SIST EN 13197:2002
(Main)Road marking materials - Wear simulators
Road marking materials - Wear simulators
This European Standard describes the methods for wear simulator tests on road marking materials for use as both permanent and temporary road markings including those with increased retroreflection under wet conditions, without road studs.
It gives requirements for wear simulator facilities, for application on the test plates, for parameters to be measured, frequency of the measurements and for expression of the results as a test report.
Straßenmarkierungsmaterialien - Verschleißsimulatoren
1 Anwendungsbereich
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Verfahren zur Durchführung von Verschleißsimulatorprüfungen an
Straßenmarkierungsmaterialien sowohl für ständige als auch vorübergehende Straßenmarkierungen ein-
schließlich solcher mit verbesserter Retroreflexion bei Nässe, jedoch nicht für Markierungsknöpfe, fest.
Sie legt die Anforderungen an Verschleißsimulatoren und an die Applikation auf Prüfkörper sowie die zu
messenden Parameter, Messintervalle und die Angabe der Ergebnisse als Prüfbericht fest.
Produits de marquage routier - Simulateurs d'usure
La présente Norme européenne décrit les méthodes de conduite des essais de simulation d'usure sur les produits de marquage routier destinés a une utilisation aussi bien permanente que temporaire, y compris les marquages routiers présentant une rétroréflexion accrue en présence de conditions humides, et a l'exclusion des plots routiers.
La présente norme fournit les spécifications concernant les équipements de simulation d'usure, l'application des produits sur les plaques d'essai, les parametres a mesurer, la fréquence des mesurages et l'expression des résultats sous forme d'un rapport d'essai.
Road marking materials - Wear simulators
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SIST EN 13197:2002SLOVENSKIseptember 2002prva izdajaSTANDARDRoad marking materials - Wear simulators©
Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljenoReferenčna številkaSIST EN 13197:2002(en)ICS93.080.20
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13197April 2001ICS 93.080.20English versionRoad marking materials - Wear simulatorsProduits de marquage routier - Simulateurs d'usureStraßenmarkierungsmaterialien - VerschleißsimulatorThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 March 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13197:2001 E
Page 2EN 13197:2001ContentsPageForeword.3Introduction.41Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.54Requirements.6Annex A (normative) Determination of no pickup-time in connection with wear simulatortest.13Annex B (informative) Example of a separate record of application proceedings.15Annex C (normative) Determination of layer thickness.17Annex D (normative) Determination of the quantity of drop-on materials.19Annex E (informative) Example of test reports.20Annex F (informative) Description of an existing, well-tried wear simulator testing facilitywhich is used for qualification procedure.23
Page 3EN 13197:2001ForewordThis European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 226 "Roadequipment", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication ofan identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2001, and conflicting nationalstandards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2001.The annexes A, C and D are normative. The annexes B, E and F are informative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standardsorganizations of the following countries are bound to implement this EuropeanStandard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Page 4EN 13197:2001IntroductionRoad markings are carried out by the application of road marking materials to the road surface.Road marking materials include materials to be applied in a liquid form such as solvent-basedpaints or waterborne, thermoplastic materials in a molten state and cold-hardening materials in amixture of reacting components. Road marking materials further include preformed materialsapplied to the road surface by heat, pressure, adhesives or by other means.Some materials are used for temporary road marking and others materials for permanent roadmarking. Some materials, e.g. paints, are applied in a thin layer, other materials, e.g.thermoplastic materials, are applied in thicker layers, that or less cover the road surface texture.Some materials are also applied by methods resulting in a lasting pattern in the road markingsurface, such as in a profiled road marking. Sometimes one material is used for the base of aprofiled road marking and another for the profiles.Some drop-on materials conforming to EN 1423 “ Road marking materials – Drop on materials –Glass beads, antiskid aggregates and mixtures of the two” are often added to the surface of theroad marking
during the application process in order to improve the performance
of the roadmarking either for an initial period or permanently. There are a number of drop-on materialsavailable and different methods for applying them are in use.In wear simulator tests, a road marking material is applied on test plates to form a road marking.The performance of this road marking is studied during exposure to the conditions of simulatedtraffic abrasion at a wear simulator facility.The wear simulator simulates the traffic load on a road marking in the laboratory. The test is notto be regarded as being equivalent to road trials or practice.1ScopeThis European Standard describes the methods for wear simulator tests on road markingmaterials for use as both permanent and temporary road markings including those withincreased retroreflection under wet conditions, without road studs.It gives requirements for
wear simulator facilities, for
application on the test plates, forparameters to be measured, frequency of the measurements and for expression of the results asa test report.2Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions fromother publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places inthe text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequentamendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undatedreferences the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (includingamendments).EN 1436Road marking materials – Road marking performance for road usersEN 1824:1998Road marking materials – Road trialsENV 13459-1Road marking materials – Quality control – Part 1: Sampling from storage and testing
Page 5EN 13197:2001ENV 13459-2:1999Road marking materials – Quality control – Part 2: Guidelines for preparing qualityplans for materials application3Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard the following terms and definitions apply.3.1wear simulatorequipment comprising one or more free running wheels with loaded axles, a number of testplates mounted in a plane and driving mechanism capable of a relative movement, in which thewheel(s) overrun the test plates repeatedlyNOTE
Other wear simulators have stationary test plates, while the wheels move in a circle or in anellipse, or
back and forth.3.2support angleangle between a plane perpendicular to the axle of the loading wheel and the vertical3.3steering angleangle between a plane perpendicular to the axle of the loading wheel and a plane tangential tothe movement of the loaded wheel relative to the test plates3.4wheel roll-overnumber of loading wheels (or, in case of wheels in tandem, pairs of loading wheels) that havepassed over a test plateNOTE
If wheels are set to track across the samples between wheel passes, the wheel roll-overs are notnecessarily the number of wheels that have rolled over any specific area of the test plate. In all cases,some areas of the test plates (in particular, the edges) will remain untracked.3.5erosionloss of road marking on the test plate during wear simulator test3.6measurement areameasurement area is the summary of those areas of all the test plates of one tested productwhich are subject to test tyre roll-overs, which makes it possible to determine the requiredmeasurements3.7control platetest plate of a standard material and with a standard road marking material included in each testrun for indication of correct procedure
Page 6EN 13197:20014Requirements4.1Wear simulator tests and their testing conditions4.1.1General specification of test plates4.1.1.1SizeThe size of the test plates shall to be sufficient both for the wheels to pass entirely over the plateand for the necessary measurements to be performed.The dimensions of the test plates shall be at least the following:- length (parallel to line marking)300 mm- width (perpendicular to line marking)200 mm- thicknessthe thickness shall guarantee sufficient rigidityThe test plate shall be long enough to ensure that, in the test, the wheels tracks the plate so thatat no time does any part of a wheel travel over the outer 25 mm on either side of the test plate.The dimensions of the test plate shall be such that the applied road marking does not exceedthe edges of the test plate parallel to the marking direction.4.1.1.2Test plates material and surface conditionThe nature and roughness of the test plates selected for the test shall be recorded. The testplates shall be manufactured of sufficient rigidity to be able to be handled without obviousbending or breaking up at temperatures up to 60 °C.From each batch of test plates, one representative plate per hundred (or part thereof) shall betested under the standard regime being operated but without a road marking being applied. Thebatch shall be acceptable providing the representative plates have no deformation greater than2 mm, no cracks and no breaks or disintegration at the end of the test.The deformation shall be determined by the difference between the depth of the rut relative tothe original datum.The test report shall include an account of the texture depth determined by the methoddescribed in EN 1824:1998, annex B.NOTE 1 When preparing test plate surfaces, precautions should be taken to assume that the test resultswill not be influenced by a transfer of test plate material to the road marking. Preparing test plates byhigh-pressure water cleaning is recommended.NOTE 2 There is evidence that the texture depth has an influence on the result of wear simulator tests, atleast for materials applied in thin layers.4.1.1.3Test plate orientationThe test plates shall be aligned in the wear simulator so that the road markings areperpendicular or parallel to the movement of the loading wheels relative to the test plates.The test report shall include whether the road markings are aligned perpendicular or parallel tothe movement of the loading wheels relative to the test plates.
Page 7EN 13197:20014.1.2Loading wheel configurationThe test report shall include details of the wheel configuration including:- the number of wheels in parallel which will pass over a test plate at the same time; and- whether the wheel(s) is(are) stationary laterally or they track across the test plates.If the wheel(s) track laterally, the test report shall include the total sideways distance that awheel will move and the number of revolutions for one complete cycle of tracking.For circular wear simulators, the diameter of the circle through which the loading wheel(s) rotaterelative to the test plates shall also be included in the report.4.1.3Test conditions4.1.3.1Test conditions during applicationRoad marking materials shall be applied when the air temperature is between +10 °C and+ 35 °C and relative humidity is below a maximum of 80 %.The prevailing climatic conditions during application shall be measured with normal thermometer(accuracy ± 1,0 °C) and hygrometer (accuracy ± 5 %) and reported.4.1.3.2
Test conditions when determining no pickup-timeWhile determining the no pickup-time the air temperature, relative air humidity and exchangedair quantity in the climatic chamber shall be measured, kept constant and reported (seeannex A).4.1.3.3Test conditions during wear simulator testsThe air temperature shall be used at least as the minimum valid parameter, but the temperatureof the test plate during the test shall be measured by an infrared thermometer with automaticrecording and included in the report.4.2Technical conditions4.2.1Technical conditions for applicationRoad marking materials shall be applied using the type of application (e.g. spray or extrusion)used in practice.When a special method of application is necessary, it shall be recorded in the application reportand in the test report.The application shall be carried out in such a way that:- layer thickness;- layer weight; and- the quantity of drop on materials
Page 8EN 13197:2001does not differ by more than 10 % from the required amounts specified by the manufacturer.The distribution of road marking material and drop-on materials shall be uniform over the widthof the test marking and over the length of all test plates used.NOTE
An example of an application report is provided in annex B.4.2.2Technical conditions for wear simulator testsIn any test, the following parameters shall be defined quantitatively with tolerances and thevalues included in the report:- tyre
pressure of the loading wheel(s) in bar;- load on the test plate from a single loading wheel, measured when stationary in kilonewtons[kN];- support angle
of the loading wheel(s) in degrees [°];- steering angle of the loading wheel(s) in degrees [°];- linear speed of the loading wheel(s) relative to test plates in kilometres per hour [km/h];- driving direction;- driving cycles;- number of wheel roll-overs.If the following parameters are also used they shall be defined quantitatively with tolerances andthe values included in the report:- water;- fine aggregate/filler to stated grading; and- ultraviolet light.NOTE 1 The number and the type of test tyres should be chosen in such a way that the tyre will not affectthe visibility of the road marking under the chosen climatic conditions.NOTE 2 The amount of the steering angle is important for the amount of abrasion, the value of the supportangle is important for the nature of abrasion.4.3Test operationThe test plates, together with the road marking applied for test purposes, shall not be used inwear simulator tests before the applied road marking material has completely dried or hardenedin accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer.A sufficient area of the same material shall be tested with the same marking material in order toensure that the repeatability of the test can be checked.The location of the test plates can be chosen randomly or orderly.The test operation (test run) shall be interrupted in a way which corresponds to the chosenperiodicity and number of wheel roll-overs.The end of the test can also be determined by the number of wheel roll-overs necessary until thevalue of a given requirement goes under a certain fixed minimum.The following parameters shall be checked, reported and adjusted, if necessary, after eachinterruption in test runs, at least once a day:- tyre pressure of the loading wheel(s);
Page 9EN 13197:2001- support angle of the loading wheel(s;- steering angle of the loading wheel(s); and- static load applied by the wheel(s).The values and tolerances of these parameters shall be fixed depending of the type ofequipment.The following items shall be monitored continuously:- room temperature; and- pavement temperature.At least one test plate of a standard material and with a standard road marking material shall beincluded in each test run for indication of correct procedure (control plate). Measurements shallonly commence if the result on the standard road marking material on the control plate does notdeviate from the known and controlled characteristics in excess of the following listedpercentages when evaluated on the control plate:- 15 % for erosion- 15 % for day-time visibility & night-time visibility- 10 % for skid resistance.The entire test run shall be considered void, if deviations are higher than those stated above,then it may be assumed that changes are present (e.g., test tyres) which are not explainable bymeans of adjustment parameters.4.4SamplingFor identification of tested road marking materials and for laboratory tests if necessary samplesshall be taken according to ENV 13459-1 from each road marking material, from all of itscomponents in case of a
multiple component material, and from drop-on materials.NOTE 1
For materials used in more than one application, it is sufficient to take samples in connectionwith one application only.NOTE 2
Additional specifications for samples, e.g. of the quantities for sampling, can be included in thesampling process.4.5Measurements in relation to application4.5.1Measurement of no pickup-timeThe no pickup-time shall be measured only for paints and cold plastics. The no pickup-time shallbe measured in conjunction with the application of a road marking material as specified inannex A.NOTE
The method described in annex A is a modification of the method described in EN 1824 becausethe test conditions are kept constant.4.5.2Weight determinationDuring the application of a road marking material, the total applied weight of the road markingmaterial shall be determined for each of the test plates. For this determination one of themethods described in EN 1824 and ENV 13459-2:1999, annex G shall be used.
Page 10EN 13197:20014.5.3Determination of layer thicknessThe layer thickness shall be determined by the methods set out in annex C.4.5.4Determining the quantity of
drop-on materialsThe quantity of drop on materials shall be determined by the method set out in annex D.NOTE
The method described in annex D is a modification of the method described in EN 1824:19984.6Measurements in relation to the wear simulator test4.6.1Measuring parameters:Measurements shall be taken for:- Coefficient of retroreflected luminance:RL dry(1a)- Coefficient of retro
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