SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
(Main)Soil quality - Vocabulary (ISO 11074:2015)
Soil quality - Vocabulary (ISO 11074:2015)
This International Standard defines a list of terms used in the field of soil quality. The terms are classified under several main headings: general terms - description of soil - sampling - terms related to the assessment of soils and remediation.
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Wörterbuch (ISO 11074:2015)
Qualité du sol - Vocabulaire (ISO 11074:2015)
L'ISO 11074:2015 définit une liste de termes utilisés lors de l'élaboration des normes dans le domaine de la qualité du sol. Ces termes sont classés selon les rubriques principales suivantes:
- termes et définitions généraux (termes relatifs au sol, aux matériaux du sol, aux terrains et aux sites);
- description du sol (caractéristiques du sol, eau du sol, propriétés du sol et des constituants, processus d'évolution du sol, contamination, pollution, teneur de fond);
- échantillonnage (termes généraux, types d'échantillon/type d'échantillonnage, phases d'échantillonnage, exécution de l'échantillonnage, échantillons de contrôle qualité, prétraitement des échantillons);
- termes et définitions relatifs à l'évaluation des sols (qualité, évaluation du sol et des sites eu égard au risque, à la dangerosité et à l'exposition, protection du sol);
- remédiation (termes généraux, principaux types de remédiation, méthodes de génie civil, méthodes de traitement technologiques);
- écotoxicologie du sol.
NOTE: En complément du texte rédigé dans les langues officielles de l'ISO (anglais, français), le présent document contient du texte en allemand; ce texte est publié sous la responsabilité du Comité membre allemand (DIN) et est donné uniquement pour information. Seul le texte rédigé dans les langues officielles peut être considéré comme étant un texte de l'ISO.
Kakovost tal - Slovar (ISO 11074:2015)
Ta mednarodni standard določa seznam izrazov, ki se uporabljajo na področju kakovosti tal. Izrazi so razvrščeni v več glavnih poglavij: splošni izrazi - opisi tal - vzorčenje - izrazi, povezani z oceno in sanacijo tal.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
01-september-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 11074:2006
SIST ISO 11074:2006/Cor 1:2006
Kakovost tal - Slovar (ISO 11074:2015)
Soil quality - Vocabulary (ISO 11074:2015)
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Wörterbuch (ISO 11074:2015)
Qualité du sol - Vocabulaire (ISO 11074:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 11074:2015
ICS:
01.040.13 Varstvo okolja in zdravja. Environment and health
Varnost (Slovarji) protection. Safety
(Vocabularies)
13.080.01 Kakovost tal in pedologija na Soil quality and pedology in
splošno general
SIST EN ISO 11074:2015 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 11074
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2015
ICS 01.040.13; 13.080.01
English Version
Soil quality - Vocabulary (ISO 11074:2015)
Qualité du sol - Vocabulaire (ISO 11074:2015) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Wörterbuch (ISO 11074:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 January 2015.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 11074:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
EN ISO 11074:2015 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
EN ISO 11074:2015 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 11074:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held
by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by December 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 11074:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11074:2015 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11074
NORME
Second edition
Deuxième édition
INTERNATIONALE 2015-05-01
Soil quality — Vocabulary
Qualité du sol — Vocabulaire
Bodenbeschaffenheit —Wörterbuch
Reference number
Numéro de référence
ISO 11074:2015(E/F)
©
ISO 2015
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
ISO 11074:2015(E/F)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
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© ISO 2015
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iiii © ISO 2015 – All rig© ISO 2015 – All rights rhts reserveserved/Ted/Tous drous droits roits réservéservésés
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
ISO 11074:2015(E/F)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 General terms and definitions . 1
2.1 Terms and definitions relating to soil . 1
2.2 Terms and definitions relating to soil materials . 4
2.3 Terms and definitions relating to land and sites . 5
3 Description of soil . 7
3.1 Soil characteristics . 7
3.2 Terms and definitions relating to soil water . 8
3.3 Terms and definitions relating to processes in soils . 9
3.4 Terms and definitions relating to contamination .12
3.5 Terms and definitions relating to background content .15
3.6 Terms and definitions relating to sampling gases .17
4 Sampling .18
4.1 General terms and definitions .18
4.2 Sample types/sampling type .22
4.3 Sampling stages .25
4.4 Execution of sampling .27
4.5 Quality control samples . .30
4.6 Sample pretreatment .32
4.7 Terms and definitions relating to geostatistics .32
5 Terms and definitions relating to the assessment of soils .33
5.1 Terms and definitions relating to quality .33
5.2 Terms and definitions relating to assessment of soil and sites with respect to risk, hazard,
and exposure.34
5.3 Terms and definitions relating to soil protection . .37
6 Remediation .37
6.1 General terms and definitions .37
6.2 Principal remediation types .40
6.3 Engineering-based methods .40
6.4 Process-based treatment methods .42
7 Soil ecotoxicology .47
7.1 Biodegradability .47
7.2 Soil fauna .49
7.3 Soil flora .50
7.4 Soil microorganisms .50
Annex A (informative) Relationships between sampling operations .53
Annex B (informative) Index .54
Bibliography .72
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés iii
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
ISO 11074:2015(E/F)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Evaluation
of criteria, terminology and codification.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11074:2005), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11074:2015(E/F)
Soil quality — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This International Standard defines a list of terms used in the preparation of the standards in the field
of soil quality.
The terms are classified under the following main headings:
— general terms (terms relating to soil, soil materials, land, and sites);
— description of soil (soil characteristics, soil water, properties of soils and substances, processes in
soil, contamination, pollution, background content);
— sampling (general terms, sample types/sampling type, sampling stages, execution of sampling,
quality control samples, sample pretreatment);
— terms relating to the assessment of soils (quality, assessment of soil and sites with respect to risk,
hazard and exposure, soil protection);
— remediation (general terms, principal remediation types, engineering-based methods, process-
based treatment methods);
— soil ecotoxicology.
NOTE See also the ISO online browsing platform (OBP): www.iso.org/obp/ui/
2 General terms and definitions
2.1 Terms and definitions relating to soil
2.1.1
aerobic
descriptive of a condition with molecular oxygen available
2.1.2
anaerobic
descriptive of a condition with no molecular oxygen available
2.1.3
available water capacity
soil water content usable by plants based on the effective root penetration depth
Note 1 to entry: The usable field capacity in the effective root zone is expressed in mm water column.
Note 2 to entry: The available water capacity (AWC) is generally taken to be the water content between field
capacity (FC) and the permanent wilting point (PWP) or 10 kilopascals to 1 500 kilopascals. See readily available
water capacity.
2.1.4
dissolved organic carbon
DOC
concentration of organic carbon remaining in solution after filtration and/or centrifugation under
defined conditions
3
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in mg/l, g/m .
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés 1
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
ISO 11074:2015(E/F)
2.1.5
field capacity
maximum water content expressed in percent (w/w or v/v) that an unsaturated soil can retain against
gravity under undisturbed soil conditions (conventionlly stated as water content two days to three days
after full saturation with water)
Note 1 to entry: Conventionally stated as water content 48 h after saturation under conditions of free drainage.
2.1.6
humus
total of all dead plant and animal substances and their organic transformation products, as well as
organic material inserted through anthropogenic activities appearing in and on mineral soil
Note 1 to entry: Living plants and soil organisms, as well as coal, are not counted among humus but are often
methodically not separatable.
2.1.7
organic carbon
summarizing parameter including all of the carbon forms for dissolved (DOC: dissolved organic carbon
– see 2.1.4) and total organic compounds (TOC: total organic carbon- see 2.1.22)
Note 1 to entry: Organic carbon is not synonymous with organic matter content (see 2.1.8).
2.1.8
organic matter
matter consisting of plant and/or animal organic materials, and the conversion products of those
materials
EXAMPLE Humus.
2.1.9
parent material
unweathered inorganic solid or unconsolidated rock from which soil developed or originated
Note 1 to entry: It can include material from alluvial, colluvial, and aeolian origins.
2.1.10
perched groundwater
groundwater above a non-saturated zone
2.1.11
soil
upper layer of the Earth’s crust transformed by weathering and physical/chemical and biological
processes and composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, air, and living organisms organized
in generic soil horizons
Note 1 to entry: In a broader civil engineering sense, soil includes topsoil and sub-soil; deposits such as clays, silts,
sands, gravels, cobbles, boulders, and organic matter and deposits such as peat; materials of human origin such as
wastes; ground gas and moisture; and living organisms.
2.1.12
soil characterization
determination of relevant physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil
2.1.13
soil gas
gas and vapour in the pore spaces of soils
2.1.14
soil pores
part of the soil volume, between the solid particles of the soil
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
ISO 11074:2015(E/F)
2.1.15
soil quality
all current positive or negative properties with regards to soil utilization and soil functions
2.1.16
soil reaction
characterizing property of the acid base state of soils, which is determined through hydrogen ion
concentration of a soil extraction performed under defined conditions
Note 1 to entry: The pH value is stated as negative 10-logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions and
expressed in moles/l in aqueous solution.
2.1.17
soil structure
arrangement of particles and organic matter to form aggregates which produce macro structures and
micro structures in the soil
2.1.18
soil texture
relative proportions of the various particle size fractions (i.e. sand, silt, clay) in a soil, according to a soil
classification system
2.1.19
standard soil
field-collected soil or manufactured soil whose main properties (e.g. pH, texture, organic matter content)
are within a known range
EXAMPLE Euro-soils, artificial soil, LUFA standard soil.
Note 1 to entry: The properties of standards soils might differ from the test soil.
2.1.20
subsoil
natural soil material below the topsoil and overlying the parent material
Note 1 to entry: All or much of the original rock structure has usually been obliterated by pedogenic processes.
2.1.21
topsoil
upper part of a natural soil that is generally dark coloured and has a higher content of organic matter
and nutrients when compared to the (mineral) horizons below, excluding the humus layer
Note 1 to entry: For arable land, topsoil refers to the ploughed soil depth, while for grassland; it is the soil layer
with high root content.
2.1.22
total organic carbon
TOC
all carbon present in organic matter
2.1.23
wilting point
water content of the soil below which the plants are not able to uptake water with their root system
Note 1 to entry: Permanent wilting point (PWP) is the moisture content below which a sunflower seedling cannot
recover from wilt. It is generally taken to equal a suction of 1 500 kilopascals.
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés 3
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
ISO 11074:2015(E/F)
2.2 Terms and definitions relating to soil materials
2.2.1
construction works
applications where soil materials are not required to have a direct productive use although they can
support other layers intended to have a productive use
[SOURCE: for example, earthworks (e.g. embankments), landscape engineering, road construction,
construction of waste disposal sites, and back filling of excavated sites or mines]
2.2.2
damaged land
degraded land
land which, due to natural processes or human activity, is no longer able to properly sustain an economic
function and/or the natural or near natural ecological function
2.2.3
degraded soil
soil whose natural properties and soil functions or productivity have been damaged by contamination
or physical or other processes
2.2.4
dredged material
material excavated during e.g. maintenance, construction, reconstruction, and extension measures
from waters
Note 1 to entry: Dredged material might consist of
— sediments or subhydric soils, and
— soils and their parent material beneath the surface water body.
2.2.5
earthwork
reuse of soil material for civil engineering and construction purposes
Note 1 to entry: The same word can also refer to the material accumulated during an operation of earthwork.
2.2.6
excavated soil
soil material extracted from the ground
EXAMPLE Topsoil, subsoil, altered parent rock, typically arising during construction works.
2.2.7
fill material
made ground
mixed natural soil materials (often displaced) and can contain wastes such as building rubble, timber,
and other wastes coming from urban and industrial sites
2.2.8
harm
measurable adverse effect on a receptor
2.2.9
manufactured soil
manufactured product intended to perform specified soil functions produced by blending combinations
of natural, waste, or other soil materials with the addition of nutrients or other additives, when necessary
2.2.10
natural soil material
material coming from soil that has been displaced
4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
ISO 11074:2015(E/F)
2.2.11
reclamation
rehabilitation
return of damaged, degraded, or derelict land to a beneficial use
Note 1 to entry: The term remediation is commonly reserved for the process of dealing with contaminated/polluted
sites.
2.2.12
reuse of soil material
useful and harmless utilization of soil materials
Note 1 to entry: Reuse can mean the transfer of soil materials to another location for use in agriculture, horticulture,
forestry, gardens, recreational areas, and construction sites.
2.2.13
sediment
solid material, both mineral and organic, that is in suspension or has been moved from its site of origin
by water or other processes
2.2.14
stockpile
temporary deposit of soil material
Note 1 to entry: Stockpiles can contain soil material.
Note 2 to entry: The soil material can be stored in a loosely dumped heap or can be lying in a predefined deposit
above or below the surface of the location, etc.
2.2.15
subhydric soils
soils formed below water or which are formed on parent material that was deposited in water or through
alluvial processes
2.2.16
treated soil
soil subject to a based ex situ or in situ process
2.2.17
treated soil material
material coming from treated soil and displaced and/or modified by human activity
2.3 Terms and definitions relating to land and sites
2.3.1
abandoned hazardous site
hazardous site left by the owner or other responsible party in unmanaged condition
2.3.2
abandoned industrial site
industrial site left by the owner or other responsible party in unmanaged condition
2.3.3
abandoned potentially hazardous site
abandoned site whose history leads to a suspicion that it can be hazardous
2.3.4
abandoned waste disposal site
waste disposal site left by the owner or other responsible party in unmanaged condition
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés 5
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
ISO 11074:2015(E/F)
2.3.5
contaminated site
site where contamination (2.3.6) is present
Note 1 to entry: There is no assumption in this definition that harms results from the presence of contamination.
2.3.6
contamination
substance(s) or agent(s) present in the soil as a result of human activity
[SOURCE: ISO 23611-6:2012, 3.2.4]
2.3.7
derelict site
site so damaged by human activity as to be incapable of beneficial use without treatment
Note 1 to entry: Damage can be to the aesthetic, physical, engineering, environmental, or contamination aspects
of the site.
2.3.8
donor site
site from which soil material is removed for use on a target site
2.3.9
hazardous site
site which, by reason of the substances or agents present, is judged to be hazardous to human health and
safety or to the environment
2.3.10
orphan site
site for which no owner or other responsible party for pollution can be identified
2.3.11
site
defined area
2.3.12
site characterization
collection of data connected to a site providing appropriate information for the assessment in question
Note 1 to entry: In connection with risk assessment, specifically the source identification and characterization
element of the exposure assessment.
2.3.13
suspect site
site whose history or any other information leads to a suspicion that it can be hazardous for human
health or environment
2.3.14
target site
site at which soil is to be reused
2.3.15
uniformly contaminated site
site with a generally uniform concentration of a hazardous substance
Note 1 to entry: The extent of the contamination is usually large and the gradient of concentration within the site
is rather shallow.
6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés
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SIST EN ISO 11074:2015
ISO 11074:2015(E/F)
3 Description of soil
3.1 Soil characteristics
3.1.1
bulk density
ratio of the mass of a quantity of material (or one phase) and the total volume occupied by this material
(including other phases)
Note 1 to entry: This is typically a volumetric mass but it is commonly named as “density”. The numerical values
−3
are identical or divided by the volumetric mass of water (1 t.m ) at 4 °C.
3.1.2
bulk volume
volume, including the solids and pores, of an arbitrary soil mass
3.1.3
clay content
proportion of soil particles with a particle size <2 µm
3.1.4
concentration
mass of test substance per unit mass of material
Note 1 to entry: Concentration is expressed as a mass fraction, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) of dry soil.
3.1.5
maximum particle size
D
95
particle size such as 5 % of the mass of the material correspond to particles having larger size
3.1.6
particle size distribution
distribution of the soil mineral particles according to predefined classes of size
3.1.7
porosity
volume of pores in a soil sample (non-solid volume) divided by the bulk volume of the sample
3.1.8
specific surface area
the surface area of the soil or a size fraction of the soil particles
Note 1 to entry: Surface area can be measured by a variety of means that might give differing results such as
1) ratio of surface area to mass of solid particles, and
2) ratio of surface area to volume of solid particles.
Note 2 to entry: Because both definitions are in use, this term is to always be defined explicitly wherever it is used.
3.1.9
water content
W
w
mass of water evaporating from the soil when dried to a constant mass at
105 °C, expressed as the mass of water divided by the o
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013
01-oktober-2013
Kakovost tal - Slovar (ISO/DIS 11074:2013)
Soil quality - Vocabulary (ISO/DIS 11074:2013)
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Wörterbuch (ISO/DIS 11074:2013)
Qualité du sol - Vocabulaire (ISO/DIS 11074:2013)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 11074
ICS:
01.040.13 Varstvo okolja in zdravja. Environment and health
Varnost (Slovarji) protection. Safety
(Vocabularies)
13.080.01 Kakovost tal in pedologija na Soil quality and pedology in
splošno general
oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 11074
PROJET DE NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO/DIS 11074
ISO/TC 190/SC 1 Secretariat/Secrétariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on/Début de vote Voting terminates on/Vote clos le
2013-09-26 2014-02-26
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Soil quality — Vocabulary
Qualité du sol — Vocabulaire
[Revision of first edition / Révision de la première édition (ISO 11074:2005) and / et
ISO/11074:2005/Cor.1:2006]
ICS 01.040.13; 13.080.01
Please see the administrative notes on page iv
Veuillez consulter les notes administratives en page iv
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee
secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at
publication stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
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RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
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© International Organization for Standardization, 2013
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013
ISO/DIS 11074
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT / DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
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ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013
ISO/DIS 11074
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and
processed under the ISO-lead mode of collaboration as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member bodies for a parallel
five-month enquiry.
Should this draft be accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be
submitted to a parallel two-month approval vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
Le présent projet a été élaboré dans le cadre de l'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO)
et soumis selon le mode de collaboration sous la direction de l'ISO, tel que défini dans l'Accord de
Vienne.
Le projet est par conséquent soumis en parallèle aux comités membres de l'ISO et aux comités
membres du CEN pour enquête de cinq mois.
En cas d'acceptation de ce projet, un projet final, établi sur la base des observations reçues, sera
soumis en parallèle à un vote d'approbation de deux mois au sein de l'ISO et à un vote formel au sein
du CEN.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013
ISO/DIS 11074
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 General terms and definitions . 2
2.1 Terms and definitions relating to soil . 2
2.2 Terms and definitions relating to soil materials . 5
2.3 Terms and definitions relating to land and sites . 7
3 Description of soil . 9
3.1 Soil characteristics . 9
3.2 Terms and definitions relating to soil water . 11
3.3 Terms and definitions relating to properties of soils and substances . 11
3.4 Terms and definitions relating to processes in soils . 13
3.5 Terms and definitions relating to contamination . 17
3.6 Terms and definitions relating to background content . 19
4 Sampling. 21
4.1 General terms and definitions . 21
4.2 Sample types/sampling type . 29
4.3 Sampling stages . 34
4.4 Execution of sampling . 38
4.5 Quality control samples . 43
4.6 Sample pre-treatment . 45
4.7 Terms and definitions relating to geostatistics . 46
5 Terms and definitions relating to the assessment of soils . 47
5.1 Terms and definitions relating to quality . 47
5.2 Terms and definitions relating to assessment of soil and sites with respect to risk, hazard
and exposure . 49
5.3 Terms and definitions relating to soil protection . 53
6 Remediation . 54
6.1 General terms and definitions . 54
6.2 Principal remediation types . 58
6.3 Engineering-based methods . 59
6.4 Process-based treatment methods . 61
7 Soil ecotoxicology . 69
7.1 Biodegradability . 69
7.2 Soil fauna. 70
7.3 Soil flora . 71
7.4 Soil micro-organisms . 73
Annex A (informative) Relationships between sampling operations . 76
Bibliography . 77
Index . 78
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013
ISO/DIS 11074
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 11074 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Evaluation
of criteria, terminology and codification.
This second/third/. edition cancels and replaces the first/second/. edition (), [clause(s) / subclause(s) /
table(s) / figure(s) / annex(es)] of which [has / have] been technically revised.
Annex A is informative.
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013
ISO/DIS 11074
Soil quality — Vocabulary
1 Scope 1 Domaine d'application
This standard defines a list of terms used in the La présente norme définit une liste de termes
preparation of the standards in the field of soil utilisés lors de la préparation de normes dans le
quality. domaine de la qualité du sol.
The terms are classified under the following main Ces termes sont classés selon les principales
headings : rubriques suivantes :
General terms (terms relating to soil, to soil termes généraux (termes relatifs au sol, aux
materials, to land and sites) matériaux du sol, aux terrains et aux sites)
Description of soil (soil characteristics, soil description du sol (caractéristiques du sol, eau
water, properties of soils and substances, du sol, propriétés des sols et des constituants,
processes in soil, contamination, background processus d'évolution du sol, pollution, teneur
content) de fond)
Sampling (general terms, sample échantillonnage (termes généraux, types
types/sampling type, sampling stages, d'échantillon/type d'échantillonnage, phases
execution of sampling, quality control samples, d'échantillonnage, exécution de
sample pre-treatment) l'échantillonnage, échantillons de contrôle
qualité, prétraitement des échantillons)
Terms relating to the assessment of soils
(quality, assessment of soil and sites with
termes relatifs à l'évaluation des sols (qualité,
respect to risk, hazard and exposure, soil évaluation du sol et des sites eu égard au
protection) risque, à la dangerosité et à l'exposition, et à
la protection du sol)
Remediation (general terms, principal
remediation types, engineering-based methods, remédiation (termes généraux, principaux
process-based treatment methods). types de remédiation, méthodes de génie civil,
méthodes de traitement technologiques).
Soil ecotoxicology
Ecotoxicologie du sol
Alphabetical index is provided.
Un index alphabétique est fourni.
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013
ISO/DIS 11074
2 General terms and definitions 2 Termes généraux et définitions
2.1 Termes et définitions relatifs aux sols
2.1 Terms and definitions relating to soil
2.1.1 2.1.1
aerobic aérobie
descriptive of a condition in which molecular oxygen description d'un état se caractérisant par une libre
is freely available disponibilité de l'oxygène moléculaire
[ISO 10381-6, 2.1] [ISO 10381-6, 2.1]
2.1.2 2.1.2
anaerobic anaérobie
descriptive of a condition in which molecular oxygen description d'un état se caractérisant par une
is not available. absence d'oxygène moléculaire
[ISO 10381-6, 2.2] [ISO 10381-6, 2.2]
2.1.3 2.1.3
available water capacity réserve utile en eau
soil water content usuable by plants, based on the quantité d'eau du sol utilisable par les plantes,
effective root penetration depth basée sur la profondeur de pénétration des racines
Note 1 to entry: The usable field capacity in the effective Note 1 à l'article : La réserve utile dans la zone efficace
root zone is expressed in mm water column des racines est exprimée en mm de colonne d’eau.
2.1.4 2.1.4
field capacity capacité au champ
maximum water content expressed in percent (w/w or
teneur en eau maximale, exprimée en pourcentage
v/v), that an unsaturated soil can retain against gravity
(m/m ou v/v), qu'un sol non saturé peut retenir
under undisturbed soil conditions (conventional stated as
contre l'entraînement par gravité, en conditions
water content 2 to 3 days after full saturation with water)
non perturbées (conventionnellement, cela
correspond à la teneur en eau du sol restant 2 à 3
jours après une période de saturation).
2.1.5 2.1.5
humus humus
totally of all dead herbal and animal substances and totalité des substances végétales et animales
their organic transformation products, as well as mortes, et les produits organiques de leur
organic material inserted through anthropogenic transformation, ainsi que les matériaux organiques
activities, appearing in and of mineral soil incorporés par l'activité humaine,
Note 1 to entry: Living plants and soil organisms as well
Note 1 à l'article : Les plantes et les organismes vivants
as coal are not counted among humus, but are often
du sol, ainsi que le charbon, ne font pas partie de
methodically not separatable.
l'humus bien qu'ils n'en soient souvent pas séparables.
2.1.6 2.1.6
organic carbon carbone organique
summarizing parameter including all of the carbon paramètre global incluant toutes les formes de
forms for dissolved (DOC : Dissolved Organic carbone organique dissous (COD: Carbone
Carbon) and total organic compounds (TOC : Total Organique Dissous) et de composés organiques
Organic Carbon) totaux (COT : Carbone Organique Total)
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013
ISO/DIS 11074
2.1.7 2.1.7
organic matter matière organique
matter consisting of plant and/or animal organic matière constituée de matériaux organiques à
materials, and the conversion products of those base de plantes ou d’animaux et de produits
materials, e.g. humus dérivés de ces matériaux, par exemple humus
2.1.8 2.1.8
parent material roche mère
unweathered inorganic solid or unconsolidated rock, formation rocheuse inorganique, non altérée ,
from which soil is developing or originated (C- solide ou meuble, à partir de laquelle le sol se
horizon) développe ou s'est formé (horizon C).
2.1.9 2.1.9
perched water nappe perchée
water table above a non saturated zone
nappe d'eau surmontant une zone non saturée.
2.1.10 2.1.10
soil sol
upper layer of the Earth’s crust transformed by couche supérieure de la croûte terrestre
weathering and physical/chemical and biological transformée par des processus climatiques,
processes. It is composed of mineral particles, physico-chimiques et biologiques. Elle est
organic matter, water, air and living organisms composée de particules minérales, de matière
organised in genetic soil horizons organique, d'eau, d'air et d'organismes vivants
organisés dans des horizons de sols génétiques
Note 1 to entry: In a broader civil engineering sense soil
includes topsoil and sub-soil; deposits such as clays, silts,
Note 1 à l'article : Dans un sens plus large utilisé en
sands, gravels, cobbles, boulders and organic deposits
génie civil, le terme ''sol'' inclut le sol superficiel et le
such as peat; and materials of natural origin or of human
sous-sol ; les dépôts tels que les argiles, limons, sables,
origin.
graviers, gravillons, pierres ainsi que les dépôts
organiques tels que la tourbe ; mais aussi les matériaux
d'origine naturelle ou d'origine anthropique.
2.1.11 2.1.11
soil characterisation caractérisation du sol
determination of relevant physical, chemical, and détermination des propriétés physiques, chimiques
biological properties of the soil et biologiques pertinentes du sol
2.1.12 2.1.12
soil gas gaz du sol
gas and vapour in the pore spaces of soils gaz et vapeur présents dans la porosité des sols
[ISO 10381-7, 3.18] [ISO 10381-7, 3.18]
2.1.13 2.1.13
soil pores spores du sol
part of the soil volume, between the solid particles espace vide entre les constituants solides du sol
of the soil
2.1.14 2.1.14
soil quality qualité du sol
all current positive or negative properties with toutes propriétés positives ou négatives par
regard to soil utilization and soil functions rapport à leur effet sur l’utilisation et les fonctions
du sol
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013
ISO/DIS 11074
2.1.15 2.1.15
soil reaction réaction du sol
characterising property of the acid base state of propriété caractérisant l'état acido-basique des
soils, which is determined through hydrogen ion sols à partir de la concentration en hydrogène
concentration of a soil extraction received under d'une solution d'extraction obtenue dans des
defined conditions conditions définies.
Note 1 to entry: The pH-value is stated as negative 10- Note 1 à l'article: La valeur du pH correspond au
logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions and cologarithme décimal de la concentration en ions
expressed in moles/l in aqueous solution. hydrogène d'une solution aqueuse, exprimée en moles/l.
2.1.16 2.1.16
soil structure structure du sol
the arrangement of particles which occur in a variety arrangement des particules qui présentent une
of recognised shapes and sizes variété de formes et de dimensions reconnues
2.1.17 2.1.17
standard soil sol standard
field-collected soil or artificial soil whose main sol prélevé sur le terrain ou sol artificiel dont les
properties (e.g. pH, texture, organic matter content) principales propriétés (par exemple pH, texture,
are within a known range teneur en matières organiques) se situent dans
une gamme connue
Example: Euro-soils, artificial soil, LUFA Standard soil
Exemple : Euro-Soils, sol artificiel, sol standard LUFA.
Note 1 to entry: The properties of standards soils may
Note 1 à l'article : Les propriétés des sols standards
differ from the test soil.
peuvent différer de celles du sol d’essai.
2.1.18 2.1.18
sub surface and deep (soil) horizons horizons sous-jacents et profonds
natural soil material below the topsoil and overlying matériau naturel du sol, sous-jacent à l'horizon
the parent material superficiel et surmontant la roche-mère
Note1 to entry: All or much of the original rock structure
Note 1 l'article : Une grande partie ou la totalité de la
has usually been obliterated by pedogenic processes.
structure rocheuse originelle a généralement été effacée
par les phénomènes pédogénétiques.
2.1.19 2.1.19
topsoil horizon(s) superficiel(s)
upper part of a natural soil that is generally dark partie supérieure d'un sol naturel, généralement de
coloured and has a higher content of organic matter couleur foncée et contenant plus de matières
and nutrients when compared to the (mineral) organiques et de nutriments que les horizons
horizons below excluding the humus layer sous-jacents en excluant les couches d’humus
Note 1 to entry: For arable land topsoil refers to the Note 1 à l'article : Pour les sols cultivés, l’horizon
ploughed soil depth, for grassland it is the soil layer with superficiel correspond à la profondeur de sol labouré,
high root content. pour les prairies, il s’agit de la couche de sol contenant
une quantité importante de racines.
2.1.20 2.1.20
wilting point point de flétrissement
water content of the soil below which the plants are humidité du sol en dessous de laquelle les plantes
not able to uptake water with their root system ne sont plus capables de prélever de l'eau par leur
système racinaire
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013
ISO/DIS 11074
2.2 Terms and definitions relating to soil 2.2 Termes et définitions relatifs aux
materials matériaux du sol
2.2.1 2.2.1
artificial soil sol artificiel
soils made with excavated soil material, dredged sols constitués par de la terre excavée, mélangés
materials, manufactured soils and treated soils and à des matériaux divers (des matériaux de dragage,
fill materials des matériaux artificiels, et des matériaux de sols
traités et de remblayage, etc)
Note 1 to entry: If the artificial soil is supposed to perform
specific functions, nutrients or other additives may be
Note 1 à l'article : Si le sol artificiel est sensé remplir des
added, if necessary.
fonctions déterminées, des nutriments ou autres additifs
peuvent y être ajoutés si nécessaire.
2.2.2 2.2.2
artificial soil material matériaux artificiels du sol
material coming from artificial soil matériaux provenant de sol artificiel
2.2.3 2.2.3
construction works chantiers
applications where soil materials are not required to applications pour lesquelles les matériaux du sol
have a direct productive use - although they may n'ont pas obligatoirement d'usage directement
support other layers intended to have a productive productif - bien qu'ils puissent servir de support à
use (earthworks (e.g. embankments), landscape des couches ayant un usage productif
engineering, road construction, construction of (terrassements (par exemple digues), travaux
waste disposal sites, and back filling of excavated paysagers, construction de route, construction de
sites or mines) décharges et remblais de sites excavés ou de
mines)
2.2.4 2.2.4
damaged land terrain endommagé
degraded land terrain dégradé
land which due to natural processes or human terrain que des processus naturels ou l'activité
activity is no longer able to properly sustain an humaine ont rendu incapable de continuer à
economic function and/or the natural or near-natural remplir de façon convenable une fonction
ecological function économique et/ou sa fonction naturelle ou une
fonction écologique quasi-naturelle
2.2.5 2.2.5
degraded soil sol dégradé
soil whose natural properties and soil functions or sol dont les propriétés naturelles et les fonctions
productivity have been damaged by contamination du sol ou les potentialités agronomiques ont été
or physical or other processes dégradées par une contamination, par des actions
physiques ou autres
2.2.6 2.2.6
dredged material matériau de dragage
material excavated during e.g. maintenance, matériau excavé pendant, par exemple, les
construction, reconstruction and extension travaux de maintenance, de construction, de
measures from waters reconstruction et d'extension des eaux
NOTE 1 to entry: Dredged material may consist of : NOTE 1 à l'article : Les matériaux de dragage peuvent
se composer de :
Sediments or subhydric soils
sédiments ou sols aquatiques
Soils and their parent material beneath the surface
sols et roches mères correspondantes situés en
water body.
dessous de la surface des eaux.
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oSIST prEN ISO 11074:2013
ISO/DIS 11074
2.2.7 2.2.7
earthwork terrassement
the reuse of soil material for civil engineering and réutilisation des matériaux du sol à des fins de
construction purposes génie civil et de construction
Note 1 à l'article : le même mot peut aussi désigner le
Note 1 to entry: The same word may also refer to the
matériau accumulé lors d'une opération de
material accumulated during an operation of earthwork.
terrassement.
2.2.8 2.2.8
excavated soil terre excavée
soil material extracted from the ground matériau extrait du sol
Examples: topsoil, subsoil, altered parent rock, Exemples : horizon superficiel, sous-sol, roche
typically arising during construction works mère altérée, généralement lors de chantiers.
2.2.9 2.2.9
fill material matériau de remblayage
made ground
mixed natural soil materials (often displaced) and mélange de terre naturelle (souvent déplacée) et
wastes such as building rubble, timber and other de déchets tels que pierraille, bois et autres
wastes coming from urban and industrial sites déchets provenant des sites industriels et urbains
2.2.10 2.2.10
natural soil material matériau naturel du sol
material coming from soil that has been displaced matériau provenant du sol qui a été déplacé
2.2.11 2.2.11
reclamation réhabilitation d'un terrain
rehabilitation
return of damaged, degraded or derelict land to a remise en état exploitable d'un terrain
beneficial use endommagé, dégradé ou d'un site dégradé
Note 1 to entry: The term remediation is commonly Note 1 à l'article : Le terme ''remédiation'' est
reserved to the process of dealing with communément attribué au procédé de traitement des
contaminated/polluted sites. sites contaminés/pollués.
2.2.12 2.2.12
reuse of soil material réutilisation de matériaux du sol
useful and harmless utilisation of soil materials utilisation sans risque et av
...
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