SIST EN 12680-3:2003
(Main)Founding - Ultrasonic examination - Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings
Founding - Ultrasonic examination - Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings
This part of this standard specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings for turbine components (with limited content of austenite) and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse echo technique. This part of this standard applies to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain refining treatment, and with wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
Gießereiwesen - Ultraschallprüfung - Teil 3: Gussstücke aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit
Fonderie - Contrôle par ultrasons - Partie 3: Pieces moulées en fonte a graphite sphéroidal
Livarstvo – Ultrazvočna preiskava – 3. del: Ulitki iz sive litine s kroglastim grafitom
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Gießereiwesen - Ultraschallprüfung - Teil 3: Gussstücke aus Gusseisen mit KugelgraphitFonderie - Contrôle par ultrasons - Partie 3: Pieces moulées en fonte a graphite sphéroidalFounding - Ultrasonic examination - Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings77.140.80Železni in jekleni ulitkiIron and steel castings77.040.20Neporušitveno preskušanje kovinNon-destructive testing of metalsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12680-3:2003SIST EN 12680-3:2003en01-november-2003SIST EN 12680-3:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 12680-3:2003
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12680-3January 2003ICS 77.040.20English versionFounding - Ultrasonic examination - Part 3: Spheroidal graphitecast iron castingsFonderie - Contrôle par ultrasons - Partie 3: Piècesmoulées en fonte à graphite sphéroïdalGießereiwesen - Ultraschallprüfung - Teil 3: Gussstückeaus Gusseisen mit KugelgraphitThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 November 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12680-3:2003 ESIST EN 12680-3:2003
EN 12680-3:2003 (E)2ContentspageForeword.31Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.44Requirements.54.1Order information.54.2Extent of examination.54.3Maximum permissible size of discontinuities.54.4Personnel qualification.54.5Wall section zones.55Test method.55.1Principles.55.2Material.55.3Equipment, coupling medium, calibration and sensitivity.65.4Preparation of casting surfaces for examination.85.5Examination procedure.85.6Examination report.10Bibliography.16SIST EN 12680-3:2003
EN 12680-3:2003 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 12680-3:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 190 "Foundry Technol-ogy", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by July 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byJuly 2003.Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 190/WG 4.10 "Inner defects"to prepare the following standard:EN 12680-3, Founding — Ultrasonic examination — Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings.This is one of three European Standards for ultrasonic examination. The other standards are:EN 12680-1, Founding — Ultrasonic examination — Part 1: Steel castings for general purposes.EN 12680-2, Founding — Ultrasonic examination — Part 2: Steel castings for highly stressed components.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following coun-tries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 12680-3:2003
EN 12680-3:2003 (E)41 ScopeThis European Standard specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic examination of spheroidal graphite cast ironcastings and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.This European Standard does not deal with the ultrasonic examination of the nodularity of spheroidal graphite castirons.This European Standard does not cover the transmission technique.NOTEThe transmission technique has insufficient sensitivity to detect the discontinuities found in spheroidal graphite castiron castings and is used in exceptional cases only.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 583-1, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 1: General principles.EN 583-2, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting.EN 583-3, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 3: Transmission technique.EN 583-5, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 5: Characterization and sizing of disconti-nuities.EN 1330-4, Non-destructive testing — Terminology — Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing.EN 12223, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Specification for calibration block No. 1.EN 12668-1, Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment —Part 1: Instruments.EN 12668-2, Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment —Part 2: Probes.EN 12668-3, Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment —Part 3: Combined equipment.EN 27963, Welds in steel — Calibration block No. 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds (ISO 7963:1985).NOTEInformative references to documents used in the preparation of this standard, and cited at the appropriate places inthe text, are listed in the bibliography.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1330-4 apply.SIST EN 12680-3:2003
EN 12680-3:2003 (E)54 Requirements4.1 Order informationThe following information shall be available at the time of enquiry and order (see also EN 583-1):¾ the areas of the casting and the number or percentage of castings to which the ultrasonic examination require-ments apply;¾ the severity levels in accordance with Tables 1 and 2 to be applied to the various areas of the casting;¾ requirements for a written examination procedure.4.2 Extent of examinationThe areas of the casting to be examined shall be agreed. This agreement shall state how these areas are to beexamined, i.e. point testing or scanning, and in which directions.NOTEThese areas should be preferably indicated on the casting drawing.For wall thicknesses outside of the range 10 mm to 500 mm, agreement shall be made between the parties con-cerned on the examination procedure and also on the recording and acceptance levels.4.3 Maximum permissible size of discontinuitiesUnless otherwise agreed between the parties concerned, the maximum permissible sizes of discontinuities shallnot exceed those of the severity level given in either Table 1 (shrinkage) and/or Table 2 (dross).4.4 Personnel qualificationIt is assumed that ultrasonic examination is performed by qualified and capable personnel. In order to prove thisqualification, it is recommended to certify personnel in accordance with EN 473.4.5 Wall section zonesThe wall section shall be divided into zones as shown in Figure 1.NOTEThese wall sections relate to the dimensions of the casting ready for assembly (finish machined).5 Test method5.1 PrinciplesThe principles given in EN 583-1, EN 583-2 and EN 583-3 shall apply.5.2 MaterialThe suitability of a material for ultrasonic examination is assessed by comparison with the echo height of a refer-ence reflector (usually the first back wall echo) and the noise signal. This assessment shall be carried out on se-lected casting areas which are representative of the surface finish and of the total thickness range. The assess-ment areas shall have parallel surfaces.The reference echo height shall be at least 6 dB above the noise signal.SIST EN 12680-3:2003
EN 12680-3:2003 (E)6If the echo height of this smallest detectable flat-bottomed or equivalent side-drilled hole diameter at the end of thetest range to be assessed is less than 6 dB above the grass level, then the ultrasonic testability is reduced. In thiscase, the flat-bottomed or side-drilled hole diameter which can be detected with a signal-noise ratio of at least 6 dBshall be noted in the examination report and the additional procedure shall be agreed between the manufacturerand the purchaser.NOTEIf a distance gain size diagram (DGS) is available, the suitability of castings for ultrasonic examination with normalprobes can be determined for example as follows: with the suppression switched off, the backwall echo is brought to any refer-ence level desired. The amplification according to the DGS diagram is then increased so that the echo signal height from thesubstitute reflector according to 5.3.5.3 reaches the reference level. If the amplification is further increased by 6 dB the back-ground noise level should not exceed the reference height. If necessary, a reference reflector can be used to determine thetesting suitability in areas without the backwall echo.5.3 Equipment, coupling medium, calibration and sensitivity5.3.1 Ultrasonic instrumentThe ultrasonic instrument shall meet the requirements given in EN 12668-1 and shall have the following character-istics:¾ range setting, from at least 10 mm to 2 m continuously selectable, for longitudinal and transverse wavestransmitted in steel;¾ gain, adjustable in 2 dB maximum steps over a range of at least 80 dB with a measuring accuracy of 1 dB;¾ time-base and vertical linearities less than 5 % of the adjustment range of the screen;¾ suitability at least for nominal frequencies from 0,5 MHz up to and including 5 MHz in pulse-echo techniquewith single-crystal and twin-crystal probes.5.3.2 Probes and transducer frequenciesThe probes and transducer frequencies shall be as given in EN 12668-2 and EN 12668-3 with the following excep-tions:¾ to cover the range of discontinuity types to be detected, the casting can be examined using compression-wavesingle-crystal or twin-crystal probes.NOTE 1Twin-crystal probes should be used for the examination of areas close to the test surface.¾ for special geometrical conditions, angle probes can be used up to a sound-beam path length of about100 mm, preferably with nominal angles between 45° and 70°.
The frequency value shall be selected to suitthe examination and shall be within the range 0,5 MHz to 5 MHz. Higher frequencies can be used for examin-ing wall thicknesses of less than 20 mm or areas close to the surface.NOTE 2For the detection of near-surface discontinuities, the use of twin-crystal and/or angle probes is recommended.NOTE 3Since sound travels at different velocities in steel and spheroidal graphite cast iron, the actual angle of refractiondeviates from the nominal angle of the probe for steel.If the sound velocity of spheroidal graphite cast iron is known, the angle of refraction of the probe can be deter-mined from the sound velocity according to Figure 2.Figure 3 shows how the angle of refraction can be determined to an accuracy sufficient for practical purposes us
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