oSIST prEN 1993-1-9:2023
(Main)Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-9: Fatigue
Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-9: Fatigue
(1) EN 1993-1-9 gives methods for the assessment of fatigue resistance of members, connections and joints subjected to fatigue loading.
(2) These methods are derived from fatigue tests with large scale specimens, that include effects of geometrical and structural imperfections from material production and execution (e.g. the effects of tolerances and residual stresses from welding).
NOTE 1 For tolerances see EN 1090. The choice of the execution standard may be given in the National Annex, until such time as EN 1090 is published.
NOTE 2 The National Annex may give supplementary information on inspection requirements during fabrication.
(3) The rules are applicable to structures where execution conforms with EN 1090.
NOTE Where appropriate, supplementary requirements are indicated in the detail category tables.
(4) The assessment methods given in this part are applicable to all grades of structural steels, stainless steels and unprotected weathering steels except where noted otherwise in the detail category tables. This part only applies to materials which conform to the toughness requirements of EN 1993-1-10.
(5) Fatigue assessment methods other than the R-N methods as the notch strain method or fracture mechanics methods are not covered by this part.
(6) Post fabrication treatments to improve the fatigue strength other than stress relief are not covered in this part.
(7) The fatigue strengths given in this part apply to structures operating under normal atmospheric conditions and with sufficient corrosion protection and regular maintenance. The effect of seawater corrosion is not covered. Microstructural damage from high temperature (> 150 °C) is not covered.
Eurocode 3: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 1-9: Ermüdung
Eurocode 3: Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 1-9: Fatigue
Evrokod 3: Projektiranje jeklenih konstrukcij – 1-9. del: Utrujanje
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1993-1-9:2023
01-maj-2023
Evrokod 3: Projektiranje jeklenih konstrukcij – 1-9. del: Utrujanje
Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-9: Fatigue
Eurocode 3: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 1-9: Ermüdung
Eurocode 3: Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 1-9: Fatigue
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1993-1-9
ICS:
91.010.30 Tehnični vidiki Technical aspects
91.080.13 Jeklene konstrukcije Steel structures
oSIST prEN 1993-1-9:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1993-1-9
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2023
ICS Will supersede EN 1993-1-9:2005
English Version
Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-9: Fatigue
Eurocode 3: Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 1-9: Eurocode 3: Bemessung und Konstruktion von
Fatigue Stahlbauten - Teil 1-9: Ermüdung
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 250.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1993-1-9:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
1 Scope . 9
1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-9 . 9
1.2 Assumptions . 9
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 10
3.1 Terms and definitions . 10
3.1.1 General. 10
3.1.2 Fatigue actions . 15
3.1.3 Fatigue action effect . 17
3.1.4 Fatigue resistance . 19
3.1.5 Fatigue verification . 24
3.2 Symbols . 25
4 Basis of fatigue design . 27
5 Fatigue design concepts . 28
6 Fatigue design methods . 29
6.1 Design stress methods . 29
6.2 Verification methods . 29
7 Fatigue action effect . 30
7.1 Calculation of nominal stresses . 30
7.2 Relevant nominal stresses . 30
7.3 Calculation of nominal stress ranges . 33
7.3.1 General. 33
7.3.2 Design value of nominal stress range . 33
7.4 Effective design value of stress range . 34
8 Fatigue resistance . 35
8.1 Fatigue resistance curves . 35
8.2 Classification of constructional details . 41
8.3 Fatigue resistance modifications . 42
8.3.1 Size effect . 42
8.3.2 Post-fabrication treatment . 42
9 Fatigue verification . 43
9.1 Verification with respect to elastic behaviour . 43
9.2 Verification with respect to reference value . 43
9.3 Verification with respect to fatigue limit . 44
9.4 Verification for multiaxial fatigue . 44
10 Classified constructional details for the nominal stress method . 45
Annex A (normative) Verification using cumulative linear damage model . 84
A.1 Use of this annex . 84
A.2 Scope and field of application . 84
A.3 Fatigue action effect . 84
A.3.1 Stresses from fatigue actions . 84
A.3.2 Calculation of stress ranges . 84
A.4 Fatigue resistance . 85
A.4.1 Endurance for the nominal stress method . 85
A.4.2 Endurance for the hot spot stress method . 87
A.4.3 Endurance for the effective notch stress method. 87
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A.4.4 Endurance for welded joints subjected to High Frequency Mechanical Impact
Treatment . 87
A.5 Fatigue verification . 88
Annex B (normative) Hot spot stress method . 91
B.1 Use of this annex . 91
B.2 Scope and field of application . 91
B.3 Fatigue action effect . 91
B.3.1 Stresses from fatigue actions. 91
B.3.2 Calculation of stress ranges . 93
B.4 Fatigue resistance . 94
B.4.1 Fatigue resistance curves . 94
B.4.2 Classification of constructional details . 96
B.4.3 Fatigue resistance modification . 99
B.5 Fatigue verification . 100
Annex C (normative) Effective notch stress method . 101
C.1 Use of this annex . 101
C.2 Scope and field of application . 101
C.3 Fatigue action effect . 101
C.3.1 Stresses from fatigue action. 101
C.3.2 Calculation of stress ranges . 102
C.4 Fatigue resistance . 103
C.4.1 Fatigue resistance curves . 103
C.4.2 Classification of constructional details . 103
C.5 Fatigue verification . 104
Annex D (informative) Recommendations for magnification factors k and stress
1
concentration factors k . 105
f
D.1 Use of this annex . 105
D.2 Scope and field of application . 105
D.3 Secondary moments in lattice girders . 105
D.4 Flanges of ⌶-section girders with transitions in thickness or width . 106
D.5 Thickness transitions in plates . 108
D.6 Shell structures . 108
Annex E (informative) Recommendations for preloaded bolts and rods subject to tension
. 109
E.1 Use of this annex . 109
E.2 Scope and field of application . 109
E.3 Simplified calculation method . 110
Annex F (informative) Fatigue design of welded joints subjected to High Frequency
Mechanical Impact Treatment . 112
F.1 Use of this annex . 112
F.2 Scope and field of application . 112
F.3 Fatigue action effect . 113
F.3.1 Stresses from fatigue actions. 113
F.3.2 Calculation of the stress ranges . 113
F.4 Fatigue resistance . 114
F.4.1 Fatigue resistance curves . 114
F.4.2 Classification of constructional details . 115
F.4.3 Alternative formulae for determination of detail category . 119
F.4.4 Fatigue resistance modification . 119
F.5 Fatigue verification . 120
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F.6 Requirements for application . 120
F.6.1 Requirements for welds before HFMI treatment . 120
F.6.2 Requirements for welds after HFMI treatment . 121
F.6.3 Quality control . 121
F.7 Treatment of variable amplitude loading . 121
Annex G (informative) Hot spot stress reference detail method . 123
G.1 Use of this annex . 123
G.2 Scope and field of application . 123
G.3 Fatigue action effect . 123
G.4 Fatigue resistance . 123
G.5 Fatigue verification . 124
Bibliography . 125
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European foreword
This document (prEN 1993-1-9:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250
“Structural Codes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural
Eurocodes and has been assigned responsibility for structural and geotechnical design matters by CEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1993-1-9:2005 and EN 1993-1-9:2005/AC:2009.
The first generation of EN Eurocodes was published between 2002 and 2007. This document forms part
of the second generation of the Eurocodes, which have been prepared under Mandate M/515 issued to
CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
The Eurocodes have been drafted to be used in conjunction with relevant execution, material, product
and test standards, and to identify requirements for execution, materials, products and testing that are
relied upon by the Eurocodes.
The Eurocodes recognise the responsibility of each Member State and have safeguarded their right to
determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level through the use of national
annexes.
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Introduction
0.1 Introduction to the Eurocodes
The Structural Eurocodes comprise the following standards generally consisting of a number of parts:
• EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of structural and geotechnical design;
• EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures;
• EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures;
• EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures;
• EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures;
• EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures;
• EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures;
• EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design;
• EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance;
• EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures;
• New parts are under development, e.g. Eurocode for design of structural glass.
The Eurocodes are intended for use by designers, clients, manufacturers, constructors, relevant
authorities (in exercising their duties in accordance with national or international regulations),
educators, soft-ware developers, and committees drafting standards for related product, testing and
execution standards.
NOTE Some aspects of design are most appropriately specified by relevant authorities or, where not specified,
can be agreed on a project-specific basis between relevant parties such as designers and clients. The Eurocodes
identify such aspects making explicit reference to relevant authorities and relevant parties.
0.2 Introduction to EN 1993 (all parts)
EN 1993 (all parts) applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in steel. It complies with
the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, the basis of their design
and verification that are given in EN 1990 – Basis of structural design.
EN 1993 (all parts) is concerned only with requirements for resistance, serviceability, durability and fire
resistance of steel structures. Other requirements, e.g. concerning thermal or sound insulation, are not
covered.
EN 1993 is subdivided in various parts:
• EN 1993-1, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings;
• EN 1993-2, Design of Steel Structures — Part 2: Steel bridges;
• EN 1993-3, Design of Steel Structures — Part 3: Towers, masts and chimneys;
• EN 1993-4, Design of Steel Structures — Part 4: Silos and tanks;
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• EN 1993-5, Design of Steel Structures — Part 5: Piling;
• EN 1993-6, Design of Steel Structures — Part 6: Crane supporting structures;
• EN 1993-7, Design of steel structures — Part 7: Design of sandwich panels.
EN 1993-1 in itself does not exist as a physical document, but as a document series that comprises the
following 14 separate parts, the basic part being EN 1993-1-1:
• EN 1993-1-1, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings;
• EN 1993-1-2, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-2: Structural fire design;
• EN 1993-1-3, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-3: Cold-formed members and sheeting;
NOTE Cold formed hollow sections supplied according to EN 10219 are covered in EN 1993-1-1.
• EN 1993-1-4, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-4: Stainless steels;
• EN 1993-1-5, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-5: Plated structural elements;
• EN 1993-1-6, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-6: Strength and stability of shell structures;
• EN 1993-1-7, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-7: Strength and stability of planar plated structures
transversely loaded;
• EN 1993-1-8, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-8: Design of joints;
• EN 1993-1-9, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-9: Fatigue strength of steel structures;
• EN 1993-1-10, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-10: Material toughness and through-thickness
properties;
• EN 1993-1-11, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-11: Design of structures with tension components
made of steel;
• EN 1993-1-12, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-12: Additional rules for steel grades up to S960;
• EN 1993-1-13, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-13: Beams with large web openings;
• EN 1993-1-14, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-14: Design assisted by finite element analysis.
All subsequent parts numbered EN 1993-1-2 to EN 1993-1-14 treat general topics that are independent
from the structural type like structural fire design, cold-formed members and sheeting, stainless steels,
plated structural elements, etc.
All subsequent parts numbered EN 1993-2 to EN 1993-7 treat topics relevant for a specific structural
type like steel bridges, towers, masts and chimneys, silos and tanks, piling, crane supporting structures,
etc. EN 1993-2 to EN 1993-7 refer to the generic rules in EN 1993-1 and supplement, modify or supersede
them.
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0.3 Introduction to EN 1993-1-9
EN 1993-1-9 gives specific design rules for verification of fatigue resistance of steel structures. It is
intended to be used with EN 1990, EN 1991 and EN 1993-1. Matters that are already covered in those
documents are not repeated. The focus in EN 1993-1-9 is on design rules that supplement, modify or
supersede the equivalent provisions given in EN 1993-1.
0.4 Verbal forms used in the Eurocodes
The verb “shall" expresses a requirement strictly to be followed and from which no deviation is permitted
in order to comply with the Eurocodes.
The verb “should” expresses a highly recommended choice or course of action. Subject to national
regulation and/or any relevant contractual provisions, alternative approaches could be used/adopted
where technically justified.
The verb “may" expresses a course of action permissible within the limits of the Eurocodes.
The verb “can" expresses possibility and capability; it is used for statements of fact and clarification of
concepts.
0.5 National annex for EN 1993-1-9
National choice is allowed in this standard where explicitly stated within notes. National choice includes
the selection of values for Nationally Determined Parameters (NDPs).
The national standard implementing EN 1993-1-9 can have a National Annex containing all national
choices to be used for the design of steel structures to be constructed in the relevant country.
When no national choice is given, the default choice given in this standard is to be used.
When no national choice is made and no default is given in this standard, the choice can be specified by a
relevant authority or, where not specified, agreed for a specific project by appropriate parties.
National choice is allowed in EN 1993-1-9 through notes to the following:
1.1(8) 4(6) 5(4) 5(6)
6.1(3) – 3 choices 7.1(4) 8.2(1) – 2 choices 9.1(1)
9.4(3) B.2(1) B.2(1) C.2(4)
C.2(5) F.2(2) F.2(5) F.2(6)
F.3.2(1) F.4.2.1(3)
National choice is allowed in EN 1993-1-9 on the application of the following informative annexes:
Annex D Annex E Annex F Annex G
The National annex may contain, directly or by reference, non-contradictory complementary information
for ease of implementation, provided it does not alter any provisions of the Eurocodes.
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1 Scope
1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-9
(1) EN 1993-1-9 gives design methods for the verification of the fatigue design situation of steel
structures.
NOTE Steel structures consist of members and their joints. Each member and joint can be represented as a
constructional detail or as several of the latter.
(2) Design methods other than the stress-based methods, such as the notch strain method or fracture
mechanics methods, are not covered by EN 1993-1-9.
(3) EN 1993-1-9 only applies to structures made of all grades of structural steels which conform to
EN 1993-1 (all parts), in accordance with the provisions noted in the detail category tables or annexes.
(4) EN 1993-1-9 only applies to structures where execution conforms to EN 1090-2.
NOTE Supplementary execution requirements are indicated in the detail category tables.
(5) EN 1993-1-9 applies to structures operating under normal atmospheric conditions and with
sufficient corrosion protection and regular maintenance. The effect of seawater corrosion is not covered.
(6) EN 1993-1-9 applies to structures with hot dip galvanizing in accordance with the provisions
noted in the detail category tables or annexes.
(7) Microstructural damage from high temperature (> 150°C) that occurs during the design service
life is not covered.
(8) EN 1993-1-9 gives guidance of how to consider post-fabrication treatments that are intended to
improve the fatigue resistance of constructional details.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and the other relevant parts of EN 1993-1
(all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-9 are applicable if:
• the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2, and
• the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts on EN 1993 (all
parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(3) The design methods of EN 1993-1-9 are generally derived from fatigue tests on constructional
details with large scale specimens that include effects of geometrical and structural imperfections from
material production and execution (e.g. the effects of tolerances and residual stresses from welding).
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2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited appl
...
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