SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015

Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-6: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - EMC-antenna calibration

This part of CISPR 16 provides procedures and supporting information for the calibration of
antennas for determining antenna factors (AF) that are applicable to antennas intended for
use in radiated disturbance measurements.
It has the status of a basic EMC Standard in accordance with IEC Guide 107, Electromagnetic
compatibility – Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility publications.
The AF of an antenna is influenced by nearby surroundings and by its position in space
relative to the radiating source. This standard focuses on antenna calibrations that provide
the AF in a free-space environment in the direction of the boresight of the antenna. The
frequency range addressed is 9 kHz to 18 GHz. The relevant antenna types covered in this
standard are monopole, loop, dipole, biconical, log-periodic dipole-array (LPDA), hybrid and
horn antennas.
Guidance is also provided on measurement uncertainties associated with each calibration
method and configuration, and the test instrumentation used.

Anforderungen an Geräte und Einrichtungen sowie Festlegung der Verfahren zur Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit - Teil 1-6: Geräte und Einrichtungen zur Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit - Kalibrierung von Antennen für EMV-Messungen

Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Partie 1-6: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Étalonnage des antennes CEM

Specifikacija za merilne naprave in metode za merjenje radijskih motenj in odpornosti - 1-6. del: Merilne naprave za merjenje radijskih motenj in odpornosti - Umerjanje EMC antene

Ta del standarda CISPR 16 določa postopke in podporne informacije za umerjanje anten za določanje antenskih dejavnikov (AF), ki veljajo za antene, namenjene uporabi pri merjenju sevanih motenj.
Ima status osnovnega standarda o elektromagnetni združljivosti (EMC) v skladu z vodilom IEC Guide 107 Electromagnetic compatibility – Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility publications (Elektromagnetna združljivost – Vodilo za pripravo osnutkov publikacij o elektromagnetni združljivosti). Na merjenje antenskih dejavnikov antene vpliva bližnje okolje in njen položaj v prostoru glede na vir sevanja. Ta standard se osredotoča na umerjanja antene, ki zagotavljajo antenske dejavnike na prostem v smeri glavne smeri snopa antene. Zajeti frekvenčni razpon je od 9 kHz do 18 GHz. Ustrezne vrste anten, zajete v tem standardu, so monopol, okvirna antena, dipol, dvostožčna antena, logaritemska periodična dipolska antena (LPDA), hibridna in lijakasta antena.
Določene so tudi smernice za merilne negotovosti, povezane z vsako metodo umerjanja in konfiguracijo, ter uporabljene preskusne instrumente.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 17-Mar-2015
• ICS: 17.220.20 - Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities
• ICS: 33.100.20 - Immunity
• Technical Committee: EMC - Electromagnetic compatibility
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 09-Mar-2015
• Due Date: 14-May-2015
• Completion Date: 18-Mar-2015
• Directive: 2004/108/EU - DIRECTIVE 2004/108/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 December 2004 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility and repealing Directive 89/336/EEC
• Ref Project: EN 55016-1-6:2015 - Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-6: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - EMC antenna calibration

Relations

• Amended By: SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015/A2:2022 - Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-6: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring appratus - EMC antenna calibration
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2022
• Amended By: SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015/A1:2017 - Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-6: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - EMC antenna calibration
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015
01-april-2015
Specifikacija za merilne naprave in metode za merjenje radijskih motenj in
odpornosti - 1-6. del: Merilne naprave za merjenje radijskih motenj in odpornosti -
Umerjanje EMC antene
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 1-6: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - EMC-antenna
calibration
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Partie 1-6:
Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux
perturbations radioélectriques - Étalonnage des antennes CEM
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 55016-1-6:2015
ICS:
17.220.20 0HUMHQMHHOHNWULþQLKLQ Measurement of electrical
PDJQHWQLKYHOLþLQ and magnetic quantities
33.100.20 Imunost Immunity
SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015

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SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015


EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 55016-1-6

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2015
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20

English Version
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods -
Part 1-6: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus -
EMC antenna calibration
(CISPR 16-1-6:2014)
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure Anforderungen an Geräte und Einrichtungen sowie
des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux Festlegung der Verfahren zur Messung der hochfrequenten
perturbations radioélectriques - Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit -
Partie 1-6: Appareils de mesure des perturbations Teil 1-6: Geräte und Einrichtungen zur Messung der
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und
radioélectriques - Étalonnage des antennes CEM Störfestigkeit - Kalibrierung von Antennen für EMV-
(CISPR 16-1-6:2014) Messungen
(CISPR 16-1-6:2014)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2015-01-21. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.


European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
 Ref. No. EN 55016-1-6:2015 E

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SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015
EN 55016-1-6:2015 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document CISPR/A/1087/FDIS, future edition 1 of CISPR 16-1-6, prepared by
CISPR SC A “Radiointerference measurements and statistical methods" was submitted to the
IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 55016-1-6:2015.

The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2015-10-21
• latest date by which the document has to be
implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2018-01-21
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.

Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard CISPR 16-1-6:2014 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:

CISPR 16-1-1:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN 55016-1-1:2010 (not modified).
CISPR 16-2-3:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN 55016-2-3:2010 (not modified).
CISPR 16-4-2:2011 NOTE Harmonized as EN 55016-4-2:2011 (not modified).
CISPR 25:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN 55025:2008 (not modified).
IEC 61000-4-22:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61000-4-22:2010 (not modified).
IEC 61169-16:2006 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61169-16:2007 (not modified).
ISO/IEC 17043:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO/IEC 17043:2010 (not modified).

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SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015
- 3 - EN 55016-1-6:2015
Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.

NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

CISPR 16-1-4 2010 Specification for radio disturbance EN 55016-1-4 2010
and immunity measuring apparatus
+A1 2012 +A1 2012
and methods -
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Antennas
and test sites for radiated disturbance
measurements
Specification for radio
CISPR 16-1-5 2014 EN 55016-1-5 2015
disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods -
Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Antenna calibration
sites and reference test sites
for 5 MHz to 18 GHz
IEC 60050-161 -  International Electrotechnical - -
Vocabulary (IEV) -
Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 2008 Uncertainty of measurement - - -
Part 3: Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)

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SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015

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SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015




CISPR 16-1-6

®


Edition 1.0 2014-12




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME



INTERNATIONALE
colour

inside



INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE


COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES


BASIC EMC PUBLICATION

PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM





Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and

methods –

Part 1-6: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – EMC antenna

calibration




Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations

radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –

Partie 1-6: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de


l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Étalonnage des antennes CEM






INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE

PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE

CODE PRIX XH


ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-1931-7



Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015
– 2 – CISPR 16-1-6:2014 © IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 10
1 Scope . 12
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 13
3.1 Terms and definitions . 13
3.1.1 Antenna terms . 13
3.1.2 Antenna factor terms . 16
3.1.3 Measurement site terms . 17
3.1.4 Other terms . 18
3.2 Abbreviations . 19
4 Fundamental concepts . 20
4.1 General . 20
4.2 The concept of antenna factor . 20
4.3 Calibration methods for 30 MHz and above . 21
4.3.1 General . 21
4.3.2 Antenna minimum separation distances . 21
4.3.3 General considerations for the TAM . 21
4.3.4 General considerations for the SSM. 21
4.3.5 General considerations for the SAM. 22
4.4 Measurement uncertainties for antenna calibration measurement results . 22
4.5 Summary of methods of measurement to obtain AF . 23
5 Calibration methods for the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 25
5.1 Calibration of monopole antennas . 25
5.1.1 General . 25
5.1.2 Calibration by the ECSM . 26
5.2 Calibration of loop antennas . 32
5.2.1 General . 32
5.2.2 TEM (Crawford) cell method . 32
6 Frequencies, equipment and functional checks for calibrations at or above 30 MHz . 35
6.1 Calibration frequencies . 35
6.1.1 Calibration frequency ranges and increments . 35
6.1.2 Transition frequency for hybrid antennas . 36
6.2 Measurement instrumentation requirements for antenna calibrations . 37
6.2.1 Equipment types . 37
6.2.2 Mismatch . 38
6.2.3 Dynamic range and reproducibility of SIL measurement . 40
6.2.4 Signal-to-noise ratio . 40
6.2.5 Antenna masts and cables . 41
6.3 Functional checks of an AUC . 41
6.3.1 General . 41
6.3.2 Balance of an antenna . 41
6.3.3 Cross-polar performance of an antenna . 41
6.3.4 Radiation patterns of an antenna . 42
7 Basic parameters and equations common to antenna calibration methods for
frequencies above 30 MHz . 43
7.1 Summary of methods for measurements to obtain AF . 43

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SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015
CISPR 16-1-6:2014 © IEC 2014 – 3 –
7.2 Site insertion loss measurements . 43
7.2.1 General . 43
7.2.2 SIL and SA measurement procedure. 43
7.2.3 Common uncertainty components of a SIL measurement . 44
7.3 Basic equations for the calculation of AF from SIL and SA measurements . 46
7.3.1 Antenna factor from SIL measurements . 46
7.3.2 Relationship of AF and SIL for a free-space calibration site . 46
7.3.3 Relationship of AF and SIL for a calibration site with a metal ground
plane . 47
7.4 Equations for AF and measurement uncertainties using the TAM, SSM, and
SAM . 48
7.4.1 TAM . 48
7.4.2 SSM . 53
7.4.3 SAM . 55
7.5 Parameters for specifying antenna phase centre and position . 57
7.5.1 General . 57
7.5.2 Reference position and phase centres of LPDA and hybrid antennas . 58
7.5.3 Phase centres of horn antennas . 61
8 Details for TAM, SAM, and SSM calibration methods for frequencies of 30 MHz
and above . 63
8.1 General . 63
8.2 Considerations for F calibrations using TAM . 63
a
8.2.1 General considerations . 63
8.2.2 Calibration site and antenna set-up considerations for use with the TAM . 63
8.2.3 Antenna parameters for a free-space environment or a ground plane
site . 65
8.2.4 Validation of calibration method . 66
8.3 Considerations for F calibrations using the SAM . 66
a
8.3.1 General considerations and calibration site for use of the SAM . 66
8.3.2 Calibration procedures and antenna set-ups for F by the SAM . 67
a
8.3.3 Parameters of the STA . 67
8.4 SSM calibrations at a ground-plane site, 30 MHz to 1 GHz . 68
8.4.1 General considerations and calibration site for SSM . 68
8.4.2 Calibration procedure for SSM . 69
8.4.3 Calculation of F . 69
a
8.4.4 Uncertainties of F obtained using SSM . 70
a
9 Calibration procedures for specific antenna types for frequencies of 30 MHz and
above . 71
9.1 General . 71
9.2 Calibrations for biconical and hybrid antennas in a free-space environment
for 30 MHz to 300 MHz, and tuned dipoles for 60 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 71
9.2.1 General considerations and calibration site requirements . 71
9.2.2 Calibration procedure and antenna set-up for use with the SAM . 71
9.2.3 Uncertainties of F determined by the SAM . 72
a
9.2.4 Antenna set-up for use with the TAM (alternative) . 74
9.3 Calibration of biconical (30 MHz to 300 MHz) and hybrid antennas, using
the SAM and VP at a ground plane site . 74
9.3.1 General considerations and calibration site requirements . 74
9.3.2 Calibration procedure and antenna set-up . 75
9.3.3 Uncertainties of F determined with the SAM. 76
a

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SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015
– 4 – CISPR 16-1-6:2014 © IEC 2014
9.4 Calibration of LPDA, hybrid, and horn antennas in a free-space environment,
200 MHz to 18 GHz . 77
9.4.1 General considerations and calibration site for a free-space
environment . 77
9.4.2 Calibrations using the TAM . 79
9.4.3 Antenna set-up for use with the SAM . 80
9.4.4 Alternative antenna set-up for site with absorber on the ground . 80
9.5 Calibration of horn and LPDA antennas in a FAR, 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 81
9.5.1 Calibration using the TAM . 81
9.5.2 Calibration and antenna set-up for the SAM . 84
Annex A (informative) Background information and rationale for the methods of
antenna calibration . 85
A.1 Rationale for the need for several calibration methods and for use of a
ground plane site . 85
A.2 Special measures for calibration of omnidirectional antennas. 86
A.2.1 General . 86
A.2.2 Difficulties with calibration of omnidirectional antennas . 87
A.2.3 Minimizing reflections from antenna supports and radiation from cables . 87
A.2.4 Field taper and monocone set-up for VP biconical calibration . 88
A.2.5 Use of HP or VP in a FAR . 89
A.2.6 Substitution where the STA is the same model as the AUC . 89
A.3 Calibrations using broadband calculable dipole antennas . 89
A.3.1 Disadvantages of tuned dipole antennas . 89
A.3.2 Advantages of broadband calculable dipole antennas . 90
A.3.3 Disadvantages of calculable dipole antennas . 90
A.4 Rationale for F and biconical/LPDA antenna cross-over frequency . 90
a
A.4.1 Rationale for F . 90
a
A.4.2 Cross-over frequency from biconical to LPDA antennas . 91
A.4.3 Biconical element designs . 91
A.5 Sources of increased uncertainty in measurement of F by the SSM. 92
a
A.6 Calibration of LPDA antennas using smaller separation distances . 94
A.6.1 Calibration of LPDA antennas using smaller separation distances . 94
A.6.2 Correction of electric field strength to account for phase centre of LPDA

antennas . 95
A.7 Cross-polar discrimination of LPDA antennas . 96
A.8 Tips for measurement instrumentation . 97
A.8.1 Signal-to-noise ratio . 97
A.8.2 Connector pin depth . 99
A.8.3 Effect of added adaptor in a “cable-through” measurement . 99
A.8.4 Compression level . 100
A.8.5 Source power slope function above 6 GHz . 100
A.8.6 Frequency increment for detection of resonances . 100
A.8.7 Return loss or VSWR . 100
A.9 Uncertainty considerations . 101
A.9.1 General . 101
A.9.2 Achievable uncertainties for F . 101
a
A.9.3 Uncertainties of dipoles above a ground plane . 101
A.9.4 Verification of uncertainty by comparison of methods . 102
Annex B (normative) Calibration of biconical antennas and tuned dipole antennas
above a ground plane using the TAM and the SAM . 103

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SIST EN 55016-1-6:2015
CISPR 16-1-6:2014 © IEC 2014 – 5 –
B.1 General . 103
B.2 Characteristics of biconical antennas and dipole antennas . 103
B.3 Frequencies . 103
B.4 Measurement of F (h,p) of biconical and tuned dipole antennas and
a
derivation of F by averaging F (h,p), 30 MHz to 300 MHz . 104
a a
B.4.1 General . 104
B.4.2 Measurement of F (h,H) by the SAM and derivation of F . 104
a a
B.4.3 Measurement of F (h,H) by the TAM and derivation of F . 107
a a
B.5 Measurement of F of tuned dipoles placed high above a ground plane in
a
the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz. 109
B.5.1 General . 109
B.5.2 Measurement of F by the SAM . 109
a
B.5.3 Measurement of F by the TAM . 111
a
Annex C (informative) Rationale for the equations used in antenna calibration and
relevant information about antenna characteristics for uncertainty analysis in the
frequency range 30 MHz to 1 GHz . 113
C.1 General . 113
C.2 Antenna factor and antenna gain . 113
C.2.1 Relationship between AF and gain for antennas in a free-space
environment . 113
C.2.2 Relationship between AF and gain for monopole antennas on a large
ground plane . 115
C.3 Equations for the insertion loss between antennas . 115
C.3.1 Site insertion loss measured at a free-space calibration site . 115
C.3.2 Site insertion loss measured at a metal ground plane site . 117
C.3.3 Site attenuation measured at a metal ground plane site . 119
C.4 Uncertainty contribution caused by near-field effects . 120
C.5 Uncertainty contribution due to the antenna proximity coupling . 121
C.6 Uncertainty contribution due to the ground plane reflection . 123
C.6.1 Coupling to image in ground plane . 123
C.6.2 Correction factors ΔF for F of biconical antenna . 127
a,SSM a
C.7 Uncertainty contribution due to the antenna radiation pattern . 128
C.7.1 General . 128
C.7.2 Biconical antennas . 129
C.7.3 LPDA antennas. 129
C.7.4 Hybrid antennas . 130
C.7.5 Horn and LPDA antennas from 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 131
Annex D (informative) Background information and rationale for calibration of
antennas at frequencies above 1 GHz. 134
D.1 Mismatch uncertainty . 134
D.2 Mutual coupling between antennas and chamber reflection . 134
D.3 Antenna separation distance and phase centre . 134
D.4 Example gain of DRH at 1 m distance . 136
Annex E (informative) Notes for measurement uncertainty budgets . 138
E.1 General . 138
E.2 Notes for measurement uncertainty budgets . 138
Annex F (informative) Mismatch uncertainties from a two-port device connected
between a transmit port and a receive port . 147
Annex G (informative) Verification method for calibration of monopole antennas and
uncertainty analysis of the ECS
...