oSIST prEN ISO 24505:2017

Ergonomics - Accessible design - Method for creating colour combinations taking account of age-related changes in human colour vision (ISO 24505:2016)

ISO 24505:2016 provides a method for creating conspicuous colour combinations for use in visual signs and displays taking into account viewer age. It is based on the perceived similarity of colours at photopic and mesopic lighting conditions.
ISO 24505:2016 applies to the design of visual signs and displays in which multiple colours are used so that the colours are conspicuous to people of any age, including older people who do not have deficient colour vision. The method and data in this International Standard are not applicable to the design of visual signs and displays for people with colour deficiencies or medical disorders affecting vision.
Basically, this International Standard applies to the reflective or object mode colours, but may apply to self-luminous mode colours if the colour coordinates are appropriately transferred to those of the object mode colours.

Ergonomie - Barrierefreie Gestaltung - Verfahren für die Gestaltung von Farbkombinationen unter Berücksichtigung altersbedingter Veränderungen der menschlichen Farbwahrnehmung (ISO 24505:2016)

Ergonomie - Conception accessible - Méthode de création de combinaisons de couleurs tenant compte des changements liés à l'âge dans la vision en couleurs humaine (ISO 24505:2016)

L'ISO 24505 :2016 fournit une méthode pour la création de combinaisons de couleurs perceptibles destinées à être utilisées sur les panneaux de signalisation et les affichages tenant compte de l'âge de l'observateur. Elle est basée sur la similitude perçue des couleurs dans les conditions d'éclairage photopiques et mésopiques.
L'ISO 24505 :2016 s'applique à la conception des panneaux de signalisation et des affichages dans lesquels plusieurs couleurs sont utilisées de sorte que ces couleurs soient perceptibles par des personnes de tous âges, y compris les personnes âgées ne présentant pas de déficience de la vision des couleurs. La méthode et les données de l'ISO 24505 :2016 ne sont pas applicables à la conception des panneaux de signalisation et des affichages pour les personnes présentant une déficience de la vision des couleurs ou des troubles médicaux affectant la vision.
L'ISO 24505 :2016 s'applique en principe aux couleurs en mode réfléchissant ou objet, mais peut s'appliquer aux couleurs en mode auto-luminescent si les coordonnées chromatiques sont transposées de manière appropriée en celles des couleurs en mode objet.

Ergonomija - Dostopno načrtovanje - Postopek za izdelavo barvnih kombinacij ob upoštevanju s starostjo povezanih sprememb človeškega zaznavanja barv (ISO 24505:2016)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 13-Jul-2017
• ICS: 13.180 - Ergonomics
• Technical Committee: VSN - Safety of machinery
• Current Stage: 98 - Abandoned project (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 02-Jun-2020
• Due Date: 07-Jun-2020
• Completion Date: 02-Jun-2020
• Ref Project: prEN ISO 24505 - Ergonomics - Accessible design - Method for creating colour combinations taking account of age-related changes in human colour vision (ISO 24505:2016)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 24505:2017
01-julij-2017
(UJRQRPLMD'RVWRSQRQDþUWRYDQMH3RVWRSHN]DL]GHODYREDUYQLKNRPELQDFLMRE
XSRãWHYDQMXVVWDURVWMRSRYH]DQLKVSUHPHPEþORYHãNHJD]D]QDYDQMDEDUY,62

Ergonomics - Accessible design - Method for creating colour combinations taking
account of age-related changes in human colour vision (ISO 24505:2016)
Ergonomie - Barrierefreie Gestaltung - Verfahren für die Gestaltung von
Farbkombinationen unter Berücksichtigung altersbedingter Veränderungen der
menschlichen Farbwahrnehmung (ISO 24505:2016)
Ergonomie - Conception accessible - Méthode de création de combinaisons de couleurs
tenant compte des changements liés à l'âge dans la vision en couleurs humaine (ISO
24505:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 24505
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
oSIST prEN ISO 24505:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 24505:2017

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oSIST prEN ISO 24505:2017
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24505
First edition
2016-04-01
Ergonomics — Accessible design
— Method for creating colour
combinations taking account of age-
related changes in human colour vision
Ergonomie — Conception accessible — Méthode de création de
combinaisons de couleurs tenant compte des changements liés à l’âge
dans la vision en couleurs humaine
Reference number
ISO 24505:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016

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ISO 24505:2016(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Factors affecting conspicuity of colour combinations . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Luminance level . 2
4.3 Ageing effect . 2
4.4 Viewing mode and condition . 3
5 Colour combinations using fundamental colours and their conspicuity .3
5.1 Fundamental colours and their combinations . 3
5.2 Classification of the conspicuity of colour combinations . 4
5.3 Tables of two-colour combinations of fundamental colours and their conspicuity . 5
5.4 Span 1 of fundamental colours . 7
6 Procedures to create a colour combination . 8
Annex A (normative) Spans of fundamental colours (Span 2) .14
Annex B (informative) Colouring example: A train network .22
Annex C (informative) Guidance for transformation of Munsell colour system to CIE XYZ
system and to sRGB system in monitor displays .24
Bibliography .25
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 5, Ergonomics
of the physical environment.
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Introduction
While the social care of older people has widely spread in many countries, the design and production
of visual signs and displays do not always take into account the unique needs of older people. This
International Standard presents a method for assessing and designing signs and displays in our visual
environment so that they are clearly visible to older people. This International Standard includes a
method and data for creating conspicuous colour combinations in visual signs and displays seen by
people at any age by considering age-related change of human colour vision.
A reasonably large number of people, especially men, have defective colour vision of various types, and
some smaller part of the population have suffered from medical disorders of the eye such as low vision.
This International Standard is not applicable to colour combinations for people who have deficient
colour vision or medical disorders affecting vision. Other International Standards are planned that
will provide methods to enable the creation of colour combinations for people with widely varying
visual disabilities, including those for people with normal colour vision at any age, people with colour
deficiencies and people with low vision, and for general guidance on the use of the colour-combination
standard.
In describing colours in this International Standard, the Munsell colour system is used, which is a
[9]
colour-order system recommended by the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage.
This International Standard adopts the principles of accessible design given in Reference [3] and
amplified in Reference [4].
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oSIST prEN ISO 24505:2017
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24505:2016(E)
Ergonomics — Accessible design — Method for creating
colour combinations taking account of age-related changes
in human colour vision
1 Scope
This International Standard provides a method for creating conspicuous colour combinations for use
in visual signs and displays taking into account viewer age. It is based on the perceived similarity of
colours at photopic and mesopic lighting conditions.
This International Standard applies to the design of visual signs and displays in which multiple colours
are used so that the colours are conspicuous to people of any age, including older people who do not have
deficient colour vision. The method and data in this International Standard are not applicable to the design
of visual signs and displays for people with colour deficiencies or medical disorders affecting vision.
Basically, this International Standard applies to the reflective or object mode colours, but may apply
to self-luminous mode colours if the colour coordinates are appropriately transferred to those of the
object mode colours.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety
signs and safety markings
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
colour similarity
extent to which some percentage of the population judge a given colour as similar to a fundamental
reference colour
EXAMPLE Colour similarity of 50 % means that half of the people judge a given colour as similar to the
reference colour.
3.2
fundamental colour
set of basic colours perceived by people with normal colour vision, which are red, orange (yellow-red),
yellow, green-yellow, green, blue-green, blue, purple-blue, purple, red-purple, black, grey, and white, in
accordance with the Munsell colour system
3.3
mesopic vision
vision by the normal eye intermediate between photopic and scotopic vision
[SOURCE: CIE S 017/E:2011]
Note 1 to entry: In mesopic vision, both the cones and the rods are active.
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3.4
photopic vision
vision by the normal eye in which cones are the principle active photoreceptors
[SOURCE: CIE S 017/E:2011]
2
Note 1 to entry: Photopic vision normally occurs when the eye is adapted to levels of luminance of at least 5 cd/m .
Note 2 to entry: Colour perception is typical of photopic vision.
3.5
scotopic vision
vision by the normal eye in which rods are the principle active photoreceptors
[SOURCE: CIE S 017/E:2011]
Note 1 to entry: Scotopic vision normally occurs when the eye is adapted to levels of luminance of less than
−3 2
10 cd/m .
Note 2 to entry: In comparison with photopic vision, scotopic vision is characterized by the lack of colour
perception and a shift of visual sensitivity towards shorter wavelengths.
3.6
span of a fundamental colour
area in a colour space in which colours are perceived as similar to a reference colour in colour
appearance
Note 1 to entry: The span is definable differently according to the extent of similarity to the reference fundamental
colour, such as “very similar”, “moderately similar”, or “slightly similar”.
Note 2 to entry: The Munsell colour system is used to describe the span in this International Standard.
4 Factors affecting conspicuity of colour combinations
4.1 General
Colour combinations should be conspicuous whenever colours are used for identifying, discriminating,
or recognizing information in visual signs and displays. The factors given in 4.2. to 4.4 shall be taken
into account in creating and using colour combinations.
For the special use of colour for safety, the selection of colours and colour combinations shall comply
with ISO 3864-1.
NOTE Conspicuity of a colour combination is the distinctiveness between, and identification of, each colour
used in the combination. In colour science, conspicuous colour combination applies to a combination with relatively
large colour differences, whereas colour discrimination refers to small colour differences such as a just noticeable
difference.
4.2 Luminance level
Colour appearance changes with luminance level. This effect shall be taken into consideration,
particularly in choosing colours for use in low-luminance environments such as those in mesopic vision.
EXAMPLE In mesopic vision, reddish colours appear relatively darker and bluish colours appear brighter.
4.3 Ageing effect
Colour appearance changes with age. This effect shall be taken into account, particularly in choosing
colours for use by older people.
NOTE Age-related change of colour perception is described in Reference [3].
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EXAMPLE A bluish colour on dark background or vice versa is difficult for older people to see.
4.4 Viewing mode and condition
Colour appearance changes with the viewing mode such as the self-luminous mode or the reflective or
object mode. This International Standard is based on the Munsell colour system, the colour appearance
of which is the object mode. For colours of the self-luminous mode or light sources, such as electronic
displays, this International Standard can be applicable when appropriate conversion of colour
appearance is assured.
NOTE 1 Transformation of colour coordinates of Munsell colour system to CIE XYZ system has not been
formulated yet. There are, however, some conversion methods or data for practical use which can be applied to
the self-luminous mode colours (see Annex C).
NOTE 2 Some requirements for using colours in electronic visual displays are described in more detail in
References [1] and [5].
NOTE 3 The light source of illumination is a factor affecting the appearance of object-mode colours. This
International Standard is based on data taken under a daylight fluorescent lamp. When using other light sources,
such as incandescent lamps or LEDs, it is noted that the colour appearance is shifted (see Reference [7]).
Colour appearance also changes with visual field size and surrounding colours. This International
Standard is based on the field size larger than 20 min of arc of visual angle (2,9 mm from the 50 cm
distance) below which colour appearance changes. Care shall be taken to ensure that the visual angle is
above 20 min of arc.
This International Standard is based on dark surround where no strong contrast effect occurs. For
coloured or lighter surround, the colour appearance also changes more or less with the surround, and
care shall be taken not to cause strong change of the appearance.
5 Colour combinations using fundamental colours and their conspicuity
5.1 Fundamental colours and their combinations
Thirteen colours are defined as fundamental colours in this International Standard which are perceived
as the most basic in human colour perception for people with normal colour vision. They are red, yellow-
red (orange), yellow, green-yellow, green, blue-green, blue, purple-blue, purple, red-purple, white, grey,
and black.
Each fundamental colour has a span in a colour space that consists of colours similar in appearance to
each reference colour of the fundamentals. Two spans are definable with different extent of similarity:
Span 1 consists of colours that are highly similar to the reference, Span 2 are colours that are somewhat
or less similar to the reference.
NOTE Span 1 and Span 2, respectively, denote areas in which colours are perceived as similar to the reference
fundamental colour with the 50 % and 10 % colour similarity (see 3.1 and 3.6).
The fundamental colours and their spans are used as components of colour combinations. Exact colours
for a combination shall be selected respectively from the Span 1 of each fundamental colour (see
Figure 1).
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Key
1 red
2 purple-blue
Span 1
Span 2
reference colour for red fundamental colour
reference colour for purple-blue fundamental colour
Figure 1 — Examples of Span 1 and Span 2 of fundamental colours in Munsell colour system and
an example of colour combination (for value 5 plane only)
5.2 Classification of the conspicuity of colour combinations
The conspicuity of the colour combinations based on fundamental colours is classified into the following
three groups depending on the geometrical relations of the Span 1 and Span 2 in a colour space.
a) Highly conspicuous colour combinations
Combinations of fundamental colours for which Span 1 does not mutually overlap in the colour
space and neither does Span 2. See Figure 2 c).
b) Conspicuous colour combinations
Combinations of fundamental colours for which Span 1 does not mutually overlap in a colour space,
but Span 2 does. See Figure 2 b).
c) Slightly conspicuous colour combination
Combinations of fundamental colours for which Span 1 mutually overlaps in a colour space and
Span 2 does as well. See Figure 2 a).
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a) Slightly conspicuous b) Conspicuous c) Highly conspicuous
(red–red-purple) (red–purple) (red–purple-blue)
Key
1 red
2 red-purple
3 purple
4 purple-blue
Span 1
Span 2
Figure 2 — Colour combinations based on fundamental colours and their conspicuity with
examples
5.3 Tables of two-colour combinations of fundamental colours and their conspicuity
Tables 1 to 4 show combinations of any two fundamental colours a
...