SIST-TS CEN/TS 17405:2020
(Main)Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of carbon dioxide - Reference method: infrared spectrometry
Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of carbon dioxide - Reference method: infrared spectrometry
This European Technical Specification specifies the standard reference method (SRM) for the measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) based on the Infrared (IR) absorption principle. It includes the sampling and the gas conditioning system, and allows the determination of the CO2 in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere from ducts and stacks.
This European Standard specifies the characteristics to be determined and the performance criteria to be fulfilled by portable automated measuring systems (P-AMS) using the IR measurement method. It applies for periodic monitoring and for the calibration or control of automated measuring systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes.
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Ermittlung der Massenkonzentration von Kohlenstoffdioxid - Referenzverfahren: Infrarot-Spektrometrie
Dieses Dokument legt das Referenzverfahren (RM) zur Messung von Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) auf Basis des Infrarot-Absorptionsverfahrens fest. Es beinhaltet die Einrichtungen zur Probenahme und zur Probengasaufbereitung und erlaubt die Bestimmung von CO2 in Abgasen, die aus Abgaskanälen und Kaminen in die Atmosphäre emittiert werden. Dieses Dokument legt die Messung der gesamten CO2-Konzentration fest und unterscheidet nicht zwischen biogenem und fossilem CO2.
Dieses Dokument legt zu bestimmende Verfahrenskenngrößen und Mindestanforderungen fest, die von portablen automatischen Messeinrichtungen (P-AMS) auf Basis des Infrarot-Messverfahrens eingehalten werden müssen. Sie gilt für wiederkehrende Messungen und für die Kalibrierung oder Überprüfung von automatischen Messeinrichtungen (AMS), die aus gesetzgeberischen oder anderen Gründen stationär an einem Abgaskanal installiert sind.
Émissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la concentration massique en dioxyde de carbone - Méthode de référence spectrométrie infrarouge
Le présent document spécifie la méthode de référence (RM) permettant de mesurer le dioxyde de carbone (CO2) en utilisant le principe de l’absorption infrarouge (IR). Elle inclut le système de prélèvement et de conditionnement des gaz et permet de doser le CO2 dans les effluents gazeux rejetés dans l’atmosphère par les conduits et les cheminées. Le présent document spécifie le mesurage de la concentration totale en CO2 et ne fait pas de distinction entre le CO2 d’origine biogénique et d’origine fossile.
Le présent document spécifie les caractéristiques devant être déterminées et les critères de performance devant être remplis par les systèmes de mesurage automatisés portables (P AMS) en utilisant la méthode de mesurage IR. Il s’applique à la surveillance périodique ainsi qu’à l’étalonnage ou au contrôle des systèmes de mesurage automatisés (AMS) installés à demeure sur une cheminée, à des fins réglementaires ou autres.
Emisije nepremičnih virov - Določevanje masne koncentracije ogljikovega dioksida - Referenčna metoda: infrardeča spektroskopija
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 17405:2020
01-november-2020
Emisije nepremičnih virov - Določevanje masne koncentracije ogljikovega
dioksida - Referenčna metoda: infrardeča spektroskopija
Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of carbon dioxide
- Reference method: infrared spectrometry
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Ermittlung der Massenkonzentration von
Kohlenstoffdioxid - Referenzverfahren: Infrarot-Spektrometrie
Émissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la concentration massique en dioxyde de
carbone - Méthode de référence spectrométrie infrarouge
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 17405:2020
ICS:
13.040.40 Emisije nepremičnih virov Stationary source emissions
SIST-TS CEN/TS 17405:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 17405:2020
CEN/TS 17405
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
September 2020
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 13.040.40
English Version
Stationary source emissions - Determination of the volume
concentration of carbon dioxide - Reference method:
infrared spectrometry
Émissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Ermittlung der
concentration volumique en dioxyde de carbone - Volumenkonzentration von Kohlenstoffdioxid -
Méthode de référence spectrométrie infrarouge Referenzverfahren: Infrarot-Spektrometrie
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 16 September 2019 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 17405:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 12
5 Principle . 13
6 Description of the measuring system . 13
7 Performance characteristics . 17
8 Suitability of the measuring system for the measurement task . 18
9 Field operation . 19
10 Ongoing quality control . 22
11 Expression of results . 23
12 Measurement report . 23
Annex A (informative) Schematics of non-dispersive infrared spectrometer . 24
Annex B (informative) Schematics of measuring system . 26
Annex C (informative) Example of assessment of compliance of the non-dispersive infrared
method for CO against uncertainty requirements on emission measurements . 27
2
Annex D (informative) Example of correction of data from drift effect . 32
Bibliography . 34
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European foreword
This document (CEN/TS 17405:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air
quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
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1 Scope
This document specifies the reference method (RM) for the measurement of carbon dioxide (CO ) based
2
on the infrared (IR) absorption principle. It includes the sampling and the gas conditioning system, and
allows the determination of the CO in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere from ducts and stacks. This
2
document specifies the measurement of the total CO concentration and does not differentiate between
2
biogenic and fossil derived CO .
2
This document specifies the characteristics to be determined and the performance criteria to be fulfilled
by portable automated measuring systems (P-AMS) using the IR measurement method. It applies for
periodic monitoring and for the calibration or control of automated measuring systems (AMS)
permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15259:2007, Air quality - Measurement of stationary source emissions - Requirements for measurement
sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report
EN 15267-4:2017, Air quality - Certification of automated measuring systems - Part 4: Performance criteria
and test procedures for automated measuring systems for periodic measurements of emissions from
stationary sources
EN ISO 14956, Air quality - Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison with a
required measurement uncertainty (ISO 14956)
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement - Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM:1995)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
standard reference method
SRM
reference method prescribed by European or national legislation
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
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3.2
reference method
RM
measurement method taken as a reference by convention, which gives the accepted reference value of
the measurand
Note 1 to entry: A reference method is fully described.
Note 2 to entry: A reference method can be a manual or an automated method.
Note 3 to entry: Alternative methods can be used if equivalence to the reference method has been
demonstrated.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.3
measurement method
method described in a written procedure containing all the means and procedures required to sample
and analyse, namely field of application, principle and/or reactions, definitions, equipment, procedures,
presentation of results, other requirements and measurement report
[SOURCE: EN 14793:2017]
3.4
alternative method
AM
measurement method which complies with the criteria given by this document with respect to the
reference method
Note 1 to entry: An alternative method can consist of a simplification of the reference method.
[SOURCE: EN 14793:2017]
3.5
measuring system
set of one or more measuring instruments and often other devices, including any reagent and supply,
assembled and adapted to give information used to generate measured quantity values within specified
intervals for quantities of specified kinds
[SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012]
3.6
automated measuring system
AMS
entirety of all measuring instruments and additional devices for obtaining a result of measurement
Note 1 to entry: Apart from the actual measuring device (the analyser), an AMS includes facilities for taking
samples (e.g. probe, sample gas lines, flow meters and regulator, delivery pump) and for sample conditioning (e.g.
dust filter, pre-separator for interferents, cooler, converter). This definition also includes testing and adjusting
devices that are required for functional checks and, if applicable, for commissioning.
Note 2 to entry: The term “automated measuring system” (AMS) is typically used in Europe. The term
“continuous emission monitoring system” (CEMS) is also typically used in the UK and USA.
[SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017]
5
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3.7
portable automated measuring system
P-AMS
automated measuring system which is in a condition or application to be moved from one to another
measurement site to obtain measurement results for a short measurement period
Note 1 to entry: The measurement period is typically 8 h for a day.
Note 2 to entry: The P-AMS can be configured at the measurement site for the special application but can be also
set-up in a van or mobile container. The probe and the sample gas lines are installed often just before the
measurement task is started.
[SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017]
3.8
calibration
set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values of quantities
indicated by a measuring method or measuring system, and the corresponding values given by the
applicable reference
Note 1 to entry: In case of automated measuring system (AMS) permanently installed on a stack the applicable
reference is the standard reference method (SRM) used to establish the calibration function of the AMS.
Note 2 to entry: Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system.
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.9
adjustment
set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications
corresponding to given values of a quantity to be measured
Note 1 to entry: The adjustment can be made directly on the instrument or using a suitable calculation
procedure.
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.10
span gas
test gas used to adjust and check a specific point on the response line of the measuring system
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.11
measurand
particular quantity subject to measurement
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
Note 1 to entry: The measurand is a quantifiable property of the stack gas under test, for example volume
concentration of a measured component, temperature, velocity, mass flow, oxygen content and water vapour
content.
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3.12
interference
negative or positive effect upon the response of the measuring system, due to a component of the sample
that is not the measurand
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.13
influence quantity
quantity that is not the measurand but that affects the result of the measurement
Note 1 to entry: Influence quantities are e.g. presence of interfering gases; ambient temperature, pressure of the
gas sample.
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.14
ambient temperature
temperature of the air around the measuring system
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.15
measurement campaign
single measurement or series of measurements intended to achieve a measurement objective
3.16
measurement period
designated period of time during which emission data set(s) are collected
3.17
measurement site
place on the waste gas duct in the area of the measurement plane(s) consisting of structures and technical
equipment, for example working platforms, measurement ports, energy supply
Note 1 to entry: Measurement site is also known as sampling site.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.18
measurement plane
plane normal to the centreline of the duct at the sampling position
Note 1 to entry: Measurement plane is also known as sampling plane.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
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3.19
measurement port
opening in the waste gas duct along the measurement line, through which access to the waste gas is
gained
Note 1 to entry: Measurement port is also known as sampling port or access port.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.20
measurement line
line in the measurement plane along which the measurement points are located, bounded by the inner
duct wall
Note 1 to entry: Measurement line is also known as sampling line.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.21
measurement point
position in the measurement plane at which the sample stream is extracted or the measurement data are
obtained directly
Note 1 to entry: Measurement point is also known as sampling point.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.22
performance characteristic
one of the quantities (described by values, tolerances, range) assigned to equipment in order to define its
performance
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.23
response time
duration between the instant when an input quantity value of a measuring instrument or measuring
system is subjected to an abrupt change between two specified constant quantity values and the instant
when a corresponding indication settles within specified limits around its final steady value
Note 1 to entry: By convention time taken for the output signal to pass from 0 % to 90 % of the final variation
of indication.
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.24
short-term zero drift
difference between two zero readings at the beginning and at the end of the measurement period
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
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3.25
short-term span drift
difference between two span readings at the beginning and at the end of the measurement period
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.26
lack of fit
systematic deviation, within the measurement range, between the measurement result obtained by
applying the calibration function to the observed response of the measuring system measuring test gases
and the corresponding accepted value of such test gases
Note 1 to entry: Lack of fit can be a function of the measurement result.
Note 2 to entry: The expression “lack of fit” is often replaced in everyday language by “linearity” or “deviation
from linearity”.
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.27
repeatability in the laboratory
closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measurand
carried out under the same conditions of measurement
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
Note 1 to entry: Repeatability conditions include:
— same measurement method;
— same laboratory;
— same measuring system, used under the same conditions;
— same location;
— repetition over a short period of time.
Note 2 to entry: Repeatability can be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the
results.
Note 3 to entry: In this document the repeatability is expressed as a value with a level of confidence of 95 %.
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3.28
repeatability in the field
closeness of the agreement between the results of simultaneous measurements of the same measurand
carried out with two sets of equipment under the same conditions of measurement
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
Note 1 to entry: These conditions include:
— same measurement method;
— two sets of equipment, the performances of which are fulfilling the requirements of the measurement
method, used under the same conditions;
— same location;
— implemented by the same laboratory;
— typically calculated on short periods of time in order to avoid the effect of changes of influence
parameters (e.g. 30 min).
Note 2 to entry: Repeatability can be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the
results.
Note 3 to entry: In this document, the repeatability under field conditions is expressed as a value with a level of
confidence of 95 %.
3.29
reproducibility in the field
closeness of the agreement between the results of simultaneous measurements of the same measurand
carried out with several sets of equipment under the same conditions of measurement
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
Note 1 to entry: These conditions are called field reproducibility conditions and include:
— same measurement method;
— several sets of equipment, the performances of which are fulfilling the requirements of the measurement
method, used under the same conditions;
— same location;
— implemented by several laboratories.
Note 2 to entry: Reproducibility can be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the
results.
Note 3 to entry: In this document, the reproducibility under field conditions is expressed as a value with a level
of confidence of 95 %.
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3.30
residence time in the measuring system
time period for the sample gas to be transported from the inlet of the probe to the inlet of the
measurement cell
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.31
uncertainty
parameter associated with the result of a measurement, that characterises the dispersion of the values
that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.32
standard uncertainty
u
uncertainty of the result of a measurement expressed as a standard deviation
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.33
combined uncertainty
u
c
standard uncertainty attached to the measurement result calculated by combination of several standard
uncertainties
Note 1 to entry: This is according to the principles laid down in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (GUM)
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.34
expanded uncertainty
U
quantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a
large fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
U ku×
c
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
Note 1 to entry: In this document, the expanded uncertainty is calculated with a coverage factor of k = 2, and with
a level of confidence of 95 %.
Note 2 to entry: The expression overall uncertainty is sometimes used to express the expanded uncertainty.
3.35
uncertainty budget
calculation table combining all the sources of uncertainty according to EN ISO 14956 or
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 in order to calculate the combined uncertainty of the method at a specified value
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
11
=
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4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.
A(t ) (result given by the analyser after adjustment at t at span point – result given by the
0 0
analyser after adjustment at t at zero point) / (calibration gas concentration at span point
0
– calibration gas concentration at zero point)
B(t ) result given by the analyser after adjustment at t at zero point
0 0
C measured concentration
C measured concentration corrected for drift
corr
Drift(A) {[(result given by the analyser during the drift check at t at span point – result given by
end
the analyser during the drift check at t at zero point) / (calibration gas concentration at
end
span point – calibration gas concentration at zero point)] – A(t )} / (t – t )
0 end 0
Drift(B) (result given by the analyser during the drift check at t at zero point – result given by
end
the analyser after adjustment at t at zero point) / (t – t )
0 end 0
f volume fraction
k coverage factor
M molar mass
mol
s reproducibility standard deviation
R
s
maximum allowable repeatability standard deviation
r,limit
t time
t time of adjustment
0
t time of check for drift at the end of the measurement period
end
u standard uncertainty
u combined uncertainty
c
U expanded uncertainty
V molar volume
mol
4.2 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
AM alternative method
AMS automated measuring system
P-AMS portable automated measuring system
PTFE polytetrafluoroethene
PFA perfluoroalkoxy
SRM standard reference method
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5 Principle
5.1 General
This document describes the reference method (RM) for sampling, and determining the carbon dioxide
(CO ) concentration in ducts and stacks emitted to atmosphere by means of an automatic analyser using
2
the IR absorption principle. The specific components and the requirements for the sampling system and
the IR analyser are described in Clause 6 and Clause 7. A number of performance characteristics with
associated performance criteria are specified for the analyser. These performance characteristics are
determined according to EN 15267-4:2017 and the expanded uncertainty of the method shall meet the
performance criteria given in this document. Requirements and recommendations for quality assurance
and quality control are given in Clause 10 for measurements in the field.
5.2 Measuring principle
The attenuation of infrared light passing through a sample of the stack gas is a measure of the
concentration of CO in the measurement path, according to the Lambert-Beer law. Not only CO but also
2 2
most hetero-atomic molecules absorb infrared light, in particular H O has broad bands that can interfere
2
with the measurement of CO . Different technical solutions have been developed to suppress cross-
2
sensitivity in order to design automatic monitoring systems with acceptable performance.
For example, the non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) method is suitable for CO measurements. The following
2
describes an example of an NDIR configuration measuring CO : gas concentration is measured electro-
2
optically by its absorption of a specific wavelength in the infrared (IR). The IR light is directed through
the sample chamber towards the detector. In parallel there is another chamber with an enclosed
reference gas, typically nitrogen. The detector has an optical filter in front of it that eliminates all light
except the wavelength that the selected gas molecules can absorb. Ideally other gas molecules do not
absorb light at this wavelength, and do not affect the amount of light reaching the detector to compensate
for interfering components. For instance, H O often initiates cross sensitivity in the infrared spectrum.
2
Different technical solutions have been developed to suppress, cross-sensitivity, instability and drift in
order to design automatic monitoring systems with acceptable properties (e.g. gas filter correlation
technique).
Special attention shall be paid to IR radiation absorbing-gases such as water vapour.
IR analysers are associated to an extractive sampling system and typically a gas conditioning system. In
an extractive sampling system a sample of gas is taken from the stack with a sampling probe and
conveyed to the analyser through the sample gas line and gas conditioning system. The values from the
analyser are recorded and/or stored by means of electronic data processing.
6 Description of the measuring system
6.1 General
A volume is extracted from the flue gas for a fixed period of time at a controlled flow rate. The measuring
system typically consists of:
— sampling probe;
— filter;
— sample gas line;
— conditioning system;
— analytical instrument.
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A filter removes the dust in the sampled volume before the sample is conditioned and passed to the
analyser.
Different sampling and conditioning configurations are available in order to avoid the water vapour
condensation in the measuring system.
Possible configurations are:
— configuration 1: removal of water vapour by condensation using a cooling system;
— configuration 2: removal of water vapour through elimination using a permeation drier;
— configuration 3: dilution with dry, clean, ambient air or nitrogen with zero levels of CO ;
2
— configuration 4: heating of the complete sampling system from the nozzle to the heated analyser at a
temperature above the dew point.
Configurations 1 to 3 require that the user shall check that the dew point temperature or the outlet
temperature of the conditioning system is lower or equal to 4 °C at the inlet of the analyser.
For configuration 4 the user may correct the results for the remaining water content in order to report
results on a dry basis (see Annex B in EN 14790:2017).
It is important that all parts of the sampling equipment upstream of the analyser are made of materials
that do not react with or change the CO content.
2
The temperature of all components of the sampling equipment coming into contact with the wet sample
gas shall be maintained at a sufficiently high temperature to avoid any condensation.
Conditions and layout of the sampling equipment contribute to the combined uncertainty of the
measurement. In order to minimize this contribution to the combined measurement uncertainty,
performance criteria for the sampling equipment and sampling conditions are given in 6.2 and
in Clause 7.
Some other sample gas conditioning systems may exist and could be acceptable, provided they fulfil the
requirements of this document and have been validated with success during the certification process. For
example, some systems put gas in depression using a simple Sonic nozzle in the collection probe in order
to create a partial vacuum (between 50 hPa absolute and 100 hPa absolute) so that the head of collection
and the sample gas line does not need to be heated and water vapour condensation is avoided.
6.2 Extractive sampling and sample gas conditioning system
6.2.1 Sampling probe
In order to reach the measurement points of the measurement plane, probes of different lengths and
inner diameters may be used. The design and configuration of the probe used shall ensure the residence
time of the sample gas within the probe is minimized in order to reduce the response time of the
measuring system.
NOTE 1 The probe can be marked before sampling in order to demonstrate that the measurement points in the
measurement plane have been reached.
NOTE 2 A sealable connection can be installed on the probe in order to introduce test gases for adjustment.
6.2.2 Filter
The filter and filter holder shall be made of an inert material (e.g. ceramic or sinter metal filter with an
appropriate pore size). It shall be heated above the sample water and acid dew point temperature,
whichever is the greater. The particle filter shall be changed or cleaned periodically depending on the
dust loading in the measurement plane.
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NOTE Ove
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17405:2019
01-julij-2019
Emisije nepremičnih virov - Določevanje masne koncentracije ogljikovega
dioksida - Referenčna metoda: infrardeča spektroskopija
Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of carbon dioxide
- Reference method: infrared spectrometry
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Ermittlung der Massenkonzentration von
Kohlenstoffdioxid - Referenzverfahren: Infrarot-Spektrometrie
Émissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la concentration massique en dioxyde de
carbone - Méthode de référence spectrométrie infrarouge
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TS 17405
ICS:
13.040.40 Emisije nepremičnih virov Stationary source emissions
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17405:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17405:2019
FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
FprCEN/TS 17405
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
May 2019
ICS
English Version
Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass
concentration of carbon dioxide - Reference method:
infrared spectrometry
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Ermittlung der
Massenkonzentration von Kohlenstoffdioxid -
Referenzverfahren: Infrarot-Spektrometrie
This draft Technical Specification is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 264.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a Technical Specification. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change
without notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Specification.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TS 17405:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 13
4.1 Symbols . 13
4.2 Abbreviated terms . 13
5 Principle . 14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Measuring principle . 14
6 Description of the measuring system . 14
6.1 General . 14
6.2 Extractive sampling and sample gas conditioning system . 15
6.2.1 Sampling probe . 15
6.2.2 Filter . 15
6.2.3 Sample gas line . 16
6.2.4 Sample gas conditioning system . 16
6.2.5 Sample gas pump . 16
6.2.6 Secondary filter . 16
6.2.7 Flow controller and flow meter . 16
6.3 Analyser equipment . 17
6.3.1 General . 17
6.3.2 Pressure and temperature effects . 17
6.3.3 Sampling pump for the analyser . 17
6.3.4 Interferences due to infrared absorbing gases . 17
7 Performance characteristics . 18
8 Suitability of the measuring system for the measurement task . 19
9 Field operation . 20
9.1 Measurement planning . 20
9.2 Sampling Strategy . 20
9.2.1 General . 20
9.2.2 Measurement section and measurement plane . 20
9.2.3 Minimum number and location of measurement points . 20
9.2.4 Measurement ports and working platform . 20
9.3 Choice of the measuring system . 21
9.4 Setting of the measuring system on site . 21
9.4.1 General . 21
9.4.2 Preliminary zero and span check, and adjustments . 21
9.4.3 Zero and span checks after measurement . 22
10 Ongoing quality control . 23
10.1 General . 23
10.2 Frequency of checks . 23
11 Expression of results . 24
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12 Measurement report . 24
Annex A (informative) Schematics of non-dispersive infrared spectrometer . 25
Annex B (informative) Schematics of measuring system . 27
Annex C (informative) Example of assessment of compliance of the non-dispersive infrared
method for CO against uncertainty requirements on emission measurements . 28
2
C.1 General . 28
C.2 Elements required for the uncertainty determinations . 28
C.2.1 Model equation . 28
C.2.2 Combined uncertainty . 29
C.2.3 Expanded uncertainty . 29
C.2.4 Determination of uncertainty contributions in case of rectangular distributions . 30
C.2.5 Determination of uncertainty contributions by use of sensitivity coefficients . 30
C.3 Example of an uncertainty calculation. 31
Annex D (informative) Example of correction of data from drift effect . 33
Bibliography . 35
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European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TS 17405:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air
quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the Vote on TS.
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1 Scope
This document specifies the reference method (RM) for the measurement of carbon dioxide (CO ) based
2
on the infrared (IR) absorption principle. It includes the sampling and the gas conditioning system, and
allows the determination of the CO in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere from ducts and stacks. This
2
document specifies the measurement of the total CO concentration and does not differentiate between
2
biogenic and fossil derived CO .
2
This document specifies the characteristics to be determined and the performance criteria to be fulfilled
by portable automated measuring systems (P-AMS) using the IR measurement method. It applies for
periodic monitoring and for the calibration or control of automated measuring systems (AMS)
permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15259:2007, Air quality - Measurement of stationary source emissions - Requirements for measurement
sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report
EN 15267-4:2017, Air quality - Certification of automated measuring systems - Part 4: Performance criteria
and test procedures for automated measuring systems for periodic measurements of emissions from
stationary sources
EN ISO 14956:2002, Air quality - Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison
with a required measurement uncertainty (ISO 14956:2002)
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM:1995)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
standard reference method
SRM
reference method prescribed by European or national legislation
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
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3.2
reference method
RM
measurement method taken as a reference by convention, which gives the accepted reference value of
the measurand
Note 1 to entry: A reference method is fully described.
Note 2 to entry: A reference method can be a manual or an automated method.
Note 3 to entry: Alternative methods can be used if equivalence to the reference method has been
demonstrated.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.3
measurement method
method described in a written procedure containing all the means and procedures required to sample
and analyse, namely field of application, principle and/or reactions, definitions, equipment, procedures,
presentation of results, other requirements and measurement report
[SOURCE: EN 14793:2017]
3.4
alternative method
AM
measurement method which complies with the criteria given by this document with respect to the
reference method
Note 1 to entry: An alternative method can consist of a simplification of the reference method.
[SOURCE: EN 14793:2017]
3.5
measuring system
set of one or more measuring instruments and often other devices, including any reagent and supply,
assembled and adapted to give information used to generate measured quantity values within specified
intervals for quantities of specified kinds
[SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012]
3.6
automated measuring system
AMS
entirety of all measuring instruments and additional devices for obtaining a result of measurement
Note 1 to entry: Apart from the actual measuring device (the analyser), an AMS includes facilities for taking
samples (e.g. probe, sample gas lines, flow meters and regulator, delivery pump) and for sample conditioning (e.g.
dust filter, pre-separator for interferents, cooler, converter). This definition also includes testing and adjusting
devices that are required for functional checks and, if applicable, for commissioning.
Note 2 to entry: The term “automated measuring system” (AMS) is typically used in Europe. The term
“continuous emission monitoring system” (CEMS) is also typically used in the UK and USA.
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[SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017]
3.7
portable automated measuring system
P-AMS
automated measuring system which is in a condition or application to be moved from one to another
measurement site to obtain measurement results for a short measurement period
Note 1 to entry: The measurement period is typically 8 h for a day.
Note 2 to entry: The P-AMS can be configured at the measurement site for the special application but can be also
set-up in a van or mobile container. The probe and the sample gas lines are installed often just before the
measurement task is started.
[SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017]
3.8
calibration
set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values of quantities
indicated by a measuring method or measuring system, and the corresponding values given by the
applicable reference
Note 1 to entry: In case of automated measuring system (AMS) permanently installed on a stack the applicable
reference is the standard reference method (SRM) used to establish the calibration function of the AMS.
Note 2 to entry: Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system.
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.9
adjustment
set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications
corresponding to given values of a quantity to be measured
Note 1 to entry: The adjustment can be made directly on the instrument or using a suitable calculation
procedure.
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.10
span gas
test gas used to adjust and check a specific point on the response line of the measuring system
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.11
measurand
particular quantity subject to measurement
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
Note 1 to entry: The measurand is a quantifiable property of the stack gas under test, for example mass
concentration of a measured component, temperature, velocity, mass flow, oxygen content and water vapour
content.
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3.12
interference
negative or positive effect upon the response of the measuring system, due to a component of the sample
that is not the measurand
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.13
influence quantity
quantity that is not the measurand but that affects the result of the measurement
Note 1 to entry: Influence quantities are e.g. presence of interfering gases; ambient temperature, pressure of the
gas sample.
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.14
ambient temperature
temperature of the air around the measuring system
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.15
measurement campaign
single measurement or series of measurements intended to achieve a measurement objective
3.16
measurement period
designated period of time during which emission data set(s) are collected
3.17
measurement site
place on the waste gas duct in the area of the measurement plane(s) consisting of structures and technical
equipment, for example working platforms, measurement ports, energy supply
Note 1 to entry: Measurement site is also known as sampling site.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.18
measurement plane
plane normal to the centreline of the duct at the sampling position
Note 1 to entry: Measurement plane is also known as sampling plane.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
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3.19
measurement port
opening in the waste gas duct along the measurement line, through which access to the waste gas is
gained
Note 1 to entry: Measurement port is also known as sampling port or access port.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.20
measurement line
line in the measurement plane along which the measurement points are located, bounded by the inner
duct wall
Note 1 to entry: Measurement line is also known as sampling line.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.21
measurement point
position in the measurement plane at which the sample stream is extracted or the measurement data are
obtained directly
Note 1 to entry: Measurement point is also known as sampling point.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.22
performance characteristic
one of the quantities (described by values, tolerances, range) assigned to equipment in order to define its
performance
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.23
response time
duration between the instant when an input quantity value of a measuring instrument or measuring
system is subjected to an abrupt change between two specified constant quantity values and the instant
when a corresponding indication settles within specified limits around its final steady value
Note 1 to entry: By convention time taken for the output signal to pass from 0 % to 90 % of the final variation
of indication.
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.24
short-term zero drift
difference between two zero readings at the beginning and at the end of the measurement period
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
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3.25
short-term span drift
difference between two span readings at the beginning and at the end of the measurement period
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.26
lack of fit
systematic deviation, within the measurement range, between the measurement result obtained by
applying the calibration function to the observed response of the measuring system measuring test gases
and the corresponding accepted value of such test gases
Note 1 to entry: Lack of fit can be a function of the measurement result.
Note 2 to entry: The expression “lack of fit” is often replaced in everyday language by “linearity” or “deviation
from linearity”.
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.27
repeatability in the laboratory
closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measurand
carried out under the same conditions of measurement
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
Note 1 to entry: Repeatability conditions include:
— same measurement method;
— same laboratory;
— same measuring system, used under the same conditions;
— same location;
— repetition over a short period of time.
Note 2 to entry: Repeatability can be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the
results.
Note 3 to entry: In this document the repeatability is expressed as a value with a level of confidence of 95 %.
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3.28
repeatability in the field
closeness of the agreement between the results of simultaneous measurements of the same measurand
carried out with two sets of equipment under the same conditions of measurement
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
Note 1 to entry: These conditions include:
— same measurement method;
— two sets of equipment, the performances of which are fulfilling the requirements of the measurement
method, used under the same conditions;
— same location;
— implemented by the same laboratory;
— typically calculated on short periods of time in order to avoid the effect of changes of influence
parameters (e.g. 30 min).
Note 2 to entry: Repeatability can be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the
results.
Note 3 to entry: In this document, the repeatability under field conditions is expressed as a value with a level of
confidence of 95 %.
3.29
reproducibility in the field
closeness of the agreement between the results of simultaneous measurements of the same measurand
carried out with several sets of equipment under the same conditions of measurement
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
Note 1 to entry: These conditions are called field reproducibility conditions and include:
— same measurement method;
— several sets of equipment, the performances of which are fulfilling the requirements of the measurement
method, used under the same conditions;
— same location;
— implemented by several laboratories.
Note 2 to entry: Reproducibility can be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the
results.
Note 3 to entry: In this document, the reproducibility under field conditions is expressed as a value with a level
of confidence of 95 %.
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3.30
residence time in the measuring system
time period for the sample gas to be transported from the inlet of the probe to the inlet of the
measurement cell
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.31
uncertainty
parameter associated with the result of a measurement, that characterises the dispersion of the values
that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.32
standard uncertainty
u
uncertainty of the result of a measurement expressed as a standard deviation
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.33
combined uncertainty
u
c
standard uncertainty attached to the measurement result calculated by combination of several standard
uncertainties
Note 1 to entry: This is according to the principles laid down in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (GUM)
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
3.34
expanded uncertainty
U
quantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a
large fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
U ku×
c
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
Note 1 to entry: In this document, the expanded uncertainty is calculated with a coverage factor of k = 2, and with
a level of confidence of 95 %.
Note 2 to entry: The expression overall uncertainty is sometimes used to express the expanded uncertainty.
3.35
uncertainty budget
calculation table combining all the sources of uncertainty according to EN ISO 14956 or
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 in order to calculate the combined uncertainty of the method at a specified value
[SOURCE: EN 15058:2017]
12
=
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4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.
A(t ) (result given by the analyser after adjustment at t at span point – result given by the
0 0
analyser after adjustment at t at zero point) / (calibration gas concentration at span point
0
– calibration gas concentration at zero point)
B(t ) result given by the analyser after adjustment at t at zero point
0 0
C measured concentration
Ccorr measured concentration corrected for drift
Drift(A) {[(result given by the analyser during the drift check at t at span point – result given by
end
the analyser during the drift check at t at zero point) / (calibration gas concentration at
end
span point – calibration gas concentration at zero point)] – A(t )} / (t – t )
0 end 0
Drift(B) (result given by the analyser during the drift check at t at zero point – result given by the
end
analyser after adjustment at t at zero point) / (t – t )
0 end 0
f volume fraction
k coverage factor
M molar mass
mol
s reproducibility standard deviation
R
sr,limit maximum allowable repeatability standard deviation
t time
t time of adjustment
0
t time of check for drift at the end of the measurement period
end
u standard uncertainty
u combined uncertainty
c
U expanded uncertainty
V molar volume
mol
4.2 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
AM alternative method
AMS automated measuring system
P-AMS portable automated measuring system
PTFE polytetrafluoroethene
PFA perfluoroalkoxy
SRM standard reference method
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5 Principle
5.1 General
This document describes the reference method (RM) for sampling, and determining the carbon dioxide
(CO ) concentration in ducts and stacks emitted to atmosphere by means of an automatic analyser using
2
the IR absorption principle. The specific components and the requirements for the sampling system and
the IR analyser are described in Clause 6 and Clause 7. A number of performance characteristics with
associated performance criteria are specified for the analyser. These performance characteristics are
determined according to EN 15267-4:2017 and the expanded uncertainty of the method shall meet the
performance criteria given in this document. Requirements and recommendations for quality assurance
and quality control are given in Clause 10 for measurements in the field.
5.2 Measuring principle
The attenuation of infrared light passing through a sample of the stack gas is a measure of the
concentration of CO in the measurement path, according to the Lambert-Beer law. Not only CO but also
2 2
most hetero-atomic molecules absorb infrared light, in particular H O has broad bands that can interfere
2
with the measurement of CO . Different technical solutions have been developed to suppress cross-
2
sensitivity in order to design automatic monitoring systems with acceptable performance.
For example, the non-dispersiv
...
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