SIST ISO 2846-4:2005
(Main)Graphic technology -- Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour-printing -- Part 4: Screen printing
Graphic technology -- Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour-printing -- Part 4: Screen printing
Technologie graphique -- Couleur et transparence des gammes d'encre d'impression en quadrichromie -- Partie 4: Sérigraphie
Grafična tehnologija - Barvni učinki in prozornost sklanih (procesnih) tiskarskih barv - 4. del: Sitotisk
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2846-4
First edition
2000-12-15
Graphic technology — Colour and
transparency of printing ink sets for
four-colour-printing —
Part 4:
Screen printing
Technologie graphique — Couleur et transparence des gammes d'encre
d'impression en quadrichromie —
Partie 4: Sérigraphie
Reference number
ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
©
ISO 2000
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2000
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 � CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Test method.2
4.1 Principle.2
4.2 Test print preparation.2
4.3 Colour measurement procedure .3
5 Colour and transparency .3
5.1 Conformance.3
5.2 Colorimetric values.3
5.3 Transparency characteristics.4
Annex A (normative) Reference substrate .5
Annex B (informative) Spectral data.6
Annex C (informative) Colorimetric values for non-normative conditions .9
Annex D (informative) Detailed explanation of test method, including examples .10
Bibliography.12
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 2846 may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 2846-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
ISO 2846 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of
printing ink sets for four-colour-printing:
� Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing
� Part 2: Coldset offset lithographic printing
� Part 3: Publication gravure printing
� Part 4: Screen printing
� Part 5: Flexographic printing
Annex A forms a normative part of this part of ISO 2846. Annexes B, C and D are for information only.
iv © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
Introduction
The demand for the screen printing process to become more consistent and predictable has required a means of
standardizing the product to ensure the easy flow of business between the various parties involved in its
production. An essential component in this process are the colorimetric characteristics of the ink set.
If a set of standard four-colour process inks suitable for screen printing is to be produced it is necessary to specify
a number of parameters. It is the purpose of this part of ISO 2846 to describe those parameters which affect the
colorimetric characteristics in such a manner that a standard set of inks can be supplied by any ink manufacturer to
any printer who can then supply prints to a Print Buyer with confidence in the colour of the work produced.
This part of ISO 2846 will allow screen printers to obtain different sets of inks which will produce a similar colour
when printed on the same substrate (paper, board, plastic or fabric etc.). In addition, it will allow colour separations
for screen printing to be based on known colour standards. The colorimetric characteristics specified may only be
obtained when the inks are printed on the reference substrate. However, similarity of two inks on a reference
substrate will ensure similarity on another substrate.
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of printing ink
sets for four-colour-printing —
Part 4:
Screen printing
1 Scope
This part of ISO 2846 specifies the colour and transparency to be produced by a process colour ink set, including
extender, intended for four-colour screen printing when printed under specified screen printing conditions. It also
describes the test method to ensure conformance. This part of ISO 2846 is applicable to screen inks for
conventional drying and for radiation curing.
This part of ISO 2846 does not specify pigments (or spectral reflectance) in order not to preclude developments
which may enable different pigment combinations to be used advantageously while still achieving the colorimetric
requirements specified in this part of ISO 2846.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 2846. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 2846 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 535:1991, Paper and board — Determination of water absorptiveness — Cobb method.
ISO 536:1995, Paper and board — Determination of grammage.
ISO 2144:1997, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 900 °C.
ISO 6588:1981, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of pH of aqueous extracts.
ISO 8254-1:1995, Paper and board — Measurement of specular gloss — Part 1: 75° gloss with a converging
beam, TAPPI method.
ISO 8791-4:1992, Paper and board — Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) — Part 4: Print-
surf method.
ISO 13655:1996, Graphic technology — Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic arts
images.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 2846, the following terms and definitions apply.
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
3.1
extension
addition of a transparent material (colorant-free ink) to the ink to reduce the pigment concentration without
significantly influencing the rheological properties of the ink
3.2
press-ready ink
ink that has all necessary components and is at press viscosity
3.3
transparency
ability of an ink film to transmit and absorb light without scattering
NOTE It is generally expressed as some measure of the unwanted scattering.
4 Test method
4.1 Principle
Each ink shall be printed on the reference substrate described in annex A at a range of colorations obtained by
varying the extension of the press-ready ink. The colours which result shall be measured colorimetrically and the
colour difference between the sample and the pertinent value in Table 1 shall be plotted versus the percentage of
press-ready ink. If one or more samples conform to the values and tolerances specified, and the ink, except black,
also meets the transparency criteria, that ink complies to this part of ISO 2846.
Transparency T shall be evaluated by printing or applying each of the chromatic process inks on a black substrate
at a range of ink extensions. The CIELAB colour difference �E* shall be determined for each sample, between
ab
the overprinted and unprinted black. The linear regression coefficient (slope of the regression line) between the
percentage by mass of press-ready ink in each of the extended ink samples being tested and colour difference
shall be calculated from a plot of �E* versus percentage press-ready ink over a range of extensions. An ink
ab
conforms to this requirement if the transparency T which is the reciprocal of the regression coefficient is negative or
greater than the value specified. For further details, see annex D.
4.2 Test print preparation
4.2.1 Prints for colorimetric evaluation
For each ink to be evaluated, prepare an extension series with 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 % and 100 % of press-
ready ink using extender diluted to press viscosity. Apply the series of extended inks to the reference substrate
specified in annex A with a method that produces an even ink film thickness. Examples are printing with a flat-bed
screen press or coating applicator. The wet ink film thickness used for the extension series shall be approximately
equal.
The method chosen shall produce a curve that shows a pronounced minimum or a data point which is in
conformance with Table 1 when �E* is plotted versus percentage of press-ready ink. If the extension series does
ab
not produce such a curve, produce another series of specimens with different ink film thicknesses. Produce a
higher ink film thickness if the colour difference decreases with increasing percentage of press-ready ink. Produce
a lower ink film thickness if the colour difference decreases with decreasing percentage of press-ready ink.
See annex D for further information.
4.2.2 Prints for transparency evaluation
Test prints for transparency evaluation shall be produced by printing or applying the inks to be tested over black.
The black shall have a lightness (L*) less than six when determined in accordance with ISO 13655.
2 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
1)
One appropriate substrate is the contrast card .
Prior to applying the chromatic ink the CIELAB-values of the black substrate are measured.
The ink to be tested shall then be applied on the substrate such that a range of samples is achieved, each with a
different percentage of press-ready ink.
4.2.3 Drying of test prints
Prior to colour measurement all samples shall be thoroughly dried using a method simulating the production
printing conditions.
4.3 Colour measurement procedure
Test prints shall be measured in accordance with ISO 13655, except that a substrate backing consisting of at least
three sheets of the unprinted reference substrate in accordance with annex A shall be used.
NOTE The samples are measured spectrally, with a 0°/45° or 45°/0° geometry instrument. Calculation of CIELAB values
and colour differences is performed in accordance with ISO 13655 using tristimulus values which are computed from the
spectral data using the CIE 1931 (2°) standard colorimetric observer data together with CIE illuminant D .
50
5 Colour and transparency
5.1 Conformance
For an ink to conform to this part of ISO 2846, it shall meet the specification for colour given in 5.2 at some
percentage of press-ready ink and the specification for transparency specified in 5.3.
5.2 Colorimetric values
To meet the specification for colour, an ink shall produce a colour that falls within the colour difference tolerances
from the specified colorimetric values given in Table 1, when printed as specified in 4.2.1 at some percentage of
press-ready ink.
NOTE 1 The aim values and tolerances given in Table 1 are consistent with those for offset printing, as defined in
ISO 2846-1, and may therefore only be strictly applicable to screen printing inks based on similar pigments. For some
appl
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 2846-4:2005
01-januar-2005
*UDILþQDWHKQRORJLMD%DUYQLXþLQNLLQSUR]RUQRVWVNODQLK SURFHVQLK WLVNDUVNLK
EDUYGHO 6LWRWLVN
Graphic technology -- Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour-printing
-- Part 4: Screen printing
Technologie graphique -- Couleur et transparence des gammes d'encre d'impression en
quadrichromie -- Partie 4: Sérigraphie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 2846-4:2000
ICS:
17.180.20 Barve in merjenje svetlobe Colours and measurement of
light
87.080 Barvila. Tiskarske barve Inks. Printing inks
SIST ISO 2846-4:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2846-4:2005
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2846-4:2005
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2846-4
First edition
2000-12-15
Graphic technology — Colour and
transparency of printing ink sets for
four-colour-printing —
Part 4:
Screen printing
Technologie graphique — Couleur et transparence des gammes d'encre
d'impression en quadrichromie —
Partie 4: Sérigraphie
Reference number
ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
©
ISO 2000
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2846-4:2005
ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2000
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 � CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2846-4:2005
ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Test method.2
4.1 Principle.2
4.2 Test print preparation.2
4.3 Colour measurement procedure .3
5 Colour and transparency .3
5.1 Conformance.3
5.2 Colorimetric values.3
5.3 Transparency characteristics.4
Annex A (normative) Reference substrate .5
Annex B (informative) Spectral data.6
Annex C (informative) Colorimetric values for non-normative conditions .9
Annex D (informative) Detailed explanation of test method, including examples .10
Bibliography.12
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2846-4:2005
ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 2846 may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 2846-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
ISO 2846 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of
printing ink sets for four-colour-printing:
� Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing
� Part 2: Coldset offset lithographic printing
� Part 3: Publication gravure printing
� Part 4: Screen printing
� Part 5: Flexographic printing
Annex A forms a normative part of this part of ISO 2846. Annexes B, C and D are for information only.
iv © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2846-4:2005
ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
Introduction
The demand for the screen printing process to become more consistent and predictable has required a means of
standardizing the product to ensure the easy flow of business between the various parties involved in its
production. An essential component in this process are the colorimetric characteristics of the ink set.
If a set of standard four-colour process inks suitable for screen printing is to be produced it is necessary to specify
a number of parameters. It is the purpose of this part of ISO 2846 to describe those parameters which affect the
colorimetric characteristics in such a manner that a standard set of inks can be supplied by any ink manufacturer to
any printer who can then supply prints to a Print Buyer with confidence in the colour of the work produced.
This part of ISO 2846 will allow screen printers to obtain different sets of inks which will produce a similar colour
when printed on the same substrate (paper, board, plastic or fabric etc.). In addition, it will allow colour separations
for screen printing to be based on known colour standards. The colorimetric characteristics specified may only be
obtained when the inks are printed on the reference substrate. However, similarity of two inks on a reference
substrate will ensure similarity on another substrate.
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2846-4:2005
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2846-4:2005
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of printing ink
sets for four-colour-printing —
Part 4:
Screen printing
1 Scope
This part of ISO 2846 specifies the colour and transparency to be produced by a process colour ink set, including
extender, intended for four-colour screen printing when printed under specified screen printing conditions. It also
describes the test method to ensure conformance. This part of ISO 2846 is applicable to screen inks for
conventional drying and for radiation curing.
This part of ISO 2846 does not specify pigments (or spectral reflectance) in order not to preclude developments
which may enable different pigment combinations to be used advantageously while still achieving the colorimetric
requirements specified in this part of ISO 2846.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 2846. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 2846 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 535:1991, Paper and board — Determination of water absorptiveness — Cobb method.
ISO 536:1995, Paper and board — Determination of grammage.
ISO 2144:1997, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 900 °C.
ISO 6588:1981, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of pH of aqueous extracts.
ISO 8254-1:1995, Paper and board — Measurement of specular gloss — Part 1: 75° gloss with a converging
beam, TAPPI method.
ISO 8791-4:1992, Paper and board — Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) — Part 4: Print-
surf method.
ISO 13655:1996, Graphic technology — Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic arts
images.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 2846, the following terms and definitions apply.
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2846-4:2005
ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
3.1
extension
addition of a transparent material (colorant-free ink) to the ink to reduce the pigment concentration without
significantly influencing the rheological properties of the ink
3.2
press-ready ink
ink that has all necessary components and is at press viscosity
3.3
transparency
ability of an ink film to transmit and absorb light without scattering
NOTE It is generally expressed as some measure of the unwanted scattering.
4 Test method
4.1 Principle
Each ink shall be printed on the reference substrate described in annex A at a range of colorations obtained by
varying the extension of the press-ready ink. The colours which result shall be measured colorimetrically and the
colour difference between the sample and the pertinent value in Table 1 shall be plotted versus the percentage of
press-ready ink. If one or more samples conform to the values and tolerances specified, and the ink, except black,
also meets the transparency criteria, that ink complies to this part of ISO 2846.
Transparency T shall be evaluated by printing or applying each of the chromatic process inks on a black substrate
at a range of ink extensions. The CIELAB colour difference �E* shall be determined for each sample, between
ab
the overprinted and unprinted black. The linear regression coefficient (slope of the regression line) between the
percentage by mass of press-ready ink in each of the extended ink samples being tested and colour difference
shall be calculated from a plot of �E* versus percentage press-ready ink over a range of extensions. An ink
ab
conforms to this requirement if the transparency T which is the reciprocal of the regression coefficient is negative or
greater than the value specified. For further details, see annex D.
4.2 Test print preparation
4.2.1 Prints for colorimetric evaluation
For each ink to be evaluated, prepare an extension series with 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 % and 100 % of press-
ready ink using extender diluted to press viscosity. Apply the series of extended inks to the reference substrate
specified in annex A with a method that produces an even ink film thickness. Examples are printing with a flat-bed
screen press or coating applicator. The wet ink film thickness used for the extension series shall be approximately
equal.
The method chosen shall produce a curve that shows a pronounced minimum or a data point which is in
conformance with Table 1 when �E* is plotted versus percentage of press-ready ink. If the extension series does
ab
not produce such a curve, produce another series of specimens with different ink film thicknesses. Produce a
higher ink film thickness if the colour difference decreases with increasing percentage of press-ready ink. Produce
a lower ink film thickness if the colour difference decreases with decreasing percentage of press-ready ink.
See annex D for further information.
4.2.2 Prints for transparency evaluation
Test prints for transparency evaluation shall be produced by printing or applying the inks to be tested over black.
The black shall have a lightness (L*) less than six when determined in accordance with ISO 13655.
2 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2846-4:2005
ISO 2846-4:2000(E)
1)
One appropriate substrate is the contrast card .
Prior to applying the chromatic ink the CIELAB-values of the black substrate are measured.
The ink to be tested shall then be applied on the substrate such that a range of samples is achieved, each with a
different percentage of press-ready ink.
4.2.3 Drying of test prints
Prior to colour measurement all samples shall be thoroughly dried using a method simulating the production
printing conditions.
4.3 Colour measurement procedure
Test prints shall be measured in accordance with ISO 13655, except that a substrate backing consisting of at least
three sheets of the unprinted reference substrate in accordance with annex A shall be used.
NOTE The samples are measured spectrally, with a 0°/45° or 45°/0° geometry instrument. Calculation of CIELAB values
and colour differences is performed in accordance with ISO 13655 using tristimulus values which are computed from the
spectral data using the CIE 1931 (2°) standard colorimetric observer data together with CIE illuminant D .
50
5 Colour and transparency
5.1 Conformance
For an ink to conform to this part of ISO 2846, it shall meet the specification for colour given in 5.2 at some
percentage of press-ready ink and the specification for transparency
...
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