned in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 above, there are the Non-dispersive ultraviolet
(NDUV) method and the Non-extractive (in situ) method. These methods are described in detail by
ISO 10849:1996.
5.3 Calculation method
The measured mean NO content (NO ) shall be converted to a NO -content value based on a
avg 2
standardised oxygen content of 13 % in the flue gas according to the following equation:
21 −O
2s tandardizes
(5)
NO = NO × ×d
2content avg NO
2
(21 −O2avg)
where
NO is the NO2 content calculated to the standard oxygen content of 13 %;
2content
NO is measured mean content of NO in the dry flue gas in %;
avg
3 3
d density of NO at 13 % oxygen content in kg/m [⇒ 2,05 kg/m ];
NO2 2 n n
O is the standardised oxygen content which is taken as 13%;
2standardised
O is the measured mean content of oxygen in the dry flue gas in %.
2avg
3
2
6
8
7
4
1
5
Key
1 Light source 5 Reference cell
2 Chopper motor 6 Detector
3 Chopper wheel 7 Electronics
4 Measuring cell 8 Signal
Figure 3 — Example of a typical NDIR analyser
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Annex A
(informative)
NOTE This Informative Annex contains three different methods that coincide respectively with the combined
Austrian and German method, the Norwegian method and the UK method currently called up in National
Legislation in these countries. For a full description of a particular method reference may have to be made to the
relevant National Standard.
A.1 Austrian and German particle test methods
A.1.1 General
Particulate emissions are measured during type testing according to EN 13240:2001 A.4.7,
EN 13229:2001 A.4.7 and EN 12815:2001 A.4.9 (nominal heat output test) parallel to CO
measurement.
The measurement position for particle measurement is arranged upstream of measurement positions
of CO, CO , NO and C H . Measurement of particulate emissions have to be started 3 minutes after
2 x n m
the fuel load is added.
The duration of measurement is 30 minutes.
A.1.2 Dust measuring equipment
The measuring arrangement is illustrated in Figure A.1. The sampling tube with a diameter of 8 mm
widens out to 9,74 mm at the specimen inlet.
The sampling equipment shall be designed so that in a sampling period of 30 minutes a waste gas
volume of 270 ± 13,5 litres relative to normal conditions (273 K, 1013 hPa) is extracted. During the
sampling, it shall be possible to control the volume flow by means of a volume flow measurement.
The sampling probes shall be designed for flue gas temperatures of 325 °C and a waste gas speed of
approx. 4 m/s at 1013 Pa under the conditions described above.
NOTE In the interests of simplifying the measuring method, individual measurement of the flow velocity and
subsequent matching of the inlet cross-section are dispensed with. In order to carry out the measurement, the
sampling probe is centred in the exhaust-gas cross-section, using a threaded cone.
The attachment for the filter sleeve shall be designed so that the filter cannot be damaged during
handling and structurally attached to exclude the possibility of dust entering the pump unit. The
measuring filter is inserted in a filter holder at the end of the sampling probe.
The sampling system shall be designed so that a controlled probe heating system excludes the
possibility of falling below the dew point in front of or in the filter sleeve. Here, the temperature in the
sleeve area shall be maintained at a constant 70 °C, under sampling conditions.
In the event of the waste gas inlet temperature exceeding a value of 225 °C, a cooling apparatus shall
be provided to ensure that a temperature of 70 °C is maintained in the sleeve area. The design of the
cooler shall not have any negative influences on the result of the measurement.
Suitable measures shall be employed to protect the pump and the volume flow control or limiting
device against the action of dust and accumulated condensate.
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Taking the complete measuring procedure into account, in the concentration range of the dust limit
3
value of 0,15 g/m , the measuring system shall be able to guarantee that the results of the
3
measurement will have a resolution of ± 0,03 g/m .
The mechanical stability of the dust collecting sleeve shall be retained even at temperatures of 160 °C
and the collecting sleeves shall not suffer mass losses greater than 2 mg.
7
6
F
3
45
2
1
E
D
C
B
A
Key
1 measurement section
2 gas sampling probe and line for particles measurement (heat-insulated)
3 water separator
4 silica gel filter
5 superfine filter
6 pump
7 gas flow meter
A CO2 and CO measurement
B Flue gas temperature ta measurement
C NOx measurement
D CnHm measurement
E Flue Draught measurement
F Particles filter (off-line gravimetric measurement)
Figure A.1 — Measurement section (including NOx, CnHm, Particles measurement)
A.2 Norwegian particle test methods
NOTE The Norwegian Pollution Authority (SFT) has done several investigations in different areas in Norway
of the air pollutions. They have found that wood stoves are one of the greatest contributors to air pollutions.
Numbers from SSB (Statistisk sentralbyrå) says that 65 % of the particles (PM10) are emissions from wood
combustion in Norway. SFT has given the National Office of Building Technology and Administration the authority
to give requirements for particle emission from appliances fired by solid fuel. The Norwegian legislation for
particle emission is given in the Building Regulations. The legislation is connected to the standard NS 3059
Enclosed wood heaters — Smoke emission — Requirements.
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NS 3059 tells how to calculate the reported particle emission based upon 4 runs in accordance to
NS 3058, part 1 and 2. NS 3058-1 Enclosed wood heaters — Smoke emission — Part 1: Test facility
and heating pattern gives detailed restrictions how to prepare and run the test and NS 3058-2
Enclosed wood heaters — Smoke emission — Part 2: Determination of particulate emission gives
detailed restrictions how to prepare and do particle emission measurements when firing in accordance
to NS 3058-1.
A.2.1 The test methods for particle emissions
Appliances for solid fuel are tested with natural draft with dilution tunnel and sampling on a plane filter
with porosity of 1 µm.
The test fuel shall consist of air-dried spruce with dimension 49 × 49 mm and moisture between 16 to
20 % on wet basis. The distance between the logs shall be 10 mm (see Figure A.2). The fuel charge
3
density shall be b
...
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