oSIST prEN 13084-1:2023
(Main)Free-standing chimneys - Part 1: General requirements
Free-standing chimneys - Part 1: General requirements
This document deals with the general requirements and the basic performance criteria for the design and construction of all types of structurally independent chimneys including their liners.
This document also applies to chimneys connected to buildings when at least one of the following criteria is met:
- the distance between the lateral guides is more than 4 m;
- the free-standing height above the uppermost structural support attachment is more than 3 m;
- the free-standing height above the uppermost structural support attachment for chimneys with rectangular cross section is more than five times the smallest external dimension.
Structurally independent chimneys take into account in their design: operational conditions and other actions to verify mechanical resistance and stability and safety in use. Detailed requirements relating to specialized designs are given in the standards for concrete chimneys, steel chimneys and their liners, as well as masts construction with satellite components.
In other parts of the EN 13084 series, rules will be given where system chimney products in accordance with EN 1443 (and the relating product standards) are used in structurally independent chimneys.
This document does not cover the design and construction of connecting flue pipes.
Freistehende Schornsteine - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Dieses Dokument behandelt die allgemeinen Anforderungen und die Grundkriterien für Entwurf, Berechnung und Konstruktion aller Arten von freistehenden Abgasanlagen, einschließlich deren Innenrohre.
Dieses Dokument ist auch anwendbar auf mit Gebäuden verbundene Schornsteine, wenn mindestens eines der folgenden Kriterien erfüllt wird:
- der Abstand zwischen den seitlichen Führungen ist größer als 4 m;
- die freistehende Höhe über der obersten statisch wirksamen Abstützung ist größer als 3 m;
- die freistehende Höhe über der obersten statisch wirksamen Abstützung bei Schornsteinen mit einem rechtwinkligen Querschnitt beträgt mehr als das Fünffache des kleinsten Außenmaßes.
Bei der Bemessung von freistehenden Abgasanlagen werden die Betriebsbedingungen und sonstige Einwirkungen berücksichtigt, um die mechanische Festigkeit, Standsicherheit und Nutzungssicherheit nachzuweisen. Detaillierte Anforderungen bezüglich der einzelnen Konstruktionsarten werden in den Normen für Betonschornsteine, Stahlschornsteine und deren Innenrohre sowie Tragmastkonstruktionen mit angehängten Abgasanlagen gegeben.
Regeln für die Verwendung von System-Abgasanlagenprodukten nach EN 1443 (und der damit verbundenen Produktnormen) in freistehenden Abgasanlagen werden in anderen Teilen von EN 13084 angegeben.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anwendbar auf die Bemessung und Konstruktion von Verbindungsstücken.
Cheminées autoportantes - Partie 1 : Exigences générales
Le présent document traite des exigences générales et des critères de performances fondamentaux concernant la conception et la réalisation de tous les types de cheminées autoportantes, y compris leur conduit intérieur.
Le présent document s’applique également aux cheminées attachées aux bâtiments lorsqu’au moins l’un des critères suivants est respecté :
- la distance entre les guides latéraux est supérieure à 4 m ;
- la hauteur autoportante au-dessus de la fixation la plus haute des supports à la structure est supérieure à 3 m ;
- la hauteur libre au-dessus de la fixation la plus haute des supports à la structure pour les conduits de fumée avec section rectangulaire est supérieure à cinq fois la plus petite dimension extérieure.
La conception des cheminées autoportantes tient compte de ce qui suit : les conditions d’opération et d’autres effets pour vérifier la résistance mécanique, la stabilité et la sécurité d’utilisation. Des exigences détaillées relatives aux conceptions particulières sont fournies dans les normes pour cheminées en béton, cheminées en acier et conduits intérieurs, ainsi que pour conception des mâts intégrant des conduits systèmes métalliques.
D’autres parties de la série de normes EN 13084 énoncent des règles selon lesquelles des produits de conduits de fumée conformément à l’EN 1443 (et aux normes de produits associées) sont utilisés dans des cheminées autoportantes.
Le présent document ne couvre pas la conception et la construction des conduits de raccordement.
Prostostoječi dimniki - 1. del: Splošne zahteve
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13084-1:2023
01-september-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 13084-1:2007
Prostostoječi dimniki - 1. del: Splošne zahteve
Free-standing chimneys - Part 1: General requirements
Freistehende Schornsteine - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Cheminées autoportantes - Partie 1 : Exigences générales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13084-1
ICS:
91.060.40 Dimniki, jaški, kanali Chimneys, shafts, ducts
oSIST prEN 13084-1:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 13084-1:2023
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oSIST prEN 13084-1:2023
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13084-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2023
ICS 91.060.40 Will supersede EN 13084-1:2007
English Version
Free-standing chimneys - Part 1: General requirements
Cheminées auto-portantes - Partie 1 : Exigences Freistehende Schornsteine - Teil 1: Allgemeine
générales Anforderungen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 297.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13084-1:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 13084-1:2023
prEN 13084-1:2023 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
3.1 General terms . 6
3.2 Terms for chimney parts . 7
3.3 Terms for operation . 8
4 Performance requirements; general design . 9
4.1 Materials. 9
4.2 Flue gas considerations . 9
4.2.1 General . 9
4.2.2 Design parameters . 9
4.2.3 Heat flow calculations .10
4.2.4 Flow calculations .13
4.2.5 Chemical attack .13
4.3 Environmental aspects .16
4.3.1 Pollutants dispersion.16
4.3.2 Noise .16
4.3.3 Temperature .16
4.3.4 Fire .16
4.3.5 Gas tightness .17
4.4 Connecting flue pipe.17
4.5 Insulation .17
4.6 Ventilation .18
4.7 Protective coatings .18
4.8 Foundation .19
4.9 Accessories .19
4.9.1 Access .19
4.9.2 Lightning protection .20
4.9.3 Aircraft warning system .20
4.9.4 Additional accessories .20
5 Performance requirements: Structural design .21
5.1 Basic design principles .21
5.2 Actions.22
5.2.1 General .22
5.2.2 Permanent actions .22
5.2.3 Variable actions .22
5.2.4 Accidental actions .24
5.3 Imperfections .25
5.4 Foundation .25
5.5 Liner .25
6 Site activities .25
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7 Lifetime management, monitoring, inspection, maintenance, cleaning, repair and
remedial work including the reporting; operations and actions required . 25
8 Instrumentation . 25
Annex A (normative) Gas flow calculation . 27
A.1 Principal features of the method of calculation . 27
A.2 Parameters related to construction type . 27
A.2.1 Roughness . 27
A.2.2 Thermal resistance . 27
A.3 Basic values for the calculation . 28
A.3.1 Air temperature . 28
A.3.2 Outside air pressure . 28
A.3.3 Flue gas . 28
A.3.4 Gas constant . 29
A.3.5 Density of outside air . 30
A.3.6 Specific heat capacity . 30
A.3.7 Correction factor for temperature . 31
A.3.8 Flow safety coefficient . 31
A.4 Determination of temperatures . 31
A.4.1 Flue gas temperatures . 31
A.4.2 Coefficient of cooling . 32
A.4.3 Heat transmission coefficient . 32
A.4.4 Internal heat transfer coefficient . 32
A.5 Density of flue gas . 34
A.6 Flue gas velocity . 35
A.7 Pressure at entry of flue gas into chimney . 35
A.7.1 Calculation of pressure . 35
A.7.2 Theoretical draught available due to chimney effect . 35
A.7.3 Pressure resistance of the flue gas carrying tube . 36
A.7.4 Flue friction coefficient . 36
A.7.5 Individual resistance coefficient . 37
A.7.6 Change in pressure due to change of velocity . 37
A.7.7 Pressure caused by sudden interruption of the flue gas stream (Implosion) . 37
A.8 Minimum velocity . 38
Annex B (informative) Calculation method for combined flue gases with different
temperatures. 43
Bibliography . 46
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prEN 13084-1:2023 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 13084-1:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 297 “Free-
standing industrial chimneys”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote.
This document will supersede EN 13084-1:2000.
This document is part 1 of a package of standards as listed below:
— EN 13084-1, Free-standing chimneys — Part 1: General requirements
— EN 13084-2, Free-standing chimneys — Part 2: Concrete chimneys
— EN 13084-4, Free-standing chimneys — Part 4: Brick liners — Design and execution
— EN 13084-5, Free-standing chimneys — Part 5: Material for brick liners — Product specifications
— EN 13084-6, Free-standing chimneys — Part 6: Steel liners – Design and execution
— EN 13084-7, Free-standing chimneys — Part 7: Product specifications of cylindrical steel fabrications
for use in single wall steel chimneys and steel liners
— EN 13084-8, Free-standing chimneys — Part 8: Design and execution of mast construction with
satellite components
— EN 13084-9, Free-standing chimneys — Part 9: Monitoring, inspection, maintenance, remedial and
reporting; operations and actions required
Additionally applies:
— EN 1993-3-2:2006, Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures — Part 3-2: Towers, masts and
chimneys — Chimneys
In comparison with its previous edition EN 13084-1:2000, the current edition prEN 13084-1:2023
includes the following:
— reorganization of terms and definitions;
— addition of the paragraph on connecting flue pipe;
— additional information on access systems;
— new informative Annex B “Calculation method for combined flue gases with different temperatures”.
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1 Scope
This document deals with the general requirements and the basic performance criteria for the design
and construction of all types of structurally independent chimneys including their liners.
This document also applies to chimneys connected to buildings when at least one of the following criteria
is met:
— the distance between the lateral guides is more than 4 m;
— the free-standing height above the uppermost structural support attachment is more than 3 m;
— the free-standing height above the uppermost structural support attachment for chimneys with
rectangular cross section is more than five times the smallest external dimension.
Structurally independent chimneys take into account in their design: operational conditions and other
actions to verify mechanical resistance and stability and safety in use. Detailed requirements relating to
specialized designs are given in the standards for concrete chimneys, steel chimneys and their liners, as
well as masts construction with satellite components.
In other parts of the EN 13084 series, rules will be given where system chimney products in accordance
with EN 1443 (and the relating product standards) are used in structurally independent chimneys.
This document does not cover the design and construction of connecting flue pipes.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1990, Eurocode — Basis of structural and geotechnical design
EN 1991-1-1, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures — Part 1-1: General actions — Densities, self-weight,
imposed loads for buildings
EN 1991-1-4:2005, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures — Part 1-4: General actions — Wind actions
EN 1998-6, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance — Part 6: Towers, masts and
chimneys
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
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3.1 General terms
3.1.1
chimney
vertical structure comprising one or more walls delimiting one or more liners used to carry off air or
combustion products to the outside up to a height from the ground defined to ensure dispersion of the
pollutants in order to avoid, prevent or reduce harmful effects on human health and the environment
3.1.2
structurally independent chimneys
free-standing chimneys (Syn.)
chimney designed and manufactured in order to be self-supporting and resist other operational
conditions like wind, oscillations, vibrations, etc.
Note 1 to entry: A chimney may also be considered as structurally independent, if it is guyed or laterally
supported or if it stands on another structure.
3.1.3
guyed chimney
chimney, the stability of which is ensured by guy ropes
3.1.4
concrete chimney
chimney, the windshield of which is made of concrete
3.1.5
steel chimney
chimney, the windshield of which is made of steel
3.1.6
masonry chimney
chimney the windshield of which is made of masonry
3.1.7
single-wall chimney
chimney whose structural shell also conducts the flue gases. It may be fitted with thermal insulation
and/or internal lining
3.1.8
double-wall chimney
chimney consisting of an outer steel structural shell and one inner liner which carries the flue gases
3.1.9
multi-flue chimney
group of two or more chimneys structurally interconnected or a group of two or more liners within a
structural shell
3.1.10
effective chimney height
vertical distance between the inlet (centre axis) and the chimney outlet level
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3.2 Terms for chimney parts
3.2.1
windshield
structural shell designed for load bearing purposes and to protect the flue from wind actions
Note 1 to entry: It may also function as a flue.
3.2.2
structural shell
main load-bearing steel structure of the shell structure, excluding any flanges
3.2.3
mast
structural steel construction designed and manufactured to be self-supportive and/or free standing and
supports the attached satellite components
3.2.4
lining system
total system, if any, which separates the flue gases from the windshield
Note 1 to entry: This comprises a liner and its supports, the space between liner and windshield and insulation,
where existing.
3.2.5
liner
structural element (membrane) of the lining system, contained within the structural shell
3.2.6
lateral guide
component of a chimney or connecting flue pipe/duct used to fix it to a structural element (building,
mast, wind shield…) in order to withstand lateral loads (wind load for instance)
3.2.7
accessible space
space between windshield and liner that is designed for entry by personnel
3.2.8
connecting flue pipe/duct
component or components connecting the appliance outlet to the chimney
3.2.9
cladding
additional non-structural outer wall around a chimney and/or liner for protection against heat transfer
and/or weathering, and/or for decorative purposes
3.2.10
coating
paint or other surface treatment to protect the outer surface of a liner or chimney against atmospheric
corrosivity and/or plume downwash
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3.2.11
insulation
material and/or air gap between the flue liner and the outer wall, designed to increase the thermal
resistance of the chimney, reduce condensates and improve buoyancy
3.2.12
spoiler
device attached to the surface of a chimney with the objective of reducing cross wind response
3.2.13
protective cap
cap at the top of the chimney which covers the space between windshield and liner
3.2.14
climbing sockets
threaded sockets inserted in the concrete windshield to enable climbing dogs to be attached to the
surface
3.3 Terms for operation
3.3.1
inlet
location where gases come into the chimney
3.3.2
outlet
top of the chimney, where the flue gases are released to the atmosphere
3.3.3
flue gas
gaseous products of combustion or other processes, including air, which may comprise of solids or
liquids
3.3.4
gas tightness
ability of the liner to prevent smoke/exhaust gases from escaping out of the liner into the chimney or the
outside atmosphere under the outlet level
3.3.5
positive pressure
pressure inside the liner which is greater than the pressure outside the liner
3.3.6
negative pressure
pressure inside the liner which is lower than the pressure outside the liner
3.3.7
flow resistance
pressure loss in a flue or in a combustion circuit opposed to the flow of the flue gas and/or combustion
air in motion at a given temperature and velocity
3.3.8
individual resistance coefficient
dimensionless quantity that defines the flow resistance of an incident or an equipment on the flue
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3.3.9
thermal resistance
resistance to heat transfer from the inside to the outside of the chimney
3.3.10
thermal shock resistance
ability of the chimney and/or liner to withstand sudden changes in temperature either during heating or
cooling
3.3.11
intransient heat flow
flow of heat, where the temperature of each point does not change with time
3.3.12
transient heat flow
flow of heat, where the temperature changes with time
3.3.13
mean roughness
average of the surface roughness of the liner or the component
3.3.14
down draught
negative pressure on the lee-side of the chimney top, which can cause the flue gases to be drawn down
3.3.15
gas flow
mass or volume of gas through the liner per unit of time
4 Performance requirements; general design
4.1 Materials
Materials shall conform to the appropriate CEN or ISO standards. Where no such standards exist, other
materials may be used if their properties are well defined and their suitability has been proven. This
proof shall take account of the mechanical, thermal and chemical loads.
For concrete and steel chimneys as well as for liners see EN 13084-2, EN 13084-4, EN 13084-5,
EN 13084-6, EN 13084-7, EN 13084-8 and EN 1993-3-2:2006.
4.2 Flue gas considerations
4.2.1 General
Thermal and flow calculations shall be carried out to ensure that the flue gases will be conveyed from
the combustion appliance to atmosphere taking into account the effects of the flue gases on the
environment and the safety in use. However, the effect of the flue gases concerning the pollution with
gaseous and particle components is not the subject matter of this document.
4.2.2 Design parameters
To carry out these calculations, design parameters as stated in 4.2.2 are required. These also apply to the
assessment of chemical attack on those structural elements which are in contact with flue gases.
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The following design parameters based on information given at design stage shall take into account the
various operating conditions during normal and defined abnormal operations:
a) nature of chimney operation, whether continuous, intermittent or occasional;
b) planned frequency of shut-downs for internal inspection and maintenance;
c) composition of the flue gases and concentrations of chemicals in the flue gases deleterious for the
chimney;
d) concentration of dust and particularly of abrasive dust in the flue gas;
e) mass flow of each flue gas stream;
f) flue gas temperature at entry of each flue gas duct into chimney;
g) range of maximum acid dew point temperatures of the flue gases;
h) admissible or required pressure at entry of flue gas ducts into chimney;
i) altitude of the site and any special local topographic features (e.g. nearby hills, cliffs);
j) maximum, average and minimum outside temperature;
k) maximum, average and minimum atmospheric pressure;
l) maximum, average and minimum humidity of the ambient air;
m) relevant design parameters used for appliances (for example boiler) to which the chimney is
connected.
4.2.3 Heat flow calculations
Temperatures in the flue gas carrying tube, in thermal insulating layers and in the windshield shall be
determined. The drop in the temperature of the flue gases as they pass up to the outlet shall be calculated.
The calculation could be carried out in accordance with Annex A or with EN 13384-1 provided that in
both cases the implosion and minimum velocity are respected.
Values for thermal conductivity and the heat transfer coefficient may be taken from Table 1 and Table 2
respectively. Values for materials not included in these tables or values differing from these, may be
taken if their source is referenced.
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Table 1 — Indicative thermal conductivity values for building materials
Thermal
Bulk density
Temperature
conductivity
ρ
Material Description T
λ
3
°C
kg/m
W/(m⋅K)
Concrete 2 400 2,1
1 000 0,47
1 200 0,59
1 400 0,72
Lightweight concrete
1 600 0,87
1 800 0,99
2 000 1,20
1 800 0,81
Brickwork 2 000 0,96
2 200 1,00
Acid resistant
1,2
brickwork
200 0,18
800 400 0,19
600 0,21
Brickwork of
diatomaceous clay
200 0,09
a
400 0,10
500
600 0,11
20 0,05
Cellular glass 130 200 0,09
300 0,12
Structural steel and
weather resistant 7 850 60
structural steel
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Thermal
Bulk density
Temperature
conductivity
ρ
Material Description T
λ
3
°C
kg/m
W/(m⋅K)
X5CrNi18-10 (1.4301) 7 900 15
X2CrNi 18-9 (1.4307) 7 900 15
X2CrNiMoN 22-5-3 7 800 14
X2CrTiNb 18 (1.4509) 7 700 25
X6CrNiTi18-10 (1.4541) 7 900 15
X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2
Stainless steel 7 980 15
(1.4571)
X2CrNiMo17-12-2
7 980 15
(1.4404)
X2CrNiMo18-14-3
7 980 15
(1.4435)
X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5
8 050 13
(1.4539)
Where no values for bulk density and temperature are given, the thermal conductivity λ may be assumed
as independent of these values.
NOTE The temperature T is the average temperature of material. It can be considered that T = (Temperature
of internal wall + Temperature of external wall) /2.
a
Shall only be used as insulation.
a
Table 2 — Heat transfer coefficients
Heat transfer
coefficient
Zone
α
2
W/(m ⋅K)
b
Inner surface of the liner
8+w
In case of accessible space between windshield and liner:
— outer surface of the liner 8
8
— inner surface of the windshield
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Heat transfer
coefficient
Zone
α
2
W/(m ⋅K)
In case of non-accessible space between windshield and liner:
— outer surface of the liner:
20
— temperature > 80 °C;
12
— temperatur
...
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