SIST-TP CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-13:2021

Space Engineering - Thermal design handbook - Part 13: Fluid Loops

Fluid loops are used to control the temperature of sensitive components in spacecraft systems in order to ensure that they can function correctly.
While there are several methods for thermal control (such as passive thermal insulations, thermoelectric devices, phase change materials, heat pipes and short-term discharge systems), fluid loops have a specific application area.
This Part 13 provides a detailed description of fluid loop systems for use in spacecraft.
The Thermal design handbook is published in 16 Parts:
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 1A    Thermal design handbook – Part 1: View factors
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 2A    Thermal design handbook – Part 2: Holes, Grooves and Cavities
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 3A    Thermal design handbook – Part 3: Spacecraft Surface Temperature
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 4A    Thermal design handbook – Part 4: Conductive Heat Transfer
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 5A    Thermal design handbook – Part 5: Structural Materials: Metallic and Composite
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 6A    Thermal design handbook – Part 6: Thermal Control Surfaces
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 7A    Thermal design handbook – Part 7: Insulations
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 8A    Thermal design handbook – Part 8: Heat Pipes
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 9A    Thermal design handbook – Part 9: Radiators
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 10A    Thermal design handbook – Part 10: Phase – Change Capacitors
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 11A    Thermal design handbook – Part 11: Electrical Heating
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 12A    Thermal design handbook – Part 12: Louvers
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 13A    Thermal design handbook – Part 13: Fluid Loops
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 14A    Thermal design handbook – Part 14: Cryogenic Cooling
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 15A    Thermal design handbook – Part 15: Existing Satellites
TR 17603-31-01-31-01 Part 16A    Thermal design handbook – Part 16: Thermal Protection System

Raumfahrttechnik - Handbuch für thermisches Design - Teil 13: Fluidschleifen

Ingénierie spatiale - Manuel de conception thermique - Partie 13: Boucles fluides

Vesoljska tehnika - Priročnik o toplotni zasnovi - 13. del: Fluidne zanke

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 26-May-2021
• Publication Date: 23-Aug-2021
• ICS: 49.140 - Space systems and operations
• Technical Committee: I13 - Imaginarni 13
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 19-Aug-2021
• Due Date: 24-Oct-2021
• Completion Date: 24-Aug-2021
• Mandate: M/496 - Mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI to develop standardisation regarding space industry (Phase 3 of the process)
• Ref Project: CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-13:2021 - Space Engineering - Thermal design handbook - Part 13: Fluid Loops

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2021
Vesoljska tehnika - Priročnik o toplotni zasnovi - 13. del: Fluidne zanke
Space Engineering - Thermal design handbook - Part 13: Fluid Loops
Raumfahrttechnik - Handbuch für thermisches Design - Teil 13: Fluidschleifen
Ingénierie spatiale - Manuel de conception thermique - Partie 13: Boucles fluides
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-13:2021
ICS:
49.140 Vesoljski sistemi in operacije Space systems and
operations
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
August 2021
ICS 49.140
English version
Space Engineering - Thermal design handbook - Part 13:
Fluid Loops
Ingénierie spatiale - Manuel de conception thermique - Raumfahrttechnik - Handbuch für thermisches Design -
Partie 13 : Boucles fluides Teil 13: Flüssigkeitskreisläufe

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 28 June 2021. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/CLC/JTC 5.

CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means Ref. No. CEN/CLC/TR 17603-31-13:2021 E
reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
Table of contents
European Foreword . 29
1 Scope . 30
2 References . 31
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 32
3.1 Terms and definitions . 32
3.2 Abbreviated terms. 32
3.3 Symbols . 34
4 General introduction . 46
4.1 Fluid loops . 47
4.2 Comparison between fluid loops and alternative systems . 48
4.2.1 Passive thermal insulations . 48
4.2.2 Thermoelectric devices . 48
4.2.3 Phase change materials (pcm) . 49
4.2.4 Heat pipes . 50
4.2.5 Short-term discharge systems . 50
5 Analysis of a fluid loop . 52
5.1 General . 52
5.2 Thermal performance . 53
5.3 Power requirements . 56
6 Thermal analysis . 58
6.1 General . 58
6.2 Analytical background . 58
6.2.1 Heat transfer coefficient . 58
6.2.2 Dimensionless groups . 60
6.2.3 Simplifying assumptions . 61
6.2.4 Temperature-dependence of fluid properties . 61
6.2.5 Laminar versus turbulent fluid flow . 63
6.2.6 Heat transfer to internal flows . 63
6.2.7 Heat transfer to external flows . 65
6.3 Thermal performance data . 67
6.3.1 Heat transfer to internal flow . 67
6.3.2 Heat transfer to external flows . 83
7 Frictional analysis . 92
7.1 General . 92
7.2 Analytical background . 92
7.2.1 Introduction . 92
7.2.2 Fully developed flow in straight pipes . 93
7.2.3 Temperature-dependence of fluid properties . 97
7.2.4 Several definitions of pressure loss coefficient . 98
7.2.5 Entrance effects . 100
7.2.6 Interferences and networks . 101
7.2.7 Flow chart . 102
7.3 Pressure loss data . 105
7.3.1 Straight pipes . 105
7.3.2 Bends. 106
7.3.3 Sudden changes of area . 113
7.3.4 Orifices and diaphragms . 116
7.3.5 Screens . 119
7.3.6 Valves . 120
7.3.7 Tube banks . 121
7.3.8 Branching of tubes . 124
8 Combined thermal and frictional analysis . 125
8.1 General . 125
8.2 Analogies between momentum and heat transfer . 125
8.2.1 The Reynolds analogy . 125
8.2.2 The Prandtl analogy . 128
8.2.3 The Von Karman analogy. 129
8.2.4 Other analogies . 129
9 Heat transfer enhancement . 130
9.1 General . 130
9.1.1 Basic augmentation mechanisms . 131
9.1.2 Criterion for the evaluation of the several techniques . 132
9.1.3 Index of the compiled data. . 133
9.1.4 Validity of the empirical correlations . 133
9.2 Single-phase forced convection data . 136
10 Working fluids . 170
10.1 General . 170
10.2 Cooling effectiveness of a fluid . 170
10.2.1 Simplified fluid loop configuration . 172
10.2.2 Thermal performance of the simplified loop . 172
10.2.3 Power requirements of the simplified loop . 173
10.2.4 Several examples . 173
10.3 Properties of liquid coolants . 178
10.4 Properties of dry air . 212
11 Heat exchangers . 214
11.1 General . 214
11.2 Basic analysis . 217
11.2.1 Introduction . 217
11.2.2 Analytical background . 218
11.2.3 Exchanger performance . 221
11.3 Exchanging surface geometries . 236
11.3.1 Tubular surfaces . 237
11.3.2 Plate-fin surfaces . 240
11.3.3 Finned tubes . 246
11.3.4 Matrix surfaces . 248
11.4 Deviations from basic analysis . 249
11.4.1 Introduction . 249
11.4.2 Longitudinal heat conduction . 250
11.4.3 Flow maldistribution . 253
11.5 Manufacturing defects . 263
11.5.1 Introduction . 263
11.5.2 Variations of the flow passages . 263
11.5.3 Fin leading edge imperfections. 267
11.5.4 Brazing . 267
11.6 In service degradation . 271
11.6.1 Introduction . 271
11.6.2 Fouling . 271
11.7 Existing systems . 274
12 Pumps . 283
12.1 General . 283
12.2 Specified speed . 287
12.3 Net suction energy . 289
12.4 Requirements for spaceborne pumps . 290
12.5 Commercially available pumps . 291
12.6 European pump manufacturers. 297
13 System optimization .
...