SIST EN 13230-1:2009
(Main)Railway applications - Track - Concrete sleepers and bearers - Part 1: General requirements
Railway applications - Track - Concrete sleepers and bearers - Part 1: General requirements
This part of EN 13230 defines technical criteria and control procedures, which have to be satisfied by the constituent materials and the finished concrete sleepers and bearers, i.e.: precast concrete sleepers, bearers for switches and crossings, and special elements for railway tracks.
The main requirement of concrete sleepers and bearers is the transmission of vertical lateral and longitudinal loads from the rails to the ballast or other support. In use they are also exposed to moisture, which can result in detrimental chemical reactions within the sleeper and to frost damage.
In this standard mechanical tests are defined which provide assurance of the capability of sleepers or bearers to resist repetitive loading and provide sufficient durability. In addition controls are placed on the manufacturing process and tests set out which will ensure that the concrete will not suffer degradation in service through chemical reaction and frost damage.
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus Beton - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Dieser Teil der EN 13230 legt die technischen Kriterien und Kontrollverfahren fest, denen die Baustoffe und
Fertigerzeugnisse, wie z. B. aus Beton gefertigte Gleis- und Weichenschwellen und spezielle Schwellen
(Sonderformen) für Eisenbahngleise, genügen müssen.
Die Hauptaufgabe von Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus Beton ist die Übertragung vertikaler und horizontaler
Lasten von den Schienen auf den Schotter oder eine andere Tragschicht. Während des Einsatzes sind sie
auch der Feuchtigkeit ausgesetzt, die zu schädlichen chemischen Reaktionen und zu Frostschäden führen
kann.
In dieser Norm werden mechanische Prüfungen festgelegt, die die Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit
von Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus Beton gegenüber wiederholten Belastungen sicherstellen. Zusätzliche
Kontrollen sind für das Herstellungsverfahren erforderlich und Versuche sind durchzuführen, um sicherzustellen,
dass der Beton im Laufe der Nutzung keine Schädigung durch chemische Reaktionen und Frost
erfährt.
Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Traverses et supports en béton - Partie 1 : Prescriptions générales
Cette partie de cette Norme européenne définit les criteres techniques et les procédures de contrôle auxquels doivent satisfaire les matériaux constitutifs et les produits finis en béton, c'est-a-dire les traverses en béton préfabriqué, les supports pour les appareils de voie, ainsi que les supports particuliers destinés aux voies ferrées.
La principale prescription relative aux traverses et supports en béton concerne la transmission des charges verticales, latérales et longitudinales depuis les rails jusqu’au ballast ou a tout autre support. Lors de l’utilisation ils sont aussi exposés a l’humidité qui peut conduire a des détériorations par réactions chimiques au sein de la traverse et causer des dommages dus au gel.
Dans cette norme, des essais mécaniques sont définis pour fournir l’assurance que les traverses et supports ont la capacité de résister a des charges répétitives et ont une durabilité suffisante. De plus, des contrôles sont mis en place dans le processus de fabrication et des essais sont requis pour s’assurer que le béton ne subira pas de dégradation en service due a des réactions chimiques ou au gel.
Železniške naprave - Zgornji ustroj - Betonski pragi in kretniški betonski pragi - 1. del: Splošne zahteve
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Železniške naprave - Zgornji ustroj - Betonski pragi in kretniški betonski pragi - 1. del: Splošne zahteveBahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus Beton - Teil 1: Allgemeine AnforderungenApplications ferroviaires - Voie - Traverses et supports en béton - Partie 1 : Prescriptions généralesRailway applications - Track - Concrete sleepers and bearers - Part 1: General requirements91.100.30Beton in betonski izdelkiConcrete and concrete products45.080Rails and railway componentsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13230-1:2009SIST EN 13230-1:2009en,de01-september-2009SIST EN 13230-1:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13230-1:2004/AC:2006SIST EN 13230-1:20041DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13230-1:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13230-1June 2009ICS 91.100.30; 93.100Supersedes EN 13230-1:2002
English VersionRailway applications - Track - Concrete sleepers and bearers -Part 1: General requirementsApplications ferroviaires - Voie - Traverses et supports enbéton - Partie 1 : Prescriptions généralesBahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Gleis- undWeichenschwellen aus Beton - Teil 1: AllgemeineAnforderungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 May 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels© 2009 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13230-1:2009: ESIST EN 13230-1:2009
EN 13230-1:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4Introduction .51Scope .62Normative references .63Terms and definitions .74Common characteristics .84.1General .84.2Loading .94.2.1Loads .94.2.2Load distribution.94.3Design bending moments .94.3.1General .94.3.2Bending moments at rail seat .94.3.3Bending moments at the centre part . 104.4Data to be supplied . 104.4.1General . 104.4.2Data to be supplied by the purchaser. 104.4.3Data to be supplied by the supplier . 115Materials . 115.1General requirements . 115.2Cement . 125.3Aggregates . 125.4Mixing water . 135.5Admixtures . 135.6Concrete . 135.7Steel . 145.7.1Prestressing tendons . 145.7.2Reinforcing steel . 145.7.3Steel connecting bar . 145.8Embedded components . 146General requirements . 146.1Design . 146.1.1Geometrical design. 146.1.2Concrete cover . 176.1.3Prestressing system design . 176.1.4Reinforcing steel design . 176.2Manufacturing process . 176.2.1General requirements . 176.2.2Natural curing . 186.2.3Accelerated curing. 186.3Surface finish . 206.4Marking . 207Product testing . 207.1General . 207.2Mechanical parameters . 217.3Tests on product . 217.4Tests on concrete . 227.5Tests in combination with the fastening system . 22SIST EN 13230-1:2009
EN 13230-1:2009 (E) 3 7.6Additional tests . 228Quality control . 228.1General . 228.2Quality control during design approval tests . 238.3Quality control during manufacturing . 23Annex A (informative)
Test method to determine the Taber Wear index for a fine aggregate . 24A.1General . 24A.2Apparatus . 24A.3Preparation of Mortar Tiles . 24A.3.1Sampling. 24A.3.2Mortar Tile preparation . 24A.3.3Mortar Tile curing . 25A.3.4Grinding of Mortar Tiles . 25A.4Test procedure . 25A.5Calculation of Taber Wear Index . 25Annex B (informative)
Test method for freeze-thaw resistance . 26Annex C (informative)
Test method for measuring the water absorption of concrete at atmospheric pressure . 27C.1Introduction . 27C.2Samples . 27C.3Sequence of test . 27C.4Requirements . 28Annex D (informative)
Definition and recommendation for measurement of rail seat inclination and twist between rail seats . 29Annex E (informative)
Bending moment calculation . 30Annex F (informative)
Surface finish . 31F.1General . 31F.2General information for surface finish . 31F.3Surface finish of the rail seat . 31F.4Surface finish of all other surfaces . 32F.5Detailed procedure for remedial work . 32Annex G (informative)
Quality control during manufacturing – Routine tests and frequency of testing . 33G.1General . 33G.2Data of the sleeper to be checked . 33G.3Examples for frequency of testing . 34Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC . 35Bibliography . 39 SIST EN 13230-1:2009
EN 13230-1:2009 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13230-1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13230-1:2002. This European Standard is one of the series EN 13230 "Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers", which consist of the following parts: Part 1: General requirements Part 2: Prestressed monoblock sleepers Part 3: Twin-block reinforced sleepers Part 4: Prestressed bearers for switches and crossings Part 5: Special elements This EN is used as the technical basis for transaction between corresponding parties (purchaser – supplier). Annexes A to G are informative; they can be used as normative requirements by completion of a contract, if agreed by the contractors. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EC Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13230-1:2009
EN 13230-1:2009 (E) 5 Introduction This part of the standard covers the general requirements for concrete sleepers and bearers and is used in conjunction with the following parts: Part 2: Prestressed monoblock sleepers Part 3: Twin-block reinforced sleepers Part 4: Prestressed concrete bearers for switches and crossings Part 5: Special elements Concrete sleepers and bearers are safety critical components for railway applications. They are not covered by any other standards. As safety critical components, an agreement is needed between purchaser and supplier to operate a factory Quality System. This position has always been highlighted by resolutions from CEN/TC 256/SC 1 "Railway applications / Track". SIST EN 13230-1:2009
EN 13230-1:2009 (E) 6 1 Scope This part of EN 13230 defines technical criteria and control procedures which have to be satisfied by the constituent materials and the finished concrete sleepers and bearers, i.e.: precast concrete sleepers, bearers for switches and crossings, and special elements for railway tracks. The main requirement of concrete sleepers and bearers is the transmission of vertical, lateral and longitudinal loads from the rails to the ballast or other support. In use they are also exposed to frost damage and to moisture, which can result in detrimental chemical reactions within the sleeper. In this standard mechanical tests are defined which provide assurance of the capability of sleepers or bearers to resist repetitive loading and provide sufficient durability. In addition controls are placed on manufacturing processes and tests to ensure that the concrete will not suffer degradation in service through chemical reaction and frost damage. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1, Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements EN 206-1, Concrete – Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 2: Concrete admixtures – Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling EN 1008, Mixing water for concrete – Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete – Weldable reinforcing steel – General prEN 10138 (all parts), Prestressing steels EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete EN 13146-5, Railway applications – Track – Test methods for fastening systems – Part 5: Determination of electrical resistance EN 13230-2:2009, Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers – Part 2: Prestressed monobloc sleepers EN 13230-3:2009, Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers – Part 3: Twin-block reinforced sleepers EN 13230-4:2009, Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers – Part 4: Prestressed bearers for switches and crossings EN 13481-2, Railway applications –Track – Performance requirements for fastening systems – Part 2: Fastening systems for concrete sleepers SIST EN 13230-1:2009
EN 13230-1:2009 (E) 7 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European standard, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 purchaser body responsible for purchasing the product on the user’s behalf 3.2 supplier body responsible for the use of the EN in response to the purchaser’s requirement. The supplier is also responsible for requirements, which apply to the producer or manufacturer 3.3 sleepers transverse components of the track which control the gauge and transmits loads from the rail to the ballast or other sleeper support 3.4 concrete bearers for switches and crossings transverse components of switches and crossings which control the relative geometry of two or more stretches of running rails and different pieces of special track work, and transmits loads from the rails to the ballast or other bearer support 3.5 bending moment moment applied on the concrete sleeper or bearer which produces tension and compression in the element 3.6 positive bending moment moment which produces tension or reduces compression at the bottom of the concrete sleeper or bearer 3.7 negative bending moment moment which produces tension or reduces compression at the top of the concrete sleeper or bearer 3.8 rail seat area on which a running rail rests 3.9 rail seat area rail seat and the immediate area around the fastening system 3.10 rail seat bending moment moment under the centre line of the rail 3.11 centre bending moment moment at the centre part of a monoblock sleeper 3.12 prestressed monoblock sleeper monoblock sleeper using pre-tensioned or post-tensioned tendons for prestressing the concrete SIST EN 13230-1:2009
EN 13230-1:2009 (E) 8 3.13 twin-block reinforced sleeper sleeper in which two reinforced concrete blocks are connected by a steel connecting bar 3.14 prestressed concrete bearer monoblock bearer using pre-tensioned or post-tensioned tendons for prestressing the concrete 3.15 test load load applied during testing 3.16 crack partial split in concrete due to an external bending moment 3.17 crack under loading crack measured during a test with an external bending moment applied 3.18 residual crack crack measured during a test after an external bending moment has been applied and remove 3.19 positive design bending moment for rail seat section (Mdr) positive moment used to calculate test loads for rail seat section and used as design criteria for the concrete sleeper and bearer (unit: kNm) 3.20 negative design bending moment for rail seat section (Mdrn) negative moment used to calculate test loads for rail seat section and used as design criteria for the concrete sleeper and bearer (unit: kNm) 3.21 negative design bending moment for centre part (Mdcn) negative moment used to calculate test loads for centre part (when necessary) and used as design criteria for the concrete sleeper and bearer (unit: kNm) 3.22 positive design bending moment for centre part (Mdc) positive moment used to calculate test loads for centre part (when necessary) and used as design criteria for the concrete sleeper and bearer (unit: kNm) 3.23 minimum cover minimum cover given by the design nominal cover reduced by the tolerance; construction tolerances do not apply to the anchorage system of prestressed sleepers, in which case only apply the ordinary construction tolerances indicated by the manufacturer 4 Common characteristics 4.1 General The track is an assembly of transverse concrete sleepers or bearers secured to the rails by means of a fastening system and supported by ballast or other support. It is characterised by the gauge of the track, the rail profile, the inclination of the rails and the spacing of the concrete sleepers and bearers. SIST EN 13230-1:2009
EN 13230-1:2009 (E) 9 4.2 Loading 4.2.1 Loads The track is subjected to repeated loads in three different directions, generally applied simultaneously: a) vertical loads depending on support conditions; b) transverse loads from guiding forces, transverse resistance, etc.; c) longitudinal loads from acceleration and braking, thermal stresses in continuous welded rail, etc. Under all loading conditions the track has to retain its geometry including gauge, top, level and alignment. The design load is calculated by applying a dynamic coefficient to the static wheel load. The dynamic coefficient takes into account the normal dynamic effects of wheel and track irregularities. The relationship between bending moments and loads is the responsibility of the purchaser 4.2.2 Load distribution The assembled rail, fastening system and concrete sleepers and bearers on ballast or other support shall be considered as a beam on a continuous resilient support. The moment of inertia of the rail profile, the spacing of the concrete sleepers and bearers and the elasticity of the whole assembly on its support, have an influence on the longitudinal distribution of the vertical loads applied on the rail. As a result, the load applied on the concrete element is only a proportion of the design load. 4.3 Design bending moments 4.3.1 General The design bending moments are defined in kNm by the concrete sleeper and bearer design criteria and are used to calculate test loads. Information regarding the bending moment calculation is given in Annex E. 4.3.2 Bending moments at rail seat 4.3.2.1 Positive bending moment at rail seat (Mdr) Wheel loads generate positive bending moments under the rail seat. The required flexural strength under the rail seat is derived from the bending moment induced by the design load. When subjected to the design bending moment, there shall be no first crack at the tensile face of the concrete sleeper or bearer which is stated in 7.2. The second stage of the bending moment to be defined is the exceptional loading bending moment due to exceptional and random impact loads and is calculated by multiplying the design bending moment (Mdr) by coefficient (k1). Any crack produced by this bending moment shall close upon removal of the bending moment. Exceptional bending moments occur only a few times in the lifetime of a concrete sleeper and bearer. The purchaser shall state the coefficient (k1) to be applied to the design bending moment. SIST EN 13230-1:2009
EN 13230-1:2009 (E) 10 The third stage of the bending moment is the ultimate bending moment due to accidental impacts, calculated by multiplying the design bending moment (Mdr) by coefficient (k2). The purchaser shall state the coefficient (k2) to be applied to the design bending moment. The values of k1 and k2 also depend on the characteristics of the fastening system. Impact coefficients k1 and k2 are defined as k1d and k2d for dynamic tests, or k1s and k2s when used for static tests. The purchaser shall specify the design bending moment at the rail seat section (Mdr). 4.3.2.2 Negative bending moment at rail seat (Mdrn) Negative bending moments under the rail seat can arise from vertical movement of the track, harmonic motion from rail corrugation and curving forces of the sleeper under dynamic loading and handling during trackworks. If required, the purchaser shall specify the design negative bending moment at the rail seat. 4.3.3 Bending moments at the centre part 4.3.3.1 Positive bending moment at the centre part (Mdc) The purchaser shall specify the design bending moment at the centre part (Mdc). 4.3.3.2 Negative bending moment at the centre part (Mdcn) Negative bending moments at the centre part can arise from ballast support close to the centre. The purchaser shall specify the design bending moment at the centre part (Mdcn). 4.4 Data to be supplied 4.4.1 General The purchaser can require all the data from the supplier before the design approval tests 4.4.2 Data to be supplied by the purchaser The purchaser shall specify the following data: a) all design bending moments (Mdr, Mdc, Mdcn) and when required (Mdrn); b) impact coefficients (k1d ) and (k2d), and when required (k1s) and (k2s); c) required tests and choice of options (see for example Annexes A, B, C); d) drawings and specifications necessary to define: 1) critical dimensions (length – width – depth at rail seat – etc.); 2) fastening system interface and geometric lay-out (see 6.1); 3) particular tolerances (see 6.1, Table 1); 4) conductor rail insulator supports; SIST EN 13230-1:2009
EN 13230-1:2009 (E) 11 5) scope of the test arrangements and procedures indicating whether the options are used. e) absolute maximum and minimum weight of the concrete sleeper and bearer (kg/sleeper or kg/m); f) any additional technical specification, e.g. electrical insulation; g) rail profile definition; h) minimum strength class of concrete (optional). 4.4.3 Data to be supplied by the supplier 4.4.3.1 Before the design approval tests a) Detailed drawings of the concrete sleeper and bearer; b) Characteristics of materials; c) Description of manufacturing process. d) Description of the prestress anchoring system (if any) for prestressed sleepers and bearers: 1) for bonded anchoring systems, the adherence specification of
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.