oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2023
(Main)Soil quality - Vocabulary (ISO/DIS 11074:2023)
Soil quality - Vocabulary (ISO/DIS 11074:2023)
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Wörterbuch (ISO/DIS 11074:2023)
Qualité du sol - Vocabulaire (ISO/DIS 11074:2023)
Kakovost tal - Slovar (ISO/DIS 11074:2023)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2023
01-april-2023
Kakovost tal - Slovar (ISO/DIS 11074:2023)
Soil quality - Vocabulary (ISO/DIS 11074:2023)
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Wörterbuch (ISO/DIS 11074:2023)
Qualité du sol - Vocabulaire (ISO/DIS 11074:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 11074
ICS:
01.040.13 Okolje. Varovanje zdravja. Environment. Health
Varnost (Slovarji) protection. Safety
(Vocabularies)
13.080.01 Kakovost tal in pedologija na Soil quality and pedology in
splošno general
oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2023
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 11074
ISO/TC 190 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2023-02-13 2023-05-08
Soil quality — Vocabulary
Qualité du sol — Vocabulaire
ICS: 01.040.13; 13.080.01
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2023
ISO/DIS 11074:2023(E)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 11074
ISO/TC 190 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
Soil quality — Vocabulary
Qualité du sol — Vocabulaire
ICS: 01.040.13; 13.080.01
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
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ii
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2023
ISO/DIS 11074:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
Annex A (informative) Relationships between sampling operations .64
Bibliography .66
iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2023
ISO/DIS 11074:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2023
ISO/DIS 11074:2022(E)
Introduction
This vocabulary gives soil quality terms and their definitions. The previous versions of the vocabular
(ISO 11074:2015 and ISO 11074/Amd.1:2020) presented terms and definitions in separate clauses to
differentiate the terms about e.g., sampling, remediation, etc. This became more and more artificial,
since soil quality experts with different expertise need to work closely together and there is a greater
need for one term list instead of multiple ones, where experts first must find out in which sublist of
the International Standard the specific term could be found. In this new version of the International
Standard the terms are presented in one alphanumeric list.
For some terms, there are different definitions, depending on the context. These terms are presented
after each other, with the differentiating scopes between brackets: . Often this will be a
general and a specific scope, resulting in different definitions.
Though the terms apply for all other ISO/TC 190 Soil quality standards and most terms and definitions
from other ISO/TC 190 Soil quality standards are present in ISO 11074, not all terms and definitions are
taken onboard.
New and revised standards are published continuously though time. The revision periods of soil quality
standards defer. That means that, even if working groups work closely together, definitions of the same
terms can be different in specific soil quality standard and this vocabulary standard.
v
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 11074:2022(E)
Soil quality — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This International Standard defines a list of terms used in the preparation of the standards in the field
of soil quality.
Some terms can have different definitions depending on the context. If so, the context of the term is
given as .
NOTE 1 See also the ISO online browsing platform (OBP): www .iso .org/ obp/ ui/
NOTE 2 For general terms relating to quality, see ISO 8402.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
2.1
abandoned hazardous site
hazardous site left by the owner or other responsible party in unmanaged condition
2.2
abandoned industrial site
industrial site left by the owner or other responsible party in unmanaged condition
2.3
abandoned potentially hazardous site
abandoned site whose history leads to a suspicion that it can be hazardous
2.4
abandoned waste disposal site
waste disposal site left by the owner or other responsible party in unmanaged condition
2.5
abiotic decomposition
decomposition by physical and/or chemical processes (e.g. photolysis, hydrolysis, oxidation, and
reduction)
2.6
abiotic degradation
degradation by physical and/or chemical processes
2.7
above-ground sampling
process of taking samples from material that has been deposited on the ground surface
EXAMPLE Samples are taken from a stockpile (including bulk volumes of excavated soils), deposit of waste
or embankment.
[SOURCE: ISO 18400-104:2018, 3.1]
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2.8
accumulation
increase of the concentration of a substance in soil due to the fact that the substance input is larger than
the substance output
Note 1 to entry: Substance output includes material which is degraded substances.
2.9
active protective measure
process designed, for example, to control groundwater or gas migrations
EXAMPLE Pumped water extraction or gas extraction system.
2.10
active soil-gas sampling
sampling by extracting a certain volume of soil gas
2.11
actual increment size
amount of material that is present in an increment
Note 1 to entry: See increment (2.217)
2.12
actual sample size
amount of material that is present in the sample
2.13
aerobic
descriptive of a condition with molecular oxygen available
2.14
aerobic biological treatment
biological treatment in the presence of oxygen
2.15
aerobic
descriptive of a condition with molecular oxygen available
2.16
aftercare management
measures applied on completion of remedial works or as an integral part of a containment strategy to
ensure continued effectiveness over the long-term
2.17
aggressive soil conditions
soil conditions potentially damaging to buildings and construction materials
2.18
air-sparging
introduction of air under pressure into the groundwater
2.19
aliphatic hydrocarbon
acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds
[SOURCE: ISO 11504:2012]
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2.20
aliquot
known amount of a homogeneous material, assumed to be taken with negligible sampling error
Note 1 to entry: The term is usually applied to fluids.
2.21
ammonification
microbial degradation of organic nitrogen to ammonia
2.22
amplicon
PCR product obtained by PCR from a template
Note 1 to entry: DNA fragment or RNA fragment amplified by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
[SOURCE: ISO 17601:2016]
2.23
anaerobic
descriptive of a condition in which molecular oxygen is not available
[SOURCE: ISO 17601:2016]
2.24
anaerobic biological treatment
biological treatment in the absence of gaseous or soluble oxygen
2.25
anaerobic transformation
reactions occurring under exclusion of oxygen (reducing conditions)
Note 1 to entry: These generally occur when the redox potential (Eh) is less than 200 mV.
2.26
analytical and testing strategy
plan comprising the samples to be analysed or tested, the parameters to be measured, sample
preparation methods, and the analytical or testing methods to be employed
Note 1 to entry: There should be associated quality assurance methods.
2.27
analytical sample
portion of material, resulting from the original sample or composite sample by means of an appropriate
method of sample pretreatment and having the size (volume/mass) necessary for the desired testing or
analysis
2.28
anisotropy
property of a soil or other volume of material to have different spatial variation structures depending
on direction and distance
Note 1 to entry: Usually illustrated in a variogram.
2.29
anthropogenic change
influence on soil properties caused by human activities
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2.30
anthropogenic concentration
concentration of a substance in a soil resulting from anthropogenic origin
[SOURCE: ISO 19258:2018]
2.31
anthropogenic ground
deposits which have accumulated through human activity
Note 1 to entry: These could consist of natural materials placed/replaced by man, e.g. clay, or man-made
materials, e.g. refuse.
[SOURCE: ISO 18400-104:2018, 3.2]
2.32
aromatic hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon of which the molecular structure incorporates one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms
that are connected by delocalized electrons, numbering the same as if they consisted of alternating
single and double covalent bonds
[SOURCE: ISO 11504:2012]
2.33
assessment criteria
criteria set up to help decide if a site requires further investigation or other action (e.g. remediation)
Note 1 to entry: The assessment criteria aid in interpreting the results of a quantitative risk or other assessment.
Note 2 to entry: For risk assessments, assessment criteria are often threshold values for doses or media
concentrations, such as e.g. tolerable daily intake, tolerable air, water, and soil concentrations set by international,
national, or local authorities.
2.34
available water capacity
soil water content usable by plants based on the effective root penetration depth
Note 1 to entry: The usable field capacity in the effective root zone is expressed in mm water column.
Note 2 to entry: The available water capacity (AWC) is generally taken to be the water content between field
capacity (FC) and the permanent wilting point (PWP) or 10 kilopascals to 1 500 kilopascals. See readily available
water capacity.
2.35
avoidance behaviour
tendency (of an organism) to avoid the test soil while preferring the control soil
2.36
background concentration
concentration of an element or a substance characteristic of a soil type in an area or region arising from
both natural sources and anthropogenic diffuse sources such as atmospheric deposition
[SOURCE: ISO 19258:2018]
2.37
background value
statistical characteristics of the total (natural pedo-geochemical and anthropogenic) content of
substances in soil
2.38
basal respiration
microbial soil respiration without addition of substrate
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2023
ISO/DIS 11074:2022(E)
2.39
basal respiration rate
R
B
constant mass of CO released or mass of O consumed per unit mass of soil per unit time without
2 2
substrate addition
2.40
bedrock
in situ naturally consolidated rock either underlying drift deposits such as glacial till or exposed by past
or current erosion processes
[SOURCE: EN 16039]
2.41
bioaccessibility
fraction of a substance in soil or soil material that is liberated in (human) gastrointestinal juices and
thus available for absorption
[SOURCE: ISO/CD 8259]
2.42
bioavailability
degree to which chemicals present in the soil can be absorbed or metabolised by a human or ecological
receptor or are available for interaction with biological systems
2.43
bioavailability
fraction of a substance present in ingested soil that reaches the systemic circulation (blood stream)
[SOURCE: ISO 17924:2018]
2.44
bioconcentration factor BCF
ratio of the concentration of a substance in an organism to that in the soil
2.45
biodegradation
the molecular degradation of an organic substance resulting from the complex actions of living
organisms
[SOURCE: ISO 11266:1994]
2.46
biodiversity
variability among living organisms on the earth, including the variability within and between species,
and within and between ecosystems
Note 1 to entry: This is also often used as the number and variety of organisms found within a specified
geographic region.
2.47
biological treatment
methods using the natural activities of plants or micro-organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, to
transform, destroy, fix, or immobilise contaminants
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2.48
biomass
total mass of living organisms or parts of them expressed as fresh or dry mass of test organism or fresh
or dry mass per test unit
2.49
biomass
total mass of test organisms or parts of them expressed as dry mass or fresh mass of test organism or
dry mass or fresh mass per test unit
2.50
biomass
total mass of shoots, flowers and seed pods
Note 1 to entry: Biomass is expressed as dry mass per plant or, if needed, as dry mass per pot. During the test
period, some of the test plants can reach different growth stages and their water content can differ when the
plants are harvested. Thus the dry mass better represents the biomass produced during the growth period.
[SOURCE: ISO 22030:2005]
2.51
bioreactor
equipment in which biotreatment is applied to a solid, liquid, or slurry
2.52
bioremediation
use of biological treatment methods to decontaminate soil or groundwater
2.53
biosolid
organic product applied to soil including for example, sewage sludge, compost, manure, and industrial
products
2.54
(bio) treatment bed
above-ground bed of soil designed to enhance biodegradation processes, usually incorporating means
of collecting leachate and often means of maintaining oxygen (in aerobic processes) and nutrient levels
Note 1 to entry: It can also include means of capturing released volatiles, or means of maintaining anaerobic
conditions.
2.55
bioventing
in situ process in which vapour extraction/air infiltration rates are adjusted to optimize biodegradation
reactions
2.56
boiling point
BP
point at which the vapour pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure acting on the surface of
liquid
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in degrees Celsius.
[SOURCE: ISO 11504:2012]
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ISO/DIS 11074:2022(E)
2.57
boring
borehole
bore
hole of any predetermined diameter and length formed in any soil, geological formation, or man-made
material by drilling
2.58
bottom barrier system
in-ground (largely) horizontal barrier used to isolate/contain site
2.59
bound residues
non-extractable residues
chemical species in plants and soils, originating from, for example, organic molecules that are not
extracted by methods which do not significantly change the chemical nature of these residues
Note 1 to entry: These non-extractable residues are considered to exclude fragments recycled through metabolic
pathways leading to natural products.
2.60
break layer
stratum of high permeability granular material within a cover system
Note 1 to entry: Its purpose is to stop upward capillary movement of soluble contaminants.
2.61
brownfield
land affected by former uses
[SOURCE: ISO 18504:2017, 3.1]
2.62
brownfield
sites which:
— have been affected by former uses of the site or surrounding land;
— are derelict or underused;
— are mainly in fully or partly developed urban areas;
— require intervention to bring them back to beneficial use; and/or
— may have real or perceived contamination problems
[SOURCE: ISO 18504:2017, 3.1]
2.63
bulk density
ratio of the mass of a quantity of material (or one phase) and the total volume occupied by this material
(including other phases)
Note 1 to entry: This is typically a volumetric mass but it is commonly named as "density". The numerical values
−3
are identical or divided by the volumetric mass of water (1 t.m ) at 4 °C.
2.64
bulk sample
sample resulting from the planned aggregation or the combination of sample units
[SOURCE: IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 1997]
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2.65
bulk volume
volume, including the solids and pores, of an arbitrary soil mass
2.66
capillary water
water held on soil particles due to unbalanced inter-molecular attraction at the liquid boundary
EXAMPLE The rise or depression of liquids in narrow tubes, the formation of films, drops, bubbles, etc.
2.67
carcinogen
substance that causes the development of malignant cells in animals or humans
[SOURCE: ISO 11504:2012]
2.68
certified reference material
CRM
reference material, one or more of whose property values are certified by a technically valid procedure
accompanied by a certificate or any document allowing the identification of the origin of the certificate
2.69
chain-of-custody procedure
procedure to ensure sample integrity (e.g. when transferred between the field and laboratory and
within a laboratory) and to ensure that the sample will provide legally and technically defensible data
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 5667-3 where a definition of integrity is given.
2.70
channel sample
sample obtained by removal of material in a channel-like shape from the soil using suitable equipment
2.71
characteristic
property or attribute of a material that is measured, compared, or observed
2.72
chemical treatment
treatment of contaminated soil, sediment, water, or other material in which the principal mechanism for
degradation or conversion to a less environmentally harmful form is a chemical reaction or combination
of reactions
2.73
chemico-physical treatment
process-based treatment relying on combination of physical and chemical processes
2.74
classification system
ranking system
formalized system to perform a preliminary assessment
Note 1 to entry: Formalized procedures can also aid in interpreting results of the preliminary investigation.
2.75
clay content
proportion of soil particles with a particle size < 2 µm
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2.76
cloning vector
a small piece of DNA that can be stably maintained in an organism, and into which a foreign DNA
fragment can be inserted for cloning purposes
[SOURCE: ISO 17601:2016]
2.77
cluster sample
composite sample for which the increments are taken over a small area around a predefined sampling
point
2 2
Note 1 to entry: Sampled area is typically about 0,5 m to 1,0 m .
Note 2 to entry: Material sampled is taken from within the same stratum or from material with the same
characteristics.
[SOURCE: ISO 18400-104:2018, 3.3]
2.78
community relations
processes involved in informing and consulting the local community affected by a hazardous site and
activities to investigate or remediate it
2.79
community relations plan
formal statement of measures to be taken to inform and consult the local community
2.80
competent authority
the authority that assesses investigation results and takes decisions about the severity and urgency of
the soil contamination found; and also assesses proposals for remediation or protective measures
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the site and the country, the competent authority could be very different
2.81
compliance or performance control
investigation or programme of on-going inspection, testing, or monitoring to confirm that a remediation
strategy has been properly implemented (for example, all contaminated materials have been removed)
and/or when a containment approach has been adopted, that this continues to perform to the specified
level
2.82
compliance point
location (for example, soil or groundwater) where the assessment criteria shall be measured and shall
not be exceeded
[SOURCE: ISO 11504:2012]
2.83
composite extract
extract obtained by mixing two or more extracts from different test samples in an equivalent manner
Note 1 to entry: Composite extracts are used instead of composite samples if mixing influences the composition
of a composite sample, as to be expected for e.g. volatile components.
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2.84
composite sample
average sample
aggregated sample
two or more increments/subsamples mixed together in appropriate proportions, either discretely or
continuously (blended composite sample), from which the average result of a desired characteristic can
be obtained
2.85
composite sample
sample made of a number of increments
Note 1 to entry: See cluster sample (2.77).
[SOURCE: ISO 18400-104:2018, 3.2 (modified)]
2.86
composting
biological treatment of contaminated soil usually (but not always) in treatment bed where organic
substances is submitted to aerobic transformation
Note 1 to entry: This process may be used in case of biological treatment of contaminated soils.
2.87
concentration
mass of test substance per unit mass of material
Note 1 to entry: Concentration is expressed as a mass fraction, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) of dry soil.
2.88
concentration method
adsorption method
method in which substances to be determined are concentrated adsorptively on an adsorbent,
subsequently desorbed and analysed
EXAMPLE Adsorbent: e.g. activated charcoal or XAD 4 resin.
2.89
conceptual site model
synthesis of all information about a potentially contaminated site relevant to the task in hand with
interpretation as necessary and recognition of uncertainties
[SOURCE: ISO 21365:2019]
2.90
construction works
applications where soil materials are not required to have a direct productive use although they can
support other layers intended to have a productive use
[SOURCE: for example, earthworks (e.g. embankments), landscape engineering, road construction,
construction of waste disposal sites, and back filling of excavated sites or mines]
2.91
containment
isolation
control of migration of gaseous, liquid, or solid contaminated media from a site by use of measures such
as covering systems, vertical in-ground barriers, and in-ground horizontal barriers
Note 1 to entry: Depending on site-specific factors, measures can be used alone or in combination.
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2.92
contaminant
substance or agent present in an environmental medium as a result of human activity
Note 1 to entry: There is no assumption in this definition that harms results from the presence of the contaminant.
See also pollutant (2.330).
[SOURCE: ISO 21365:2019]
2.93
contaminated site
site where contamination (2.94) is present
Note 1 to entry: There is no assumption in this definition that harms results from the presence of contamination.
2.94
contamination
substance(s) or agent(s) present in the soil as a result of human activity
[SOURCE: ISO 23611-6:2012, 3.2.4]
2.95
contaminant release assessment
assessment of the possibility and rate of contaminant release based on the contaminant characteristic
and the site characteristics
2.96
control soil
uncontaminated substrate or natural soil, used as a control and as medium for preparing dilution series
with test soils or chemicals, that allows the growth of healthy plants
Note 1 to entry: Either artificial or natural standard or reference soils can be used, if unhindered growth of the
test plants in these soils can be expected. In any case, differences in nutrient levels between a test soil and a
control soil can affect the dose (response pattern). For example, a control soil much richer in nutrients than a test
soil can result in a false-positive result (i.e. the test soil appears to have a "toxic" effect on the growth of the test
plants). If a control soil is poorer in nutrients than a test soil, hormesis can be expecte
...
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