oSIST prEN IEC 61010-2-203:2022
(Main)Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use - Part 2-203: Particular requirements for industrial communication circuits and communication port interconnection
Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use - Part 2-203: Particular requirements for industrial communication circuits and communication port interconnection
1 Scope and object
This clause of Part 1 is applicable, except as follows.
1.1.1 Equipment included in scope
Replacement:
Replace the text by the following paragraphs:
This part of IEC 61010 specifies:
This part of IEC 61010 specifies particular safety requirements for industrial COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS and their INTERCONNECTION where equipment is intended to be installed in a process or discrete control environment.
NOTE - The equipment could be connected to an overall communication network.
These include COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS and INTERCONNECTIONS which are part of electrical test and measurement equipment or process control equipment, where these are intended to be used in an industrial environment.
Type of COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS covered:
NOTE - Any industrial process control equipment can have more than one COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT.
- COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS with COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS below 50 V r.m.s., 70 V peak and 120 V DC, where the COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT is expected to be exposed to excessive transients in the end use installation.
[Figure 1]
[...]
1.1.2 Equipment excluded from scope
[...]
Sicherheitsbestimmungen für elektrische Mess-, Steuer-, Regel- und Laborgeräte – Teil 2-203: Besondere Anforderungen an industrielle Kommunikations-Schaltkreise und Kommunikations-Schnittstellen
Règles de sécurité pour appareils électriques de mesurage, de régulation et de laboratoire - Partie 2-203: Règles particulières concernant les circuits de communication industriels et l’interconnexion des ports de communication
Varnostne zahteve za električno opremo za meritve, nadzor in laboratorijsko uporabo - 2-203. del: Posebne zahteve za industrijska komunikacijska vezja in povezovanje komunikacijskih vrat
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 61010-2-203:2022
01-maj-2022
Varnostne zahteve za električno opremo za meritve, nadzor in laboratorijsko
uporabo - 2-203. del: Posebne zahteve za industrijska komunikacijska vezja in
povezovanje komunikacijskih vrat
Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory
use - Part 2-203: Particular requirements for industrial communication circuits and
communication port interconnection
Règles de sécurité pour appareils électriques de mesurage, de régulation et de
laboratoire - Partie 2-203: Règles particulières concernant les circuits de communication
industriels et l’interconnexion des ports de communication
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 61010-2-203:2022
ICS:
19.080 Električno in elektronsko Electrical and electronic
preskušanje testing
71.040.10 Kemijski laboratoriji. Chemical laboratories.
Laboratorijska oprema Laboratory equipment
oSIST prEN IEC 61010-2-203:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN IEC 61010-2-203:2022
65/914/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 61010-2-203 ED1
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2022-03-18 2022-06-10
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
65/824/CD, 65/850A/CC
IEC TC 65 : INDUSTRIAL-PROCESS MEASUREMENT, CONTROL AND AUTOMATION
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
France Mr Didier GIARRATANO
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
TC 66
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if
any, in this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft
for Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
TITLE:
Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use - Part
2-203: Particular requirements for industrial communication circuits and communication port
interconnection
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2028
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
Copyright © 2022 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to download this
electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions.
You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without
permission in writing from IEC.
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1 CONTENTS
2
3 FOREWORD . 4
4 INTRODUCTION . 6
5 1 Scope and object . 7
6 1.1.1 Equipment included in scope . 7
7 1.1.2 Equipment excluded from scope . 8
8 1.2.2 Aspects excluded from scope . 8
9 2 Normative references . 8
10 3 Terms and definitions . 8
11 4 Tests . 10
12 5 Marking and documentation . 10
13 5.1.5 TERMINALS, connections and operating devices . 10
14 5.4.2 Equipment RATINGS . 11
15 6 Protection against electric shock . 11
16 6.6 Connections to external circuits . 11
17 6.6.101 COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT TERMINALS with HAZARDOUS LIVE COMMUNICATION
18 VOLTAGE . 11
19 6.6.102 COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT TERMINALS with non-HAZARDOUS LIVE
20 COMMUNICATION VOLTAGE . 12
21 6.6.103 Protection against external transients . 12
22 6.7 Insulation requirements . 13
23 6.7.1.101 Insulation requirements . 13
24 6.7.1.102 Transients from COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS . 13
25 6.7.1.102.1 General. 13
26 6.7.1.102.2 Measurement of TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGES from a COMMUNICATION
27 CIRCUITS . 15
28 6.7.1.102.3 Measurement procedure . 15
29 6.7.3.101 Specific requirements for COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS . 15
30 6.7.3.101.1 General . 15
31 6.7.3.101.2 Insulation to protective earth, earth and earthed parts . 16
32 6.7.3.102. CLEARANCES . 16
33 6.7.3.103 CREEPAGE DISTANCE . 17
34 7 Protection against mechanical HAZARDS . 17
35 8 Resistance to mechanical stresses . 17
36 9 Protection against the spread of fire . 17
37 10 Equipment temperature limits and resistance to heat . 17
38 11 Protection against HAZARDS from fluids . 17
39 12 Protection against radiation, including laser sources, and against sonic and
40 ultrasonic pressure . 17
41 13 Protection against liberated gases and substances, explosion and implosion . 17
42 14 Components and subassemblies . 17
43 15 Protection by interlocks . 17
44 16 Hazards resulting from application . 18
45 17 RISK assessment . 18
46 Bibliography . 29
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IEC 61010-2-203 CDV IEC – 3 –
47
48 Figure 1 – Equipment under test (EUT) . 7
49 Figure 100 – EUT, connections to external circuits. 12
50 Figure 101 – Requirements for insulation between separate COMMUNICATION
51 CIRCUITS and other circuits . 13
52 Figure 102 – Example of a Remote I/O with transients from COMMUNICATION
53 CIRCUITS derived from non-hazardous live secondary circuits . 14
54 Figure 103 – Example of a Remote I/O with transients from COMMUNICATION
55 CIRCUITS derived from hazardous live secondary circuits . 14
56 Figure 104 – Test for separation between a communication network and earth . 16
57 Figure BB.1 – Equipment with and connected to COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS with
58 expected transient overvoltages of 4000 V . 20
59 Figure BB.2 – Equipment with and connected to COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS with
60 expected transient overvoltages of 6000 V . 20
61 Figure CC.1 – Two identical systems not connected together . 21
62 Figure CC.2 – Example 1 – Interconnection of two identical systems . 22
63 Figure CC.3 – Interconnection of two identical systems with additional devices . 22
64 Figure CC.4 – Example 2 – Interconnection of two identical systems . 23
65 Figure CC.5 – Interconnection of two identical systems with additional devices . 24
66 Figure CC.6 – Example 3 – Interconnection of two different systems . 25
67 Figure CC.7 – Example 3 – Interconnection of two different systems with additional
68 devices . 26
69 Figure CC.8 – Example 4 – Interconnection of two different systems with additional
70 devices and failure in one system influencing the other . 27
71 Figure CC.9 – Example 5 – Interconnection of two different systems with different OVC
72 and failure in one system influencing the other . 28
73
74 Table 1 – Symbols . 10
75 Table 101 – CLEARANCES and CREEPAGE DISTANCES for COMMUNICATION
76 CIRCUIT TERMINALS with HAZARDOUS LIVE conductive parts . 12
77 Table 102 – CLEARANCES for COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS . 17
78 Table AA.1 – Typical communication techniques with normative references and
79 voltages . 19
80
81
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82 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
83 ____________
84
85 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR
86 MEASUREMENT, CONTROL AND LABORATORY USE –
87
88 Part 2-203: Particular requirements for industrial communication circuits
89 and communication port interconnection
90
91 FOREWORD
92 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
93 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
94 international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
95 this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
96 Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
97 Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
98 in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
99 governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
100 with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
101 agreement between the two organizations.
102 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
103 consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
104 interested IEC National Committees.
105 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
106 Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
107 Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
108 misinterpretation by any end user.
109 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
110 transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
111 between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
112 the latter.
113 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
114 assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
115 services carried out by independent certification bodies.
116 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
117 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
118 members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
119 other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
120 expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
121 Publications.
122 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
123 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
124 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
125 patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
126 International Standard IEC 61020-2-203 has been prepared by committee TC 65: Industrial-
127 process measurement and automation.
128 The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
65/XX/FDIS XX/XX/RVD
129
130 Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
131 voting indicated in the above table.
132 This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
133 This Part 2-203 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 61010-1. It was
134 established on the basis of IEC 61010-1 Edition 3.1.
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135 The Annex(ex) form an integral part of this standard.
136 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
137 the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
138 related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
139 • reconfirmed,
140 • withdrawn,
141 • replaced by a revised edition, or
142 • amended.
143
144
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145 INTRODUCTION
146 IEC 61010-2-2xx documents are a series of standards on safety of industrial-process
147 measurement, control and automation equipment.
148 Safety terms of general use are defined in IEC 61010-1. More specific terms are defined in
149 each part.
150 Part 2-203 incorporates the safety related requirements for industrial COMMUNICATION
151 CIRCUITS.
152 This document compliments IEC 62368-1, where IEC 62368-1 applies to domestic and
153 commercial equipment, covering mostly one-to-one connections without considering the whole
154 communication network that can contain several COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS.
155 Thus, industrial COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS might require additional consideration based
156 on the expected transients of interconnected equipment, where the equipment is supplied
157 from different mains with different overvoltage categories (OVC), or where environmental
158 factors may affect the COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS.
Equipment under the scope of IEC 61010-1,
IEC 61010-2-201, IEC 61010-2-202,
connected to communication circuits in
industrial environment
Apply IEC 62368-1, IEC 62368-3, IEC 62949 as
Yes
Aspects fully covered by IEC 62368-1, applicable, e.g. telecommunication circuits
IEC 62368-3, IEC 62949? including ISDN, wireless communication,
powered USB, PoE, etc.
No
Yes
Aspects fully covered by IEC 61010-1, Apply IEC 61010-1, IEC 61010-2-201 as
IEC 61010-2-201? applicable.
No
Apply IEC 61010-2-203
e.g. powerline communication (PLC),
excessive transient overvoltages expected
through communication circuits, etc.
159
160 Additional requirements for equipment having the capability to supply DC power over
161 commonly used communication cables, such as USB or Ethernet (PoE), are given in IEC
162 62368-3.
163 Additional requirements for equipment acting as communication end device connected to
164 information and communication networks, where no further interfaces to other nets need to be
165 considered, are covered in IEC 62949.
166
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167 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR
168 MEASUREMENT, CONTROL AND LABORATORY USE –
169
170 Part 2-203: Particular requirements for industrial communication circuits
171 and communication port interconnection
172
173
174 1 Scope and object
175 This clause of Part 1 is applicable, except as follows.
176 1.1.1 Equipment included in scope
177 Replacement:
178 Replace the text by the following paragraphs:
179 This part of IEC 61010 specifies:
180 This part of IEC 61010 specifies particular safety requirements for industrial COMMUNICATION
181 CIRCUITS and their INTERCONNECTION where equipment is intended to be installed in a process
182 or discrete control environment.
183 NOTE – The equipment could be connected to an overall communication network.
184 These include COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS and INTERCONNECTIONS which are part of electrical
185 test and measurement equipment or process control equipment, where these are intended to
186 be used in an industrial environment.
187 Type of COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS covered:
188 NOTE – Any industrial process control equipment can have more than one COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT.
189 – COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS with COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS below 50 V r.m.s., 70 V peak
190 and 120 V DC, where the COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT is expected to be exposed to excessive
191 transients in the end use installation.
192
Transients from
Transients from
communication networks
supply source of the equipment
COMMUNICATION
CIRCUIT 1
COMMUNICATION
CIRCUIT 2
Equipment under test (EUT)
193
194 Figure 1 – Equipment under test (EUT)
195 NOTE 1 – Excessive overvoltage transients can occur from the equipment supply sources or from
196 COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT terminals. A mismatch of overvoltage transients for equipment interconnected
197 through a COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT can result in an electrical shock hazard.
198 NOTE 2 – Excessive overvoltage transients through the supply sources can occur in COMMUNICATION
199 PROTOCOLS of secondary circuits when the expected overvoltage transient from the supply source may be
200 equal to or exceed 2500 V peak.
201 Example:
202 - Supply from an OVC III supply source, with a line to neutral voltage exceeding 150 V r.m.s.
203 - Supply from an OVC II supply source, with a line to neutral voltage exceeding 300 V r.m.s.
terminals
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204 NOTE 3 – Excessive overvoltage transients through COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT terminal inputs can be
205 caused by environmental factors or equipment connected to an overall communication network.
206 Example:
207 Cables / wiring between transmitting and receiving equipment, can act as an antenna and expose a risk of
208 higher transients from environmental factors, e.g. lightning strikes.
209 COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS can experience excessive transients from the remote COMMUNICATION
210 CIRCUIT terminal outputs from interconnected equipment.
211 NOTE 4 – SELV and PELV communication cables / wiring between equipment located in the same building are
212 generally considered to not be subjected to external transients due to reduced environmental influences.
213 – COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS with COMMUNICATION protocols below 50 V r.m.s., 70 V peak and
214 120 V DC;
215 – In addition, where the equipment contains connection to multiple different COMMUNICATION
216 CIRCUITS, where the interconnection of these different COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS can create
217 voltages (differential mode) exceeding 50 V r.m.s., 70 V peak and 120 V DC.
218 COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS not classified in one of the circuit types above, are excluded, and not
219 covered by the scope and requirements of this document.
220 1.1.2 Equipment excluded from scope
221 Replacement:
222 Replace the text by the following paragraphs:
223 This standard does not apply to equipment within the scope of:
224 – IEC 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment – Part 1:
225 Safety requirements
226 Additionally, this standard does not apply to COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS within the scope of
227 – IEC 62368-3 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment – Part 3:
228 Safety aspects for DC power transfer through communication cables and
229 ports
230 – IEC 62949 Particular safety requirements for equipment to be connected to information
231 and communication technology networks
232 – IEC 60825-2 Safety of laser products - Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication
233 systems (OFCS)
234 1.2.2 Aspects excluded from scope
235 This standard does not cover:
236 a) Optical or wireless interfaces resp. COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS.
237 b) Requirements for protection against the effects of direct lightning strikes.
238 2 Normative references
239 This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
240 3 Terms and definitions
241 This clause of Part 1 is applicable, except as follows:
242 Add the following terms and definitions:
243 3.101.1
244 SECONDARY CIRCUIT
245 circuit where separation from MAINS CIRCUITS is achieved by a transformer in which the
246 primary windings are separated from the secondary windings by REINFORCED INSULATION,
247 DOUBLE INSULATION, or a screen connected to the PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR TERMINAL.
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248 The secondary circuit has no direct conductive connection to a MAINS CIRCUITS and derives its
249 power from a transformer, converter or equivalent isolation device, or from a small battery.
250 Note to entry - These circuits are assumed to be subjected to 1 overvoltage category lower TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGE levels than
251 the MAINS CIRCUITS.
252 3.101.2
253 SAFETY EXTRA-LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
254 SELV CIRCUIT
255 non-protective earth referenced electrical circuit in which the voltage cannot exceed the
256 following:
257 NORMAL CONDITION and SINGLE FAULT CONDITION: The AC voltage levels are 30 V r.m.s., 42,4 V
258 peak and the DC voltage level is 60 V. For equipment intended for use in WET LOCATIONS, the
259 AC voltage levels are 16 V r.m.s., 22,6 V peak and the DC. voltage level is 35 V.
260 Note to entry - Transients are not considered in SELV (OVC I circuits), where these are derived from circuits
261 supplied from OVC II, below 300 V line to neutral voltage.
262 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-826-12-31:2004, modified – clarified and more fully described]
263 3.101.3
264 PROTECTIVE EXTRA-LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
265 PELV CIRCUIT
266 protective earth referenced electrical circuit in which the voltage cannot exceed the following:
267 NORMAL CONDITION and SINGLE FAULT CONDITION: The AC voltage levels are 30 V r.m.s., 42,4 V
268 peak and the DC voltage level is 60 V. For equipment intended for use in WET LOCATIONS, the
269 AC voltage levels are 16 V r.m.s., 22,6 V peak and the DC. voltage level is 35 V.
270 Note to entry - Transients are not considered in PELV (OVC I circuits), where these are derived from circuits
271 supplied from OVC II, below 300 V line to neutral voltage.
272 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-826-12-31:2004, modified – clarified and more fully described]
273 3.101.4
274 COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT
275 circuit that is in the equipment and to which the accessible area of contact is limited and that
276 is so designed and protected that, under normal conditions and single fault conditions, the
277 voltages do not exceed specified limit values.
278 NOTE 1 to entry – See Annex AA for COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS and their specified limit values.
279 NOTE 2 to entry – A COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT is considered to be a secondary circuit derived from another
280 secondary circuit in this standard.
281 NOTE 3 to entry – A COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT can be part of an overall COMMUNICATION NETWORK.
282 3.101.5
283 COMMUNICATION NETWORK
284 metallically terminated transmission medium intended for communication between equipment
285 that may be located in separate buildings, excluding:
286 – the mains system for supply, transmission and distribution of electrical power, if used as a
287 communication transmission medium;
288 – cable distribution systems;
289 – SELV CIRCUITS
290 NOTE 1 to entry - The term COMMUNICATION NETWORK is defined in terms of its functionality, not its electrical
291 characteristics. A COMMUNICATION NETWORK is not itself defined as being either an SELV circuit or a
292 COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT. Only the circuits in the equipment are so classified.
293 NOTE 2 to entry: Cable for COMMUNICATION NETWORK consists of two or more conductors intended for
294 communication and/or power transfer between the various pieces of equipment. The equipment may be located
295 within the same or separate structures, buildings or locations, excluding:
296 – the mains system for supply, transmission and distribution of electrical power, if used as a communication
297 transmission medium;
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298 - this may include twisted pairs, and may include circuits, that are subjected to transient overvoltages of up to 1,5
299 kV. This may be 2kV in critical industrial environment, e.g. close to a welding machine.
300 NOTE 3 to entry: For information about circuit voltages and signals which may be present, see Annex B of IEC
301 62949:2017.
302 NOTE 4 to entry - A COMMUNICATION NETWORK may be:
303 – publicly or privately owned;
304 – subject to transient overvoltages due to atmospheric discharges and faults in power distribution systems;
305 – subject to longitudinal (common mode) voltages induced from nearby power lines or electric traction lines.
306 NOTE 5 to entry - Examples of COMMUNICATION NETWORKS are:
307 – level meters connected to a control room via Ethernet for monitoring the liquid level of tanks in a chemical plant;
308 – a bottling plant build-up via fieldbuses for control and diagnoses;
309 – a waste incineration plant interconnected via different COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS as SDCI (Single-drop digital
310 communication interface) and RS485
311 for emergency shut-downs of discrete parts;
312 – a data network of an industrial facility, as those specified in IEC 61784-1, IEC 61784-2, whose installation is
313 specified in IEC 61918 and detailed in IEC 61784-5 series of installation profiles.
314
315 [SOURCE: IEC 62368-3 ed 1.0 (2017-12), information and communication technology network
316 ICT network definition modified]
317 3.101.6
318 COMMUNICATION VOLTAGE
319 maximum signal voltage utilized to transfer information
320 Note: for the communication techniques l
...
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