SIST EN ISO 18451-1:2017
(Main)Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders - Terminology - Part 1: General terms (ISO 18451-1:2015)
Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders - Terminology - Part 1: General terms (ISO 18451-1:2015)
ISO 18451-1:2015 defines terms that are used in the field of pigments, dyestuffs and extenders.
For some terms, reference is made to ISO 4618 in which also terms and definitions for colourants are given, relating to their use in coating materials.
In addition to terms in English and French (two of the three official ISO languages), this part of ISO 18451 gives the equivalent terms in German; these are published under the responsibility of the member body for Germany (DIN). However, only the terms and definitions given in the official languages can be considered as ISO terms and definitions.
NOTE Those terms that are defined elsewhere in this part of ISO 18451 are shown in italics.
Pigmente, Farbstoffe und Füllstoffe - Begriffe - Teil 1: Allgemeine Begriffe (ISO 18451-1:2015)
Pigments, colorants et matières de charge - Terminologie - Partie 1: Termes généraux (ISO 18451-1:2015)
L'ISO 18451-1:2015 définit les termes utilisés dans le domaine des pigments, colorants et matières de charge.
Pour certains termes, il est fait référence à l'ISO 4618 qui fournit également des termes et définitions relatifs aux matières colorantes utilisées dans les produits de peinture.
En complément des termes en anglais et français (deux des trois langues officielles de l'ISO), l'ISO 18451‑1:2015 donne les termes équivalents en allemand; ces termes sont publiés sous la responsabilité du comité membre pour l'Allemagne (DIN). Toutefois, seuls les termes et définitions donnés dans les langues officielles peuvent être considérés comme étant des termes et définitions de l'ISO.
NOTE Les termes qui sont définis ailleurs dans l'ISO 18451-1:2015 sont marqués en caractères italiques.
Pigmenti, barvila in polnila - Terminologija - 1. del: Splošni izrazi (ISO 18451-1:2015)
ISO 18451-1:2015 določa izraze, ki se uporabljajo za pigmente, barvila in polnila.
Pri nekaterih izrazih se sklicuje na standard ISO 4618, v katerem so podani tudi izrazi in definicije barvil, ki se nanašajo na njihovo uporabo v materialih za premaze.
Izrazi v tem delu standarda ISO 18451 so razen v angleškem in francoskem jeziku (ki sta dva od treh uradnih jezikov ISO) navedeni tudi v nemškem jeziku. Slednji so objavljeni z odgovornostjo ustreznih organov za Nemčijo (DIN). Vendar je kot izraze in definicije ISO mogoče šteti samo tiste, ki so v uradnih jezikih.
OPOMBA: Izrazi, ki so določeni drugje v tem delu standarda ISO 18451, so prikazani v poševnem tisku.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 18451-1:2017
01-december-2017
Pigmenti, barvila in polnila - Terminologija - 1. del: Splošni izrazi (ISO 18451-
1:2015)
Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders - Terminology - Part 1: General terms (ISO 18451-
1:2015)
Pigmente, Farbstoffe und Füllstoffe - Begriffe - Teil 1: Allgemeine Begriffe (ISO 18451-
1:2015)
Pigments, colorants et matières de charge - Terminologie - Partie 1: Termes généraux
(ISO 18451-1:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18451-1:2017
ICS:
01.040.87 Industrija barv (Slovarji) Paint and colour industries
(Vocabularies)
87.060.10 Pigmenti in polnila Pigments and extenders
SIST EN ISO 18451-1:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 18451-1:2017
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SIST EN ISO 18451-1:2017
EN ISO 18451-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.87; 87.060.10
English Version
Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders - Terminology - Part 1:
General terms (ISO 18451-1:2015)
Pigments, colorants et matières de charge - Pigmente, Farbstoffe und Füllstoffe - Begriffe - Teil 1:
Terminologie - Partie 1: Termes généraux (ISO 18451- Allgemeine Begriffe (ISO 18451-1:2015)
1:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 August 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18451-1:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 18451-1:2017
EN ISO 18451-1:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 18451-1:2017
EN ISO 18451-1:2017 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 18451-1:2015 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 256 “Pigments,
dyestuffs and extenders” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken
over as EN ISO 18451-1:2017 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 298 “Pigments and extenders” the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2018, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18451-1:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18451-1:2017 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 18451-1:2017
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18451-1
First edition
2015-11-01
Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders —
Terminology —
Part 1:
General terms
Pigments, colorants et matières de charge — Terminologie —
Partie 1: Termes généraux
Reference number
ISO 18451-1:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
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SIST EN ISO 18451-1:2017
ISO 18451-1:2015(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 18451-1:2017
ISO 18451-1:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
Annex A (informative) Alphabetical index .18
Bibliography .24
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 18451-1:2017
ISO 18451-1:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 256, Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders.
ISO 18451 consists of the following parts, under the general title Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders —
Terminology:
— Part 1: General terms
— Part 2: Classification of colouring materials according to colouristic and chemical aspects
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 18451-1:2017
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18451-1:2015(E)
Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders — Terminology —
Part 1:
General terms
1 Scope
This part of ISO 18451 defines terms that are used in the field of pigments, dyestuffs and extenders.
For some terms, reference is made to ISO 4618 in which also terms and definitions for colourants are
given, relating to their use in coating materials.
In addition to terms in English and French (two of the three official ISO languages), this part of ISO 18451
gives the equivalent terms in German; these are published under the responsibility of the member
body for Germany (DIN). However, only the terms and definitions given in the official languages can be
considered as ISO terms and definitions.
NOTE Those terms that are defined elsewhere in this part of ISO 18451 are shown in italics.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
abrasiveness
property of pigments (2.95) or extenders (2.34) and their preparations to cause wear at the used
apparatus by mechanical action
2.2
aluminium pigment
pigment (2.95) consisting essentially of finely divided pure aluminium Al 99,5
Note 1 to entry: The aluminium particles have lamellar form.
2.3
apparent density after tamping
ratio of mass to volume of a powder after compressing (e.g. by tamping or vibration) under specified
conditions
2.4
barite
naturally occurring barium sulfate, BaSO
4
2.5
binder demand
amount of a binder or binder solution that is required to obtain, under specified dispersion conditions,
a mass of defined rheology
2.6
bismuth vanadate pigment
yellow inorganic pigment (2.95) consisting of bismuth vanadate with or without isomorphous inclusion
of bismuth molybdate
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2.7
blanc fixe
barium sulphate
synthetic barium sulphate, produced by a precipitation process
Note 1 to entry: Naturally occurring barium sulfate is called barite (2.4).
2.8
bleeding
migration (2.76) of a colourant (2.19) from a material into another material being in contact with it
2.9
blooming
migration (2.76) of a colourant (2.19) to the surface of the coloured material
2.10
cadmium pigment
inorganic coloured pigment consisting essentially of cadmium zinc sulphide (yellow pigments) or of
mixed crystals of cadmium sulphide and cadmium selenide (red pigments)
2.11
calcined clay
calcined aluminium silicate
aluminium silicate (Al O ⋅ 2SiO ), lamellar, mainly amorphous in structure as determined by X-ray
2 3 2
diffraction, produced from natural clay by thermal dehydration, consisting partly of cristalline mullite
3(Al O ⋅ 2SiO )
2 3 2
2.12 Calcite
2.12.1
calcite
crystalline calcium carbonate
calcium carbonate of trigonal crystal structure
2.12.2
calcite
crystalline calcium carbonate
designation for extenders (2.34) produced from calcareous spar of marble or for precipitated
calcitic calcium carbonates
2.13
carbon black
pigment (2.95) synthetically produced by thermally oxidative cracking of aromatic oils and gases
Note 1 to entry: It is distinguished between carbon black and industrial carbon black.
2.14
ceramic decoration colour
preparation consisting of coloured or colourless glass powder and inorganic pigments (2.95) for coating
of ceramics or glass by melting at temperatures above 450 °C
2.15
chalking
appearance of a loosely adherent fine powder (2.97) on the surface of a film or pigmented plastic arising
from the degradation of the binder
2.16
chroma
difference of a colour (2.20) from an achromatic colour of the same lightness
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2.17
chromium oxide pigment
inorganic coloured pigment consisting essentially of chromium (III) oxide (Cr O ) in the form of a dry
2 3
powder
2.18
CIC-pigment
coloured inorganic complex pigment
coloured pigment, rutile or spinell based, produced by replacement of titanium in the rutile lattice or
aluminium or magnesium in the spinel lattice through other atoms
Note 1 to entry: Such pigments are incorrectly named mixed phase pigments.
2.19
colourant
generic term for all colouring substances
Note 1 to entry: Colourants comprise pigments (2.95) which are insoluble in the medium as well as dyestuffs
(2.30) which are soluble in the medium.
Note 2 to entry: A pigment may contain the pure chemical substance and/or a surface treatment and/or additives.
Note 3 to entry: A colourant may also contain traces of impurities, which may originate from raw materials
and/or the production processes.
Note 4 to entry: In order to improve application properties, a colourant may contain additives.
2.20
colour
sensation resulting from the visual perception of electromagnetic radiation of a given spectral composition
Note 1 to entry: The use of the German word “Farbe” alone, i.e. not in combinations of words, for coating materials
is to be rejected.
Note 2 to entry: A colour is characterized by hue (2.49), saturation (2.105) or chroma (2.16), and lightness (2.65).
Note 3 to entry: It is distinguished between chromatic and achromatic colours.
2.21
colour difference
differences in lightness (2.65), chroma (2.16) and hue (2.49)
Note 1 to entry: Colour differences, for example, occur between different specimens, between the same specimens
but of different history and within a specimen inhomogeneous with regard to colour.
2.22
colour strength equivalent
reciprocal of the relative tinting strength (2.104) of a pigment (2.95)
Note 1 to entry: It indicates how many parts of a sample are colouristically equivalent to 100 parts of a reference
sample. In other words, the colour strength equivalent of a weaker pigment (2.95) is greater than 100.
2.23 Compound
2.23.1
compound
mixture of pigments (2.95) and/or extenders (2.34), ready for use
2.23.2
compound
moulding material, ready for use, containing all the colourants (2.19), extenders (2.34)
and additives
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2.24
core pigment
pigment (2.95) the mostly inorganic core of which is enveloped with one or more (mostly inorganic)
substances so that its optical properties are hardly effected by the material of the shell but its
application properties are improved
2.25
corrosion-inhibiting pigment
anticorrosive pigment
pigment (2.95) that inhibits or avoids, in priming coats on metals, the corrosion of the metal surface,
normally by chemical or physicochemical action
2.26
depth of shade
measure for the intensity of a colour perception that increases with increasing chroma (2.16) and
decreases with increasing lightness (2.65)
Note 1 to entry: Colourations having the same depth of shade appear to be prepared using the same concentrations
of colourants having the same tinting strength (2.121).
2.27
dispersibility
property of a pigment (2.95) or extender (2.34) characterized by its ability to be wetted, separated and
distributed in a medium
Note 1 to entry: The dispersibility depends on its wettability and on the number and strength of the adhering
areas between the components of the agglomerates (2.93.3).
Note 2 to entry: As a measure of the dispersibility under specified dispersion conditions, e.g. the speed of the
tinting strength (2.121) development and/or the decrease of the fineness of grind (2.37) can be taken.
2.28
dispersing
separation of the agglomerates (2.93.3) of the pigment (2.95) or extender (2.34) powder into smaller
particles [agglomerates (2.93.3), aggregates (2.93.2) and primary particles (2.93.1)] and their wetting by
the medium at the same time
Note 1 to entry: Occasionally, separation of aggregates (2.93.2) and breaking, for example, of needle-shaped
primary particles (2.93.1) also takes place. Furthermore, a statistically uniform distribution of the particles (2.93)
formed in this way to all volume elements of the medium is a part of the dispersing process.
2.29
dolomite
natural calcium magnesium carbonate containing between 1,18 and 1,23 parts by mass of CaCO to 1
3
part by mass of MgCO
3
2.30
dyestuff
colourant (2.19), soluble in the application medium
Note 1 to entry: Colourants (2.19) for glass, ceramics and vitreous enamel that are dissolved in the glass phase
are also called “Lösungsfarben” in German language. In these cases, oxides of transition elements are used.
Note 2 to entry: In German usage, in the pharmaceutical and foodstuffs fields, the term “Farbstoff” is used as a
synonym for “colourant”.
2.31
earth pigment
pigment (2.95) produced from earths, e.g. by classification, if necessary with additional thermal treatment
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2.32
effect pigment
platelet-like pigment (2.95) that confers not only colour (2.20) but additional properties such as
iridescence (interference at thin layers), angle dependency of colour (colour travel, colour flop, light-
dark flop), or texture
Note 1 to entry: See also metal effect pigment (2.72), nacreous pigment (2.78), interference pigment (2.51).
2.33
electro chromic pigment
pigment (2.95) which changes its colour (2.20) depending on the electric current or the voltage
2.34
extender
substance in granular or powder form, insoluble in the medium (e.g. coating material) and used to
modify or influence certain physical properties
Note 1 to entry: The German terms “Extender”, “Extenderpigment”, “Pigmentextender” or “Verschnittmittel”
should be avoided.
Note 2 to entry: Whether a given substance is to be considered as pigment (2.95) or extender depends on its
application.
2.35
fastness
stability of the colour (2.20)
Note 1 to entry: For characterization of the respective stress, the term fastness, e.g. of a coating, is used in word
combinations such as light fastness, acid fastness, solvent fastness. The acid fastness, for example, of a coating is
the stability of the colour (2.20) of the coating under the influence of acids.
2.36
final level of dispersion
level of dispersion (2.62) when it has become constant under the defined conditions
Note 1 to entry: The final level of dispersion of a pigment (2.95) depends on the binder system in which it is
dispersed, on the dispersion process and on the composition of the milling base.
2.37
fineness of grind
measure for the largest solid particles in a liquid matrix
Note 1 to entry: The term fineness of grind is not to be confused with the term grain hardness.
2.38
floating
separation of one or more pigments (2.95) from a coloured coating material, casing streaks or areas on
the surface of the coating material
2.39
flooding
separation of the pigments (2.95) in a liquid coating giving rise to a colour (2.20) which, although
uniform over the whole surface, is markedly different from that of the freshly applied wet film before
drying/hardening
Note 1 to entry: See leafing (2.61).
2.40
food dyestuff
substance that gives colour (2.20) to a foodstuff or restores the colour of a foodstuff
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2.41
full shade
colour (2.20) of a mass tone system (2.70) in a non-hiding layer
2.42
functional extender
extender (2.34), when applied in the application medium, processes or enhances specific functions due
to its physical or chemical properties
Note 1 to entry: Examples for physical properties are: elasticity, durability, hardness, anti-fatigue.
2.43
functional pigment
pigment (2.95), when applied in the application medium, possesses specific functions due to its unique
physical or chemical properties rather than only colouring
Note 1 to entry: Examples for specific functions are: UV absorption, electric properties such as conductivity,
anti-corrosion properties, photocatalytical properties, function as barrier pigment, infrared absorption or
infrared reflection.
2.44
goniochromatic pigment
effect pigment (2.32) showing an angle-depending colour change between different interference colours
2.45
heat stability
resistance to a heat treatment of the colour (2.20) of the test specimens under specified conditions of test
2.46
heavy-metal containing pigment
pigment (2.95) containing heavy metal(s) as constituent
3
Note 1 to entry: Heavy metals are all metals having a density greater than 4,5 g/cm .
2.47
hiding power
ability of material, containing colourants (2.19), to obliterate the colour (2.20) or colour differences
(2.21) of the substrate (2.114)
Note 1 to entry: The use of the German expressions “Deckkraft” und “Deckfähigkeit” should be avoided.
[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.138, modified — Note 2 deleted]
2.48
hiding power value
numerical value of the hiding power (2.47), as determined using a defined method
2.49
hue
type of chroma (2.16) of a colour (2.20)
Note 1 to entry: The hue is designated in daily life by words such as red, yellow, green, blue, violet, etc.
2.50
inclusion pigment
pigment (2.95), the colouring component of which is included in a coat of high thermal and chemical
resistance
Note 1 to entry: The coat renders it possible that the colouring component can be used at much higher
temperatures. Furthermore, the resistance, e.g. to acids and alkalies, will be improved essentially.
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2.51
interference pigment
pearlescent pigment
effect pigment (2.32), the effect of which is based completely or predominantly on the phenomenon of
interference, e.g. pearlescent pigment, fire-coloured metal bronze
Note 1 to entry: Interference pigments can be coated with one or more layers.
2.52
intrinsic hardness
hardness of the primary particle of a pigment (2.95) or extender (2.34) as a property of the material
Note 1 to entry: Only indirect conclusions to the practically effective intrinsic hardness can be made, for example,
from abrasion tests.
Note 2 to entry: In the case of inorganic pigments, the Mohs hardness is often given as a reference value for the
intrinsic hardness.
2.53
iron blue pigment
pigment (2.95) formed by the reaction of iron salts with cyanoferrate(II) or cyanoferrate(III) ions and
followed, if necessary, by treatment with oxidizing agents
2.54
iron oxide pigment
pigment (2.95) consisting of natural or synthetic iron oxides, if necessary with additions of extenders
2.55
kaolinite
main constituent of natural clay (2.88)
2.56
lake
pigment (2.95) produced by precipitation of a dissolved organic dyestuff (2.30) with a precipitating agent
Note 1 to entry: Lake is not “Lack” as commonly used in German language but a colourant (2.19). In Austrian and
Swiss usage, the German expression “Farblack” is not usual.
2.57 Lake pigment
2.57.1
lake pigment
pigment (2.95) produced by precipitation of a sulphone or carbonic acid-containing azo
dyestuff with one or more suitable metal salts
Note 1 to entry: Lake pigments predominantly contain metal cation magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium,
aluminium or manganese.
2.57.2
lake pigment
pigment (2.95) produced by precipitation of a basic dyestuff (2.30) with heteropoly acids
2.58
lead chromate pigment
yellow, orange or red pigment (2.95) consisting of lead chromate with or without lead sulphate and/or
lead molybdate
Note 1 to entry: Designations in common use for lead chromate pigments are, for example, chrome yellow,
molybdate orange and molybdate red.
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2.59
lead chrome green pigment
inorganic pigment (2.95) produced from lead chromate pigments (2.58) and iron blue pigments (2.53)
without additions of extenders (2.34) and other colourants (2.19)
2.60
lead chrome/phthalocyanine pigment
pigment (2.95) produced from lead chromate pigments (2.58) and phthalocyanine blue pigments without
additions of other colourants (2.19)
2.61
leafing
flooding (2.39) of specially treated effect pigments (2.32) to the surface of a coating material shortly
after application
2.62
level of dispersion
extent to which pigment (2.95) particles have been separated, distributed and stabilized by milling in a
binder system under defined conditions
2.63
light fastness
resistance to colour changes due to exposure to light, without direct atmospheric effects (therefore, not
“weather resistance”)
Note 1 to entry: Light fastness commonly is evaluated by visual assessment using standard reference colour
standards (or by instrumental assessment).
2.64
lightening power
ability of a pigment (2.95) to increase the lightness (2.65) of a coloured, grey or black medium
2.65
lightness
intensity of a light perception as it is inseparable connected with each colour perception
Note 1 to entry: Definition aligned to CIELAB.
2.66
TM
lithopone
white pigment obtained by combined precipitation of zinc sulphide (ZnS) and barium sulphate (BaSO )
4
2.67
luminance factor
measure of the lightness (2.65) of surface colours (2.115)
Note 1 to entry: Generally, this luminance factor is 100 times the reflectance factor R . Depending on the object
v
and the measuring geometry 100 times the reflectance, ρ, or the transmittance factor, T, can be taken as the
luminance factor. The luminance factor is connected with the tristimulus values by the luminance coefficients.
2.68
luminous pigment
pigment (2.95) that absorbs radiation and emits light (of higher wavelength)
Note 1 to entry: This effect is called luminescence.
Note 2 to entry: The optical effect is based on its ability to absorb radiation and to emit light of higher wavelength
with temporal delay (phosphorescence) or without temporal delay (fluorescence).
2.69
mass tone
colour (2.20) of a mass tone system (2.70) in optically infinite (hiding) layer
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SIST EN ISO 18451-1:2017
ISO 18451-1:2015(E)
2.70
mass tone system
pigmented system, containing one pigment (2.95) only
2.71
masterbatch
preparation which, in a solid polymer carrier, contains substances [colourants (2.19), extenders (2.34),
additives] in much higher concentration than in the moulded component or semi-finished product to be
produced using this preparation
Note 1 to entry: The substances are present either completely dispersed or dissolved.
2.72
metal effect pigment
platelet-like pigment (2.95) consisting of metal
Note 1 to entry: Metal effect pigments can be orientated in parallel and show then metallic gloss due to light
reflection at the flakes.
2.73
metal pigment
pigment (2.95) consisting of metals or metal alloys
EXAMPLE Zinc dust pigment.
2.74
mica
alkali-containing hydrated aluminium silicates in lamellar form
EXAMPLE Muscovite, biotite and phlogopite.
Note 1 to entry: Not to be confused with micaceous iron oxide (2.75).
2.75
micaceous iron oxide
refined mineral or synthetic product consisting essentially of iron (III) oxide (Fe O )
2 3
Note 1 to entry: Micaceous iron oxide has lamellar form and is grey in colour (2.20) with metallic gloss.
2.76
migration
transfer of a colourant (2.19) from a medium coloured with it to the surface [blooming (2.9)] or into
another medium
[SOURCE: bleeding (2.8)]
2.77
muscovite
natural lamellar hydrated potassium aluminium silicate
Note 1 to entry: Muscovite can be used as raw material for effect pigments (2.32).
2.78
nacreous pigment
gloss pigment consisting of transparent flakes with high refractive index
Note 1 to entry: Nacreous pigments can be orientated in parallel and show then nacreous lustre as characterized
by multiple reflection. Nacreous pigments that also show interference colours are also called pearl pigment or
interference pigment (2.51).
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SIST EN ISO 18451-1:2017
ISO 18451-1:2015(E)
2.79
nanodispersion
material in which nano-objects (2.82) are dispersed in a continuous phase of a different composition
Note 1 to entry: Nanodis
...
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